The law persists because people have reasons to comply with its rules. What characterizes those reasons is their interdependence: each of us only has a reason to comply because he or she expects the others to comply for the same reasons. The rules may help us to solve coordination problems, but the interaction patterns regulated by them also include Prisoner's Dilemma games, Division problems and Assurance problems. In these "games" the rules can only persist if people can be expected to be moved by considerations of fidelity and fairness, not only of prudence.
This book takes a fresh look at the perennial problems of legal philosophy - the source of obligation to obey the law, the nature of authority, the relationship between law and morality, and the nature of legal argument - from the perspective of this conventionalist understanding of social rules. It argues that, since the resilience of such rules depends on cooperative dispositions, conventionalism, properly understood, does not imply positivism.

A group of scholars in the area of civil procedure discuss the fundamental emerging problem concerning the abuse of procedural rights. The main features of this problem, such as: the theoretical and moral implication of procedural abuses, the subjects who may commit them, the typologies of abusive practices, the consequences and analytical perspective. The emergence and the legal characters of these issues are studied with reference to a large number of systems. A comparative framework is provided by the general and final reports.

With the Arbitration Act of 2006, Austria consolidates its emerging role as a seat for arbitration proceedings affecting Central and Eastern Europe. Based to a significant extent on the UNCITRAL Model Law, which is fast becoming an international standard, Austria's new law is applicable in any proceedings involving parties from any country. Assembled with detailed commentary in footnotes by Christoph Liebscher, a leading Austrian arbitration specialist and a member of the committee that drafted the law, this definitive presentation of the Austrian Arbitration Act of 2006 provides all of the following: text and notes in four languages - English, Russian, French, and German - so as many readers as possible can study the legislation in their own language; concise footnotes to nearly every article, offering easy-to-follow applications, examples, and clarifications; and a wealth of general information useful for non-specialists who must advise on the drafting of arbitration agreements. This book will be of great practical value to arbitration practitioners, to international business people and their counsel, as well as to academics in arbitration and international trade law, especially in the context of Central and Eastern Europe.

The Netherlands Arbitration Institute (NAI) is the most prestigious institute in the Netherlands for the arbitration of commercial disputes. While NAI arbitration is the dispute resolution mechanism of choice of many Dutch corporations and public entities, it is increasingly agreed on by foreign parties selecting the Netherlands as a neutral venue for their potential disputes. This excellent volume, a rule-by-rule guide to the NAI Arbitration Rules, is not only the first such handbook in English, but the most comprehensive and detailed in any language. In addition, it provides a unique commentary in English on important elements of Dutch arbitration law. Drawing on case law from arbitral tribunals and state courts and on extensive personal experience, members of the arbitration team of the Dutch law firm De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek N.V. provide in-depth commentary on each provision of the NAI Arbitration Rules and on arbitration-related court proceedings in the Netherlands under the Dutch Arbitration Act. Focusing on disputes arising from (among others) share purchase agreements, joint venture agreements, licence agreements, franchise agreements, finance agreements, contractor agreements, distribution agreements, and agreements for the sale of goods, the analysis covers such crucial factors of the NAI system as the following: * the use of the list procedure for the appointment of arbitrators; * the central role of the Administrator; * the Dutch concept of binding advice; * contractual relationships and exclusion of liability; * the separability of the arbitration agreement; * freedom in determining and applying rules of evidence; * the mechanisms for parties to seek relief in summary arbitration proceedings; * costs of arbitration; and * the arbitral award, including the possibility of rectifying , supplementing and setting aside this award. The provision-by-provision analysis also compares the NAI Rules with both relevant proceedings in the Dutch state courts and, inter alia, ICC and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules and to practice under such other rules. The authors of this matchless book have faced many questions on the NAI Arbitration Rules, advised on the interpretation and correct application of those Rules, and defended such interpretation before tribunals and courts. In this book they share their experience, insights, and expertise. Counsel for corporate clients and public entities contemplating arbitration proceedings - as well as counsel to parties in NAI proceedings or related court proceedings - will find here an incomparable guide to the NAI system and Dutch arbitration law.

