Why do we need to focus on crime and violence prevention in children, adolescents and young adults? Because it is vital to start when offending behaviours first appear. If we fail to stop initial acts of antisocial tendencies and criminality, then these actions become the staging point for a life-long trajectory into adult crime. Breaking the offending cycle during its early stages is one of the most cost effective ways of building a less violent and crime-ridden future society. The reader might well ask: "How is it possible to break the offending cycle and reduce crime on a local, national and international scale?" The well-worn response has oscillated between the introduction of punitive harsher penalties' and offender rehabilitation program initiatives. The choice of which of these two approaches holds sway depends on the political agenda of the government in power. Whilst various aspects of each approach have been successful in deterring crime and violence to some extent, they have not been successful enough, as crime and violence perpetration remains a perplexing social issue. What emanates out of the presented research is the emergence of a third global values-driven educative approach to crime and violence prevention, which is slowly beginning to be implemented. This third approach works by challenging and changing the existing pervasive belief that crime and violence are inevitable. The exciting prospect for governments, police, and criminologists is that it is not prohibitively expensive; it complements the existing punitive and rehabilitative approaches, and it is implementable on an offender-by-offender, family-by-family, community-by-community and society-by-society basis. In this regard, examples of current crime and violence prevention initiatives are presented. The book deems which ones are and are not effective in reducing offenses, as well as introduces the steps being considered to introduce a global values-driven educative approach to crime and violence prevention.

It has long been suggested that poverty was responsible for a criminal underclass emerging in Britain during the nineteenth century. Until quite recently, historians did little to challenge this perception. Using innovative quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques, this book looks in detail at some of the causal factors that motivated the poorer classes to commit crime, or act in ways that transgressed acceptable standards of behaviour. It demonstrates how the strategies that these individuals employed varied between urban and rural environments, and shows how the poor railed against legislative reforms that threatened the solvency of their households. In the process, this book provides the first solid appreciation of the complex relationship between crime and poverty in two distinct socio-economic regions between 1830 and 1885.

Crime Prevention: Approaches, Practices, and Evaluations, 9th Edition, meets the needs of students and instructors for engaging, evidence-based, impartial coverage of the origins of crime, as well as of public policy that can reduce or prevent deviance. The book examines a range of approaches to preventing crime and elucidates their respective goals. Strategies include primary prevention measures designed to prevent conditions that foster deviance; secondary prevention measures directed toward persons or conditions with a high potential for deviance; and tertiary prevention measures to deal with persons who have already committed crimes. This edition provides research and information on all aspects of crime prevention, including the physical environment and crime, neighborhood crime prevention programs, community policing, crime in schools, and electronic monitoring and home confinement. Lab offers a thorough and well-rounded discussion of the many sides of the crime prevention debate, in clear and accessible language.

Identity theft tax refund fraud is a persistent, evolving threat to honest taxpayers and tax administration. It occurs when an identity thief files a fraudulent tax return using a legitimate taxpayer's identifying information and claims a refund. This book examines what IRS knows about the extent of IDT refund fraud and additional actions IRS can take to combat IDT refund fraud using third-party information from, for example, employers and financial institutions. The book also assesses the quality of IRS's IDT refund fraud cost estimates, and IRS's progress in developing processes to enhance taxpayer authentication

What explains the law-abidingness of late Victorian England? A number of modern historians contend that the answer lies with the effectiveness of policing, and with the imposition of a 'policeman-state' in Victorian and Edwardian England. Victor Bailey reveals that historians have overestimated the extent to which policemen were able or willing to intervene in the daily behaviour of inhabitants to suppress law breaking.

Crime prevention that works - the goal of much government and corporate policy - can be difficult to discover amongst obscure and tedious academic texts. Yet, now more than ever, we need sophisticated government and corporate crime prevention policies that produce results.This book of research, policy and practice provides a clear and up-to-date guide to what works and what constitutes best practice across a range of crime prevention and security management applications and issues. It also fills a gap in the literature in regard to the integration of environmentally-based crime prevention science and applied security work.Aimed primarily at a practitioner audience, it is a concise and informative entre into the field and helps convey some of the main principles, methods and sources in crime prevention. Guidance on further secondary research is also provided.A must read for all crime prevention project managers, security managers, policy officers, students, and researchers.

