"Broad-based and inclusive financial systems significantly raise growth, alleviate poverty, and expand economic opportunity. Households, small enterprises, and the rural poor often have difficulty obtaining financial services for a multitude of reasons, including transaction costs, perceived risk, inadequate infrastructure, and information barriers. Yet many financial institutions are now making profitable inroads into underserved markets through formal banking, investment in equities, venture capital, postal banks, and microfinance. Access to Finance addresses the challenges of making financial systems more inclusive, emulating successful ventures in new markets, and utilizing technologies and government policies to support the expansion of financial access. The contributors examine many dimensions of financial access, including: * Measuring financial access * Understanding the impact of expanded access * Examining alternative institutional models * Exploring new technologies and information infrastructure * Evaluating government policies toward outreach. "

This edited collection comprehensively addresses the widespread regulatory challenges uncovered and changes introduced in financial markets following the 2007-2008 crisis, suggesting strategies by which financial institutions can comply with stringent new regulations and adapt to the pressures of close supervision while responsibly managing risk. It covers all important commercial banking risk management topics, including market risk, counterparty credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, fair lending risk, model risk, stress test, and CCAR from practical aspects. It also covers major components of enterprise risk management, a modern capital requirement framework, and the data technology used to help manage risk. Each chapter is written by an authority who is actively engaged with large commercial banks, consulting firms, auditing firms, regulatory agencies, and universities. This collection will be a trusted resource for anyone working in or studying the commercial banking industry.

Collected here for the first time in English, this comprehensive book, written by an experienced insider privy to the inner workings of China's vigorous financial reforms, examines China's most important markets (money, bonds, foreign exchange, and stock) and the policies that regulate them.

European economic and monetary union continues to be the subject of intense controversy, and the launch of a single currency in January 1999 served to concentrate this debate around one issue: is the euro in the interests of Europe? This pertinent book attempts to address this contentious question. The authors offer a sustained argument that the single currency as currently implemented does not promise to deliver prolonged growth. They contend that the economic impact of the euro, and its accompanying institutions, is likely to be destabilising and deflationary; that the political impact is profoundly undemocratic and that the social consequences are likely to be deleterious. They do not reject the concept of a single currency but are highly critical of policy arrangements such as the Stability and Growth Pact which govern the euro. The authors propose alternative policy and institutional arrangements within which the euro should be embedded. They demonstrate that these would have the benefits of a single currency whilst avoiding many of the potential costs identified by detractors. EMU will continue to cause huge changes in the social and economic sphere of Europe. This book does not attempt to polarise the debate by simply advocating for or against the euro, but instead puts the situation into context, identifies potential problems and proposes possible remedies. It will be required reading for economists, political scientists, politicians and policymakers.

Global capital markets have undergone fundamental transformations in recent years and, as a result, have become extraordinarily complex and opaque. Trading space is no longer measured in minutes or seconds but in time units beyond human perception: milliseconds, microseconds, and even nanoseconds. Technological advances have thus scaled up imperceptible and previously irrelevant time differences into operationally manageable and enormously profitable business opportunities for those with the proper high-tech trading tools. These tools include the fastest private communication and trading lines, the most powerful computers and sophisticated algorithms capable of speedily analysing incoming news and trading data and determining optimal trading strategies in microseconds, as well as the possession of gigantic collections of historic and real-time market data. Fragmented capital markets are also becoming a rapidly growing reality in Europe and Asia, and are an established feature of U.S. trading. This raises urgent market governance issues that have largely been overlooked. Global Algorithmic Capital Markets seeks to understand how recent market transformations are affecting core public policy objectives such as investor protection and reduction of systemic risk, as well as fairness, efficiency, and transparency. The operation and health of capital markets affect all of us and have profound implications for equality and justice in society. This unique set of chapters by leading scholars, industry insiders, and regulators discusses ways to strengthen market governance for the benefit of society at whole.

Improving Banking Supervision shows how greater market discipline can be used to help improve the quality of banks and their management in a world of increasing complexity, size, and innovation. The book is based on research undertaken in the Nordic countries and New Zealand, and set in an international context through reference and comparison to the experiences of banks throughout the EU and the US. The authors show how traditional methods of regulation, particularly across borders face limits and can impose substantial costs on customers. They propose alternatives for today's international banks, based on a network of incentives to prudential behavior and focusing on three main issues: the development of transparent corporate structures; the public disclosure of comparable meaningful information so that markets can assess banks; and the implementation of effective means to allow banks to exit without unacceptable costs to society.