Expanding international trade forces practitioners, academics, and jurists to wrestle more often with damages claims in international law, navigating the varied treatments of damages issues from country to country. Many of these decisions may be difficult to find, let alone assess. This text guides the reader through complex damage issues and their treatment around the globe. It examines issues and problems presented in determining compensatory interest, moratory interest, damages in foreign currency, attorneys' fees and costs, and punitive damages in foreign currency. The book is aimed at law professionals such as attorneys, arbitrators, judges and scholars, as a resource on how different legal systems address damages issues.

Breaking through conceptual roadblocks that at bottom are based on a lack of exposure to valuation procedures rather than on any uncertainty about legal principles, this enormously useful volume is addressed particularly to the many arbitrators with sound commercial knowledge but little hands-on experience with valuation studies. It provides a clear understanding of the nuts and bolts of valuation methods, drawing on a prodigious wealth of standards and procedures endorsed by internationally respected institutions, as well as on relevant decisions of a wide variety of local, national, and international fora. It reviews tools that arbitrators may employ to reach their final compensation assessment on a principled basis. The book's many practical recommendations greatly elucidate the decision making processes entailed in three central aspects of the arbitrator's role:
- advance planning to enhance understanding of expert valuation evidence;
- identification of "apples-to-oranges" miscomparisons; and
- recognition of the true comparability between the business at issue and other examples offered in the expert evidence.
The presentation focuses not only on the legal standards applicable to the valuation (full or adequate compensation, reparations, restitution, actual loss, fair market value, fair or reasonably equivalent value, lost profits, etc.), but also on the informed judgment and reasonableness that must enter into the process of weighing the facts of each case and determining its aggregate significance.
In its practical assistance to arbitral tribunals presented with complex business valuation in the quantum phase of a hearing, this book shows a thoughtful andproactive arbitrator how to help him or herself and provides a full measure of the valuation expertise required. In a more deeply significant way, the author reveals how the arbitration community can move closer toward a common language and consistent principles -- a Valuation Mercatoria.

"Marcossen has written a good book. Its tone is appropriate, its arguments are provocative, and its subject matter is significant."--"The Law and Politics Book Review," Vol.12, No. 7

"Brilliantly dissecting Thomas' and his philosophical mentor Antonin Scalia's conservatism, Marcossen resembles a master debater delivering a crushing final summation."-- "Booklist," August 2002

"Without a doubt, this is one of the best pieces of constitutional law scholarship published in some time."
-- "Choice"

Originalism is the practice of reviewing constitutional cases by seeking to discern the framers' and ratifiers' intent. Original Sin argues that the "jurisprudence of original intent," represented on the current Supreme Court by Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, has failed on its own terms. Attempts to determine the framers' intent have not brought greater determinacy and legitimacy to the process of constitutional interpretation. Instead, the method has been marked by the very flaws--including self-interested reasoning and the manipulation of doctrine--that originalists argue marred the jurisprudence of the judicial "activists" of the Warren Court.

Original Sin brings a rigorous review of the performance of the "new originalists" to the debate, applying their methodology to real cases. Marcosson focuses on the judicial decisions of Clarence Thomas, an avowed originalist who nevertheless advocates "color blind" readings of the Constitution which are at odds with the framers' ideas concerning anti-miscegenation and other laws. After critiquing what he sees as a troubling use of originalism and explaining why it has failed to provide a consistent basis for constitutionaldecision-making, the author goes on to offer an alternative approach: one that lends greater legitimacy to the Court's interpretations of the Constitution.