The "Personal Safety and Security Playbook" is designed for anyone who may benefit from shared community safety and security responsibilities. Chapters are organized by areas of concern, from personal risk awareness to protection and security considerations for family, home, travel, and work. The guidelines included help the reader recognize personal safety and security hazards, take proactive prevention steps, and react reasonably to danger with beneficial outcomes.

A full chapter of local and national resources for personal security is included at the end of the "Personal Safety and Security Playbook. "

The"Personal Safety and Security Playbook"is a part of Elsevier s Security Executive Council Risk Management Portfolio, a collection of real world solutions and "how-to" guidelines that equip executives, practitioners, and educators with proven information for successful security and risk management programs.
Chapters are organized by area of concern and cover everything related to personal safety and security, including protection for the family, home, during travel, and at workEmphasizes that risk awareness, reporting, response, and mitigation are shared community concernsIncludes a full chapter of local and national personal security resources"

The "Physical Security Strategy and Process Playbook" is a concise yet comprehensive treatment of physical security management in the business context. It can be used as an educational tool, help a security manager define security requirements, and serve as a reference for future planning.

This book is organized into six component parts around the central theme that physical security is part of sound business management. These components include an introduction to and explanation of basic physical security concepts; a description of the probable security risks for more than 40 functional areas in business; security performance guidelines along with a variety of supporting mitigation strategies; performance specifications for each of the recommended mitigation strategies; guidance on selecting, implementing, and evaluating a security system; and lists of available physical security resources.

The "Physical Security Strategy and Process Playbook" is an essential resource for anyone who makes security-related decisions within an organization, and can be used as an instructional guide for corporate training or in the classroom.

The" Physical Security Strategy and Process Playbook" is a part of Elsevier s Security Executive Council Risk Management Portfolio, a collection of real world solutions and "how-to" guidelines that equip executives, practitioners, and educators with proven information for successful security and risk management programs.
Chapters are categorized by issues and cover the fundamental concepts of physical security up to high-level program procedures Emphasizes performance guidelines (rather than standards) that describe the basic levels of performance to be achievedDiscusses the typical security risks that occur in more than 40 functional areas of an organization, along with security performance guidelines and specifications for eachCovers the selection, implementation, and evaluation of a robust security system"

"Workplace Security Playbook: The New Manager s Guide to Security Risk" is a set of comprehensive risk management guidelines for companies that have other business functions coordinating security. When an employee without a security background is charged with the protection of people, facilities, or assets, the "Workplace Security Playbook" can be his or her go-to resource for security procedures and recommendations.

Business risks are not static: They change and grow as a company changes and grows. New technology, increasing business competition, and social and cultural developments all contribute to new security risks and trends. With this in mind, the "Workplace Security Playbook" focuses on performance guidelines, rather than prescriptive standards. Using performance guidelines helps assess the individual, changing business and security needs that a manager may face.

The easily implementable recommendations included in this book are categorized by issues. In addition to security performance guidelines, topics include the elements of a facility security program, how to conduct security surveys and validation testing, steps for performing workplace investigations and inspections, and procedures for emergency and special security situations. An entire chapter is dedicated to describing the resources available to a new security manager, and another provides an outline for building a customized reference source of local security information.