This book addresses the financing of government budgets with non-debt-creating flows through risk-sharing capital market instruments. It offers a comparative analysis with conventional finance to demonstrate the ability of Islamic capital market instruments to create an impetus for economic stability and growth. Rizvi, Bacha, and Mirakhor guide readers chronologically through the unfolding effects of macroeconomic policy implemented to reduce crippling sovereign debt, increase government financing, and guide governments to the path of economic progress.

The ongoing digital transformation is shaping the Islamic mode of financial intermediation and the impact on the faith-based financial mode has been multifaceted. This has raised a host of interesting questions: what is the degree of penetration of Islamic finance in the fintech industry? Are Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) or banks ready to embrace fintech? Is fintech an enabler or barrier to achieve the intended purpose of Islamic finance? Will technology narrow the division between Islamic and conventional finance in the future? These are existential questions for Islamic finance and the book endeavors to examine the impact of financial technology on the industry. The book assesses various fintech business models and how they could be a threat or an opportunity. It also examines whether fintech provides IFIs an edge to serve clients following the Shariah norms and how the adoption of fintech in the Islamic mode is required for meeting the maqasid Al Shariah. The book discusses applicability of fintech like blockchain, digital currency, big data, and AI to different branches of Islamic finance. This book will interest students, analysts, policymakers, and regulators who are working on Islamic finance, financial economics, Islamic economics, and development finance.

This book examines India's new economy -- its strengths, weaknesses and potential. The book covers three key areas of growth in India's economy -- the IT (information technology) sector, export trade (with its externality effects) and the financial sector (in particular, banking reforms).

The book describes the current role and rationale of co-operative banking and examines features such as governance, consolidation, outsourcing, shareholder value and rating evaluation. It then analyses the likely impact on the strategic, organisational and operative model of cooperative banks.

Since the 1997 Asian financial crisis, countries in East Asia have made efforts to promote regional monetary and financial cooperation to complement the evolving international financial architecture. This increased interest in regional monetary and financial cooperation has resulted in several initiatives - the ASEAN Surveillance Process, the ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers Process including its Chiang Mai Initiative of 2000, the Manila Framework Group and the Asia-Europe Finance Ministers Process to name a few. These developments in some ways represent a significant break from the past. Going forward the key challenge is how to set priorites and sequence developments so as to smooth the path to a new regional financial architecture. This two-volume set takes up the issue of developing a road map of policy options, both at the regional and country levels, for carrying forward the ongoing efforts in monetary and financial cooperation in East Asia. Building on a series of core reports and background papers by eminent economists and policymakers around the world commissioned under an ADB technical assistance project, the books explore what is feasible and desirable in regional monetary and financial cooperation and lays out a road map for putting the concept into action over the next several years. Volume 1 contains an overview by Peter Montiel, and three core studies by Olam Chaipravat, Eric Girardin, and Takatoshi Ito and Yung-Chul Park. Volume 2 contains background papers by Robert J. Barro; Elbliog'onore Boiscuvier and Alfred Steinherr; Barry Eichengreen; Jeffrey A. Frankel; Eric Girardin; Jong-Wha Lee; Yung-Chul Park and Kwanho Shin; Ronald McKinnon; Eiji Ogawa, Takatoshi Ito, and YuriNagataki Sasaki; Ramkishen Rajan and Reza Siregar; Yunjong Wang and Wing Thye Woo; and Charles Wyplosz. The volumes and the study on which they were based were conceptualized, supervised, and coordinated by Pradumna B. Rana and Srinivasa Madhur.

This book aims to overcome the limitations the variations in bank-specifics impose by providing a bank-specific valuation theoretical framework and a new asset-side model. The book includes also a constructive comparison of equity and asset side methods. The authors present a novel framework entitled, the "Asset Mark-down Model". This method incorporates an Adjusted Present Value model, which allows practitioners to identify the main value creation sources of a particular bank: from asset-based cash flow and the mark-down on deposits, to tax benefits on bearing liabilities. Through the implementation of this framework, the authors offer a more accurate and more specific approach to valuing banks.