Following events such as the 2008 credit crunch and financial crisis, many sectors of the economy suffered; nevertheless, reinsurance managed to maintain its strong position in the market industry and the global economic arena. Arbitration has traditionally been used in reinsurance, due in no small part to its effective, time- and cost-efficient nature. Hence, reinsurance contracts often include arbitration clauses requiring that any and all disputes arising under the contract be resolved by arbitration. The current work provides an in-depth treatment of reinsurance arbitrations and the various issues they entail in the most representative jurisdictions for such arbitrations. It also aims to pave the way for future directions of arbitration in the context of reinsurance. Any participant in the reinsurance market arena looking for a roadmap to the fascinating legal environment in which reinsurance arbitrations operate would be well advised to have this book on hand. Following events such as the 2008 credit crunch and financial crisis, many sectors of the economy suffered; nevertheless, reinsurance managed to maintain its strong position in the market industry and the global economic arena. Arbitration has traditionally been used in reinsurance due in no small part to its effective, time- and cost-efficient nature. Hence, reinsurance contracts often include arbitration clauses requiring that any and all disputes arising under the contract be resolved by arbitration. The current work provides an in-depth treatment of reinsurance arbitrations and the various issues they entail in the most representative jurisdictions for such arbitrations. It also aims to pave the way for future directions of arbitration in the context of reinsurance.Any participant in the reinsurance market arena looking for a roadmap to the fascinating legal environment in which reinsurance arbitrations operate would be well advised to have this book on hand.

This work examines both the failures and successes of intervention by the international community into the internal conflicts that are plaguing the post-Cold War world. It examines the legal framework and the bureaucratic and political realities that govern intervention and helps to explain why performance has been so uneven. The strategy offered by the authors operates within the parameters of legal and political limits to improve effectiveness by increasing international cooperation. Although radical in the context of international intervention, it has strong precedents in both industry and in actual conflict resolution. It involves a move to decentralization of operations to the field, permitting those on the scene to exercise far greater responsibility than is now the case. It details models of success and argues that effective decentralization can be institutionalized. For this proposed strategy to be effective, reponsible leadership of international organizations and their member states requires reassurance. This reassurance can be provided by a process of systematic and joint planning for intervention performed at the highest level as well as by careful training within civilian agencies that deal with diplomacy or humanitarian services. All of the arguments and strategies developed by the authors are supported with examples developed from case studies of how to effectively accomplish their goal of mitigating the outbreaks of violent conflicts through improved international cooperation in intervention.

An inside look at crisis management in the 21st century, Feeding Frenzy tells the story of two companies at war with each other, and of the trial lawyers determined to keep the conflict on the front pages. The Ford-Firestone tire crisis was the biggest business story of 2000-2001. Deadly and mysterious rollover accidents of Ford Explorers with failing Firestone tires took a toll of more than 270 lives in the U.S. and at least 100 more in Venezuela and other hot-climate countries. In compelling narrative, Feeding Frenzy provides a richer case study than can be found in other books on crisis communications. The reader climbs into the front seat for an eventful ride with the Ford PR team, as the automaker tries to understand what's causing the maddening accidents. Firestone's recall of millions of tires does nothing to abate unprecedented scrutiny from international media, safety advocates and an angry U.S. Congress. All the while, trial lawyers are leaking a new inflammatory document virtually every day to journalists competing with one another to break the next big story in this epic crisis. Jon Harmon is a chief communications officer with experience in all facets of reputation management. Over a 23-year career at Ford Motor Company, Harmon served in numerous roles requiring adroit media relations. He was Ford's chief spokesman during national labor negotiations with the UAW, and for many of Ford's high-profile legal cases and safety issues. As head of public relations for Ford Truck, Harmon was thrust into defending the Ford Explorer throughout the epic Ford-Firestone tire crisis. Harmon is the author of the Force for Good Communications blog for "aspirational public relations" at www.forceforgoodcom.com.

Throughout history, there has been conflict and the clashing of ideas. Although this has assisted in creating political and societal structures, it has also led to civil unrest, cases of severe discord, and war. Political Mediation in Modern Conflict Resolution: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical scholarly resource that examines the pursuit of peace in global civil war and conflict through the use of mediation. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as intercultural communication, social psychology, and conflict theory, this publication is geared towards academicians, students, and researchers seeking relevant and current research on governmental approaches to pursuing peace in instances of conflict and strife.