The"Workplace Security Playbook"is a part of Elsevier s Security Executive Council Risk Management Portfolio, a collection of real world solutions and "how-to" guidelines that equip executives, practitioners, and educators with proven information for successful security and risk management programs.
Chapters are categorized by issues for easy reference, and include the fundamentals of a security program up to high-level procedures Guidelines are specifically designed for companies that have other business functions coordinating securityEmphasizes performance guidelines (rather than standards) that describe the basic levels of performance that will strengthen business operations while accommodating what resources are currently available"

A volume in Peace Education Series Editors Edward Brantmeier, James Madison University, Jing Lin, University of Maryland, and Ian Harris, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, To truly move toward a more peaceful society, it is imperative that peace education better address structural and institutional violence. This requires that it be integrated into institutions outside of schools and universities. Doing so will be challenging, as many of these institutions are structured on domination and control, not on partnership and shared power. In particular, U.S. criminal justice, social services and prevention programs, and sport have tended to be dominator-modeled. This book offers analysis and suggestions for overcoming these challenges and for integrating peace education into important social institutions. Creativity will be one of the most useful assets in moving peace education from schools to other institutions. This book argues that with creative visioning, collaboration, and implementation, peace education can be integrated into the most challenging situations and provide hope for holistic changes in our society.

This timely and important book highlights the multiple, often overlooked, and frequently misunderstood connections between land use and development policies and policing practices. In order to do so, the book draws upon multiple literatures - especially law, history, economics, sociology, and psychology - as well as concrete case studies to better explore how these policy arenas, generally treated as completely unrelated, intersect and conflict. Nicole Stelle Garnett identifies different types of urban "disorder," some that may be precursors to serious crime and social deviancy; others that may be benign or even contribute positively to urban vitality. The book's unique approach - to analyze city policies through the lens of order and disorder - provides a clearer understanding, generally, of how cities work (and why they sometimes do not), and specifically, of what disorder is and how it affects city life.

The current financial crisis poses many challenges to all countries and is having a significant impact on economies and societies throughout the world. The need for funds might lower financial institutions' vigilance as to the provenance of those funds. Supervisors also might prudently be focusing on coping with the crisis, affecting their supervision of measures for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). It will take increased efforts to ensure that AML/CFT concerns remain a priority for both banks and their supervisors. Effective supervision is central to the success of a country's AML/CFT system. However, fieldwork in both developed and developing countries has shown an overall low compliance in the supervision of banks and other financial institutions. In fact, supervisory compliance with AML/CFT recommendations is generally lower than the average level of compliance with other recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). By providing examples of good practices, ""Preventing Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing"" will help countries improve AML/CFT supervision in the banking sector. This practical guide supports the implementation of international standards established by the FATF and other bodies by providing examples of AML/CFT supervisory regimes in both developed and developing countries, describing the implementation of good practices in AML/CFT supervision and enforcement, and giving practical advice on how a particular jurisdiction might incorporate AML/CFT into its supervisory regime. Designed specifically for bank supervisors, this guide will also be of interest to readers working in the areas of finance, corruption prevention, law, accounting, and corporate governance.

Crime is never unpredictable. Before a lie is spoken, a pocket is picked, or an assault is inflicted, there are silent cues: a nonverbal language that speaks loud and clear if you're trained to see it. Filled with fascinating real-life stories of crime and survival, "Crime Signals" is a comprehensive guide designed to help you stay alert to the warning signs of a wide array of offenses. From the telltale signals of a swindler, to the warning signs that experts use to help thwart violent crime and terrorism, "Crime Signals" breaks down a criminal's body language into clear, recognizable symbols. What does a pointed finger tell you about whether someone is lying? Is a shoulder-shrug a safety signal - or a warning of violence? What were the clues that gave away white-collar offenders such as Martha Stewart and Andrew Fastow? Answering these questions and more, David Givens, a foremost expert in nonverbal communication, offers an instructive, intriguing, and essential tool for warding off crime and protecting your safety and your family's.