This book informs a renewed movement for fair lending and fair housing. Leading advocates and specialists examine strategic initiatives to realize objectives of the federal Fair Housing Act as well as state and local laws Well-known fair housing and fair lending activists and organizers examine the implications of the new wave of fair housing activism generated by Occupy Wall Street protests and the many successes achieved in fair housing and fair lending over the years. The book reveals the limitations of advocacy efforts and the challenges that remain. Best directions for future action are brought to light by staff of fair housing organizations, fair housing attorneys, community and labor organizers, and scholars who have researched social justice organizing and advocacy movements. The book is written for general interest and academic audiences. Contributors address the foreclosure crisis, access to credit in a changing marketplace, and the immoral hazards of big banks. They examine opportunities in collective bargaining available to homeowners and how low-income and minority households were denied access to historically low home prices and interest rates. Authors question the effectiveness of litigation to uphold the Fair Housing Act's promise of nondiscriminatory home loans and ask how the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is assuring fair lending. They also look at where immigrants stand, housing as a human right, and methods for building a movement.

Sabanes-Oxley is a recent development in US law that will affect both US and non-US firms seeking to comply with corporate governance initiatives. There is particular relevance to the financial services industry not just because of the fundamental applicability of corporate governance to the firms themselves, but because the firms act on behalf of many thousands of institutional shareholders who have similar concerns over both the companies they invest in as well as the duty of their custodians. This means that there are issues of compliance, risk management and fiduciary duty applicable to these firms and to the financial institutions involved in their affairs. McGill and Sheppey illustrate the broader context requiring investors and custodians to meet the regulatory needs of specific jurisdiction and how best to structure overall business models to meet multi-layer legal and operational framework.

This annotated bibliography includes more than 360 titles on the savings and loan crisis and, by extension, savings and loan viability or profitability. The volume covers works published from 1980 to 1992, including both scholarly and popular titles. Most of the titles included are books or research papers. Dissertations are included only when the author or title are of particular note. The book includes both author and subject indexes.

Hardbound. The EMU and the Euro are transforming European banking institutions, regulations, performance, and bank-state relationships. This book analyzes these dynamic challenges and processes. It presents contemporary and historical perspectives to guide an informed understanding of European banks, banking culture, and the role of the banking sector in the EMU's new financial and competitive environment.

"Euro on Trial looks back - to the aspirations of the founders - and forward - to the possibility of reform or splitting up. After five years of experience with the new currency, new insights are possible into the old arguments for and against union. Monetary union is reversible in part or in whole and this book assesses the costs and benefits. Brown examines several mainstream scenarios for the future of the euro in these essential readings for market practitioners as well as academics. For example, how long will the euro survive? The author shows that the answer depends principally on Germany. Any of the small or medium-sized economies could leave monetary union without threatening its existence. But were Germany to pull out it is highly doubtful whether there would be a core of countries that would perserve inside. Germany's membership so far has brought much disappointment. How many more years of disillusion are required before the question of EMU reform or break-up enters the mainstream of German political debate?

This book examines the effectiveness of surveillance by international institutions for financial crisis prevention. It discusses issues relating to designing effective micro- and macro-prudential policies, their mixes and their coordination with monetary policies for achieving financial stability while promoting better macroeconomic performance.

Banking markets have experienced a general trend towards conglomeration in recent years which has been facilitated by the deregulation of banks' activities. A particular feature of financial conglomeration has been the diversification of banks into insurance activities, and especially life insurance. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept and market characteristics of the bancassurance phenomenon. It also evaluates the impact on banking risks associated with diversification into the insurance business.

This book analyzes the relative balance of bargaining power between governments and the banks in charge of underwriting their debt during the first financial globalization. Brazil and Mexico, both indebted countries that underwent major changes in reputation and negotiating power as they faced financial crises, provide valuable case studies of government strategies for obtaining the best possible outcomes. Previous literature has focused on bankers' perspectives and emphasized that debtors were submissive during negotiations, but Weller finds that governments' negotiating power varied over time. He presents a new analytical framework that interprets when and why officials were likely to negotiate loans more or less effectively, with newly uncovered primary sources from debtors' and creditors' archives suggesting key causes of variation: fiscal accounts, political stability, and creditors' exposure and reputation.