It often seems today that no dispute is barred from resolution by arbitration. Even the fundamental question of whether a dispute falls under the exclusive jurisdiction of a judicial body may itself be arbitrable. Arbitrability is thus an elusive concept; yet a systematic study of it, as this book shows, yields innumerable guidelines and insights that are of substantial value to arbitral practice. Although the book takes the form of a collection of essays, it is designed as a comprehensive commentary on practical issues that emerge from the idea of arbitrability. Fifteen leading academics and practitioners from Europe and the United States each explore different facets of arbitrability always with a perspective open to international developments and comparative evaluation of standards. The presentation falls into two parts: in the first the focus is on the general features of arbitrability, its rationale and the laws applicable to it. In the second, arbitrability is specifically examined in the context of administrative, criminal, corporate, IP, financial, commercial, and criminal law This book has its origins in an International Conference on Arbitrability held at Athens in September 2005. Seven papers presented there are here reviewed and updated, and nine others are added. The subject of the book - arbitrability - is one that is much talked about, but seldom if ever given the in-depth treatment presented here. Arbitrators and other practitioners in the field will welcome the way the analysis moves logically from theory to practice regarding every issue, and academics will recognize a definitive treatment of arbitrability as understood and applied in the settlement of disputes today.

The Developing World of Arbitration studies the recent emergence of Asia Pacific jurisdictions as regional or international arbitration centres, thanks to various reform efforts and initiatives. This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the ways in which arbitration law and practice have recently been reformed in Asia Pacific jurisdictions. Leading contributors across the Asia Pacific region analyse twelve major jurisdictions representing varying patterns and degrees of development, whether driven from top down, bottom up, or by some hybrid impetus. Setting the arbitration systems and reforms of each investigated jurisdiction in the context of its economic, political, and judicial dynamics, this book presents, for the first-time, a cross-jurisdiction comparative and contextual study of the developing world of arbitration in the Asia Pacific and contributes to comparative international arbitration literature from an Eastern perspective. It also aims to identify an Asia Pacific model of arbitration modernisation, one that may be distinct from a Western model, and predicts future trajectories of development and challenge in light of the ever increasing competition between Eastern- and Western-based arbitration centres. This edited collection will be an invaluable addition to the libraries of academics and practitioners in the field of international commercial arbitration.

Lawyer, arbitrator, negotiator, educator, drafter, rapporteur - for 60 years Pieter Sanders has been in the eye of the storm as during this period arbitration grew into the world's preferred method for the resolution of commercial disputes. Drawing on his experiences, this book presents arguments and recommendations for: the main issues which may arise in any arbitration; a revision of the UNCITRAL model law; a harmonization of Rules on Conciliation and drafting a Model Law on Conciliation; and refining Codes of Ethics and Codes of Taking Evidence to strengthen bridges between cultural differences.

The focus of this study is the supervisory and regulatory framework for bank supervision in Thailand and the Thai authorities' efforts to modernize and restructure the Thai banking system. It examines the obstacles to this restructuring, which include economic difficulties in Thailand and the East Asia region in the 1990s as well as more fundamental historical, cultural and socio-economic factors that underpin Thai society. The book looks at the numerous banking statutes put in place in Thailand since the early 20th century, including legislation of the 1980s in response to problems involving fraud, insider dealing and solvency concerns. It examines how historically ambiguous structures of governmental responsibility and power, and a heavy emphasis on government discretion in regulation, have so far inhibited the effectiveness of this extensive body of legislation in developing a sound modern banking system. There follows an analysis of the 1997-1998 Thai Banking Crisis and ways in which lessons can be learned to avoid similar crises in future. The author argues for a greater degree of transparency in the regulatory process to bring it into line with internationally accepted standards, for increased supervisory implementation and enforcement by Thai governmental authorities, and for the ultimate depoliticization of the bank regulatory and supervisory processes.