Scholars in various disciplines are recommending comprehensive measures to solve multiple societal as well as individual problems. The philosophy of "community education" has been overlooked but is a workable, comprehensive approach to addressing crime. As used in this book, community education is a philosophy, process, and program comprised of three overriding and interrelated elements: community empowerment, community problem-solving, and the effort to involve all community members in the pursuit of lifelong learning. The Hyde Park neighborhood in St. Louis has one of the highest rates of reported drug sales and high rates of homicide, robbery, aggravated assault, arson, and burglary. The community lays claim to several crime-inducing variables including population loss, a high percentage of population shift resulting in a higher percentage of black population and boarded-up housing units, a high rate of unemployment, a very low per capita income and a high percentage of citizens living below the poverty line, and a high percentage of female-headed households. Nevertheless, the people of Hyde Park are participating in a crime prevention approach that is applicable to all communities. Insights to urban life and problem solving are provided by community members, covering such topics as policing and how it can be improved. These insights and others offered by the author are supported by theories and philosophies found in the literature. In the process of solving their own problems, community members involve themselves in lifelong learning activities and leadership development. Written in a style that is appealing to the general public as well as academics, it is of special interest toeducators, community leaders, criminologists, academics in urban affairs and sociology, social workers, law enforcement agents, and politicians.

Conceived and written by a scholar who has been active for many years both in Europe and the United States, the text will be an invaluable aid to advanced students and scholars of sociology and criminology on both sides of the Atlantic.

The high-technology crime investigator's profession is one of the fastest growing professions in the world today, as information security issues and crimes related to them are growing in number and magnitude at an ever-increasing pace. "High-Technology Crime Investigator's Handbook, Second Edition," informs professionals of the potential risks of computer crimes, and serves as a guide to establishing and managing a high-technology crime investigative program. Each chapter is updated with the latest information and guidance, including added coverage of computer forensics and additional metrics to measure organizational performance. In addition, nine new chapters cover emerging trends in the field, and offer invaluable guidance on becoming a successful high-technology crime investigator.
* Provides an understanding of the global information environment and its threats
* Explains how to establish a high-technology crime investigations unit and prevention program
* Presents material in an engaging, easy-to-follow manner that will appeal to investigators, law enforcement professionals, corporate security and information systems security professionals; as well as corporate and government managers

Situational crime prevention and problem-oriented policing (POP) have made rapid progress during the past two decades. But these two related approaches have in the past neglected implementation, the stage when prevention measures are put into practice. The contributing authors to this volume are all researchers with a long-standing interest in crime prevention, who have also been directly involved in implementing situational or problem-oriented projects. Their chapters provide both practical guidance and general principles concerning how to get the most out of crime prevention projects. Chapter topics include: lessons derived from POP projects; the role of project management in community safety initiatives; conflicts and tensions in implementing crime reduction measures; a case study of POP implementation without self-interest; how central agencies should support local programs; mistaking tactics for strategy in crime reduction initiatives; lessons from England on success and failure; mindsets, set minds and implementation; and, guidance and good practice in crime prevention.

In October 2002, the Toronto Star ran a series of feature articles on racial profiling in which it was indicated that Toronto police routinely target young Black men when making traffic stops. The articles drew strong reactions from the community, and considerable protest from the media, politicians, law enforcement officials, and other public authorities. Although the articles were supported by substantial documentation and statistical evidence, the Toronto Police Association sued the Star, claiming that no such evidence existed. The lawsuit was ultimately rejected in court. As a result, however, the issue of racial profiling - a practice in which certain criminal activities are attributed to individuals or groups on the basis of race or ethno-racial background - was thrust into the national spotlight. In this comprehensive and thought-provoking work, Carol Tator and Frances Henry explore the meaning of racial profiling in Canada as it is practised not only by the police but also by many other social institutions. The authors provide a theoretical framework within which they examine racial profiling from a number of perspectives and in a variety of situations. They analyse the discourses of the media, policing officials, politicians, civil servants, judges, and other public authorities to demonstrate how those in power communicate and produce existing racialized ideologies and social relations of inequality through their common interactions. Chapter 3, by contributing author Charles Smith, provides a comparison of experiences of racial profiling and policing in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Chapter 7, by Maureen Brown, through a series of interviews, presents stories that demonstrate the realities of racial profiling in the everyday experiences of Afro-Canadians and ethno-racial minorities. Informed by a wealth of research and theoretical approaches from a wide range of disciplines, Racial Profiling in Canada makes a major contribution to the literature and debates on a topic of growing concern. Together the authors present a compelling examination of the pervasiveness of racial profiling in daily life and its impact on our society, while suggesting directions for change.