Dr. Kwaw provides a wide-ranging discussion of the offshore banking and finance process, structure, and law--including, among other topics, eurocurrency wholesale deposits, international funds transfers, eurocurrency syndicated loans, eurosecurities issues, securities regulation, and swap-driven financing. Kwaw discusses both the deposit and credit sides of the offshore banking and finance market, then takes readers through a hands-on description of the nature of a eurocurrency deposit, the laws governing such deposits, and the common law of funds transfers. On the credit side, Kwaw treats regulations and common law rules for offshore banking and finance, including Exchange controls, U.S. and U.K. securities regulation, and governing law issues. A useful, readable book for professionals in banking, finance, investment and their academic colleagues.

Dr. KwaW's book is a discussion of the structure and process of offshore banking and finance and the common law and regulations that govern offshore banking and finance activities. This wide-ranging introduction to the facet of offshore banking, usually referred to as the eurocurrency market, treats not only the deposit side of the eurocurrency market--the deposit and placement of wholesale funds in foreign currency--but also the process by which funds that are deposited in offshore accounts are either loaned to borrowers or transformed into other financial assests such as eurosecurities.

On the deposit side of the market, Kwaw discusses the process of placing wholesale deposits into offshore accounts, and the interbank placement of such funds by eurobanks or banks that engage in wholesale transactions involving foreign currency. On the credit side he looks at the various financing methods--how the funds that are deposited in offshore bank accounts or eurocurrency accounts are then made available to investors and borrowers. The credit side thus includes the nature of syndicated eurcurrency loans, the nature and process of issuing eurobonds and other eurosecurities, and offshore financing methods such as swap-driven financing. Kwaw then examines the framework of common law rules and other regulations. From the deposit side he discusses the nature of legal relationships between parties to offshore currency deposits and parties involved in international funds transfers, then the nature of the legal relationship between offshore banks and funds transfer networks and the laws governing funds transfers. On the credit side he studies the laws governing international financial transactions, the exchange controls that may be imposed on offshore banking and financing transactions, the legal relationship between parties to syndicated eurocurrency loan agreements and the law governing them, the relationship and law covering parties to eurosecurities issues, and finally the legal relationship between parties to swap-driven financing. An important, readable, useful book for professionals in banking, finance, investment, and their academic colleagues.

Increasingly the world's largest banks have more activity happening internationally. What are the effects of internationalization, and what is a successful business model for the future? This book explores the formulation, implementation and evaluation of internationalization strategies, examining those of the leading banks in eight countries.

This is an applications-oriented text that demystifies the linkages between monetary and fiscal policies and key macroeconomic variables such as income, unemployment, inflation and interest rates. Specially written "newspaper" articles simulate current macroeconomic news on asset-price bubbles, exchange rates, hyperinflation and more. Exercises and diagrams, and a global perspective - incorporating both developed and emerging economies - make this a broadly useful, real-world oriented text on a complex and shifting subject.

This book explains how banking institutions in Portugal were able to maintain their strength and solubility while undergoing a demanding Program of Financial Assistance from the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission from May 2011 and May 2014.

Catherine Gwin examines the evolution of U.S. policy toward the World Bank and the impact of the United States on the institution's policies and operations. Beginning with the U.S. role in the start-up of the Bank, Gwin describes the ebb and flow of the U.S. support: the increasing activism of Congress in U.S.-World Bank policy starting in the 1970s, the breakdown in the bipartisan character of support for the Bank in the early 1980s, followed by renewed U.S. attention in response to the debt crisis, and the later entry of Russia and other transforming economies into the Bank. Gwin disputes both those who see the Bank as under the thumb of the United States and those who see it as unresponsive to U.S. concerns. She suggests that the U.S. policy toward the World Bank has always reflected an underlying ambivalence toward both development assistance and multilateral cooperation. As a result, U.S. policy in the Bank has been erraticoften reflecting the swings in U.S. politics and foreign policy rather than presenting a coherent view of the development financing role of the World Bank and a rigorous concern for the effectiveness of Bank operations.