This text is a second, revised edition of the original 1986 publication. Since that time, the issue of contract change has increasingly challenged the business community and legal practitioners. This edition studies the investor-host country relationship, on which successful investment is most dependent. In particular, the book studies the pressure by host countries for contract change and its counterpart - the investor's defence of contract stability. The book is essentially a reference handbook for legal practitioners. It analyzes a variety of increasingly important questions concerning international investment agreements that come under pressure for change by one of the contracting parties - either a transnational corporation or a host country government.

Since its creation at the epoch-making Hague Peace Conference of 1899, which was attended by 26 states, the Permanent Court of Arbitration has contributed significantly to the development of peaceful means to resolve international disputes. In case after case, the Court's tribunals have prevented international "incidents" and other tensions from flaring into open hostility, and set precedents that greatly curtail the justification of violence between nations. This centenary publication provides a resource for international lawyers and arbitrators. It provides: detailed summaries of all the awards, decisions and reports rendered by both arbitral tribunals and conciliation commissions, as well as by fact-finding commissions of inquiry, appointed by the Court throughout its 100-year history; a penetrating analysis of the signal contributions of the Permanent Court of Arbitration to international law and dispute resolution; and expert commentary on some of the procedural challenges faced and resolved by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, arguably the most important arbitral tribunal of the 20th century, whose inception at the PCA preceded a 20-year history of achievement. The book reveals the surprising modernity of this venerable institution. The record contained in these pages is sure to provide guidance to practitioners engaged in international dispute resolution as we move into the next millennium.

International arbitration has become the favored method of resolving disputes between business partners in almost every aspect of international trade, commerce, and investment. The resolution of a dispute by means of international arbitration provides the parties with an opportunity to resolve their disputes in a private, confidential, cost and time efficient manner before a neutral tribunal of their choice. However, challenges to arbitral jurisdiction have become a common practice in the field. Resolution of such challenges may significantly delay the resolution of the parties' primary substantive dispute, increase overall dispute resolution costs and even whittle down the benefits of the parties' bargain to arbitrate. Accordingly, adopting a proper approach to the resolution of such disputes becomes crucial to the efficacy of international arbitration as a system of dispute resolution. The present book provides a comparative analysis of the practice of three carefully selected legal orders: the English, German and Swiss and outlines possible ways forward. As the work strikes a balance between theory and practice, it will appeal to practitioners, researchers, but also students looking to develop their understanding of the international arbitration field.

This book identifies institutional mechanisms that can be used to promote consumer confidence in direct online sales with businesses (B2C e-commerce). It argues that enhancing the access to justice in a multidimensional sense can potentially offer an effective means of boosting consumer confidence. It introduces a conceptual framework for a multidimensional approach to access to justice in the context of consumer protection, describing the various reasonable criteria needed to satisfy consumer demands in B2C e-commerce. The framework, which reflects all essential aspects of consumers' expectations when they engage in online transactions, provides a benchmark for the evaluation of various consumer protection mechanisms. Based on an analysis of different mechanisms and using the framework's criteria, the practice of private ordering, which does not rely on the creation of rules of law but rather on the use of technology as a solution, appears to offer a meaningful way to enhance access to justice in B2C e-commerce. However, though private ordering holds considerable potential, certain weaknesses still need to be eliminated. This book demonstrates how private ordering can be successfully implemented with the help of an intermediary, a neutral third party that plays an integral part in the collaborative task of facilitating various aspects of private ordering, thus helping to limit the risks of failure and ensuring a fairer market setting. In order to move forward, it argues that the state, with its wealth of material resources and incentive options, is the institution best suited to acting as an intermediary in facilitating private ordering. This promising proposal can improve consumer protection, which will in turn boost consumer confidence.

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) provides international sport with a jurisdictional institution capable of settling all legal disputes relating to sport. Founded in 1984, the CAS is currently the only international institution specializing in the resolution of sports disputes. Its decisions are equivalent to the judgments of state courts. This volume contains a compilation of all the major decisions in English and French it has issued since its creation in 1986 up until 1998. This compilation is aimed at a wide readership. Those who practice law and sports organizations will find specialized judicial practice in this work and will certainly see within it the foundations of a rapidly emerging Lex Sportiva.