'The Truce' highlights the difference in interpretations among combatants, witnesses, and law enforcement agents and others whose actions often had unintended consequences. Umemoto provides guidance for policymakers and concerned members of the public faced with violence in an ever-changing urban landscape.

This ethnography of a gang war in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Oakwood, just blocks from the famed Venice Beach boardwalk, provides a rare eyewitness account of the urban violence pervasive in the recent history of the United States. With seventeen people killed and more than fifty injured, the hostilities over ten months in 1993 and 1994 marked the peak of gang violence in the history of Los Angeles, a city once labeled the "gang capital of the nation." The conflict began as a quarrel among individuals, some of whom had gang affiliations. Over time, the feud engulfed families and soon grew into a sustained clash between African American and Latino gangs. Eventually, victims fell who were not members of opposing gangs, but who fit certain racial and gender profiles. The conflict began to take on the attributes of what one local newspaper sensationalized as a "race war."Karen Umemoto lived nearby during this conflict and undertook two years of ethnographic research during and immediately following the spate of killings. She now offers a nuanced analysis of the trajectory and eventual end of this acute crisis. Her interviews with gang members, neighborhood residents, business leaders, police officers, and gang-intervention workers reveal the complexity of contemporary American urban conflict. The Truce highlights the differences in interpretations among combatants, witnesses, and law enforcement agents and others whose actions often had unintended consequences. Drawing on her experience living in multicultural Los Angeles and on the latest scholarship in a wide variety of disciplines, Umemoto provides much-needed guidance for policymakers and concerned members of the public faced with violence in an ever-changing urban landscape.

The physical security of IT, network, and telecommunications assets is equally as important as cyber security. We justifiably fear the hacker, the virus writer and the cyber terrorist. But the disgruntled employee, the thief, the vandal, the corporate foe, and yes, the terrorist can easily cripple an organization by doing physical damage to IT assets. In many cases such damage can be far more difficult to recover from than a hack attack or malicious code incident. It does little good to have great computer security if wiring closets are easily accessible or individuals can readily walk into an office and sit down at a computer and gain access to systems and applications.
Even though the skill level required to hack systems and write viruses is becoming widespread, the skill required to wield an ax, hammer, or fire hose and do thousands of dollars in damage is even more common. Although many books cover computer security from one perspective or another, they do not thoroughly address physical security. This book shows organizations how to design and implement physical security plans. It provides practical, easy-to-understand and readily usable advice to help organizations to improve physical security for IT, network, and telecommunications assets.
* Expert advice on identifying physical security needs
* Guidance on how to design and implement security plans to prevent the physical destruction of, or tampering with computers, network equipment, and telecommunications systems
* Explanation of the processes for establishing a physical IT security function
* Step-by-step instructions on how to accomplish physical security objectives
* Illustrations of the major elements of a physical IT security plan
* Specific guidance on how to develop and document physical security methods and procedures

This book addresses the ethics of situational crime prevention. Are situational crime prevention strategies likely to constrain unduly peoples freedom of movement? Do such strategies involve an intrusive scrutiny of peoples everyday activities? Can ethical principles be developed that would help distinguish acceptable from unacceptable forms of intervention? It also examines the place of situational crime prevention within criminology. To what extent does its emergence represent a basic shift in thinking about the nature of crime, and about prospects and strategies for dealing with it? To what extent is crime being treated as a normal risk to be managed? How far does situational crime prevention place responsibility for crime prevention beyond the state apparatus to the organizations and institutions of civil society? What are the social and political implications of doing so? These questions are addressed by twelve distinguished criminologists in the papers which make up the book.

One of the few real self-protection guides on the market today, this book will teach you first and foremost how to avoid violent situations. But should you find yourself in one, it will also show you how to control yourself and your emotions so you can function on a physical level to defend yourself.