As the name indicates, KOINON is a journal that encourages contributions to the study of classical numismatics from a wide variety of perspectives. The journal includes papers concerning iconography, die studies, provenance research, forgery analysis, translations of excerpts from antiquarian works, specialized bibliographies, corpora of rare varieties and types, ethical questions on laws and collecting, book reviews, and more. The editorial advisory board is made up of members from all over the world, with a broad range of expertise covering virtually all the major categories of classical numismatics from archaic Greek coinage to late Medieval coinage.

The minting of coinage in a territory without previous monetary history or tradition reflects a series of political, social and cultural changes that took place in order to make it possible. Such changes can be traced in the archaeological record thanks to elements apparently as different as coins, ceramics, epigraphy, funerary rites or architecture; these changes thus emerge as some of the most significant points in the colonization process that took place throughout the second century B.C. and at the beginning of the next century in the valley of Cabrera de Mar (ancient Ilduro) and the Laietani territory. This book is exclusively devoted to the mint of Ilduro, its main goal being to study not only the issues produced by the workshop in detail, but also the role that this coinage had in the monetarization of a changing society, that of the Laietani, which had never previously needed to use coinage. To do so, the author of this study endeavours to answer the following questions in as much depth as possible: Who minted the coins? Why? What for? How? Where? When? How many? With the aim of answering the aforementioned questions, this volume has been organized into ten chapters divided in three broader sections dedicated to studying, specifically, each one of the aspects involved in the production of this mint. The chapters considering the location of the workshop and the legends used are fundamental to answer the questions of who minted the coins and where. On the other hand, aspects such as metrology, typology and the technique (metallographic analysis) used by the mint are essential to understand how the coins were minted, and also to put forward a hypothesis as regards the use given to the coin issues discussed in the present study. Finally, the chapters dedicated to the production, classification and chronology of the issues should answer such important questions as when and how much money was put into circulation. This is a book that, in addition to increasing our knowledge of Iberian numismatics, brings us closer to the evolution and production of the coin issues minted in present-day northeastern Spain in general and to the Ilduro workshop in particular.

The book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive account of the collecting and study of coins in Britain from 1500 to 1750. Many new discoveries, such as the existence of a Tudor royal collection, have been made in the course of the research. In addition, important scholars and collectors have been identified, who are otherwise virtually unknown, such as James Cole, John Harrison, Simonds D'Ewes, John Marsham and Francis Sambrooke. The development of the early university collections, at Cambridge and Oxford is also described. Many unpublished documents have been identified, transcribed and, when in Latin, translated. Most are from the British and Bodleian Libraries, but many other manuscript sources have also been used, in the UK and abroad. The book is divided into 37 chapters, which are broadly chronological, with several thematic treatments interspersed. 73 appendices cover specific topics. Finally, there is a substantial 'Register', a catalogue raisonee of all the people who are known to have had an interest.

The treasure of Buseyra is preserved in the museum of Deir az-Zour in Syria. The coins in the hoard cover a large period from the Sassanian Sovereign Khusro II (590/1-628) until the terminal date 331H/ 941. These coins offer precious information, not only about a large number of mints but about the periods and quantities of minting activity. This treasure is important because it is the first complete hoard of the 10th century discovered in the al-Djazira area. According to Tomas Noonan, the Middle East and Central Asian hoards only amount to ten per cent of the treasures found in northern and eastern Europe and the Nordic countries. In comparing contemporaneous 10th-century silver hoards, and especially the relation between the numbers of coin dies and their representation of their products, we can obtain insights into the flows of money and the balance of payments for each area and each minting city.

Like the popes in Rome, the Prince-Bishops of Salzburg ruled over substantial territories as secular princes. Salt, Sword, and Crozier highlights their dual authority-the princely sword and the bishop's staff or crozier-and the basis of their economic power in their control of natural resources such as salt. The exhibition showcases books from the Salzburg prince-bishop's seminary library that were printed from the fifteenth through the early-nineteenth century, supplemented by coins minted under the authority of successive archbishops beginning in the twelfth century and ending in 1786.

The Royal Victorian Order is one of the less well-known components of the United Kingdom honours system. From its creation in 1896 it has been conferred specifically for service to the Sovereign and to other members of the Royal Family, and entirely at the discretion of the reigning monarch.

Potamikon attempts to solve a question that has perplexed scholars for hundreds of years: Who exactly is the man-faced bull featured so often on Greek coinage? It approaches this question by examining the origin of the iconography and traces its development throughout various Mediterranean cultures, finally arriving in Archaic and Classical Greece in the first millennium BC. Within the context of Greek coinage, the authors review all the past arguments for the identity of the man-faced bull before incorporating the two leading theories (Local River Gods vs. Acheloios) into a new theory of local embodiments of Acheloios, thereby preserving the sanctity of the local rivers while recognizing Acheloios as the original god of all water. The second part of the book exhibits many of these 'Sinews of Acheloios' as they appear throughout the Greek world on bronze coinage, in each case paying careful attention to the reasons a specific group adopted the iconography and shedding further light on the mythos of Acheloios.

Some three and a half centuries ago, Britain was convulsed by a series of civil wars. The names of its participants and major battles Oliver Cromwell and Charles I, Cavaliers and Roundheads, Edgehill and Dunbar are still well known today. These wars saw the introduction of medals as rewards for gallantry and campaign service. This book places these medals within the historical context of the times.

In Strings Attached, poet Diane DeCillis takes inspiration from the story of the elephant calf with a thin rope tied to its leg. Even when it grows into a massive animal, the elephant thinks the same string still restrains it and never attempts to break free. This powerful, funny and sometimes self-deprecating collection considers all the ways that strings bind us in relationships and explores their constant tightening and loosening. Although we may never sever the strings attached to our wounds, DeCillis shows that when given enough slack we can create the illusion of having been set free. The poems in Strings Attached consider tension in a variety of relationships. The short string of an American girl raised in Detroit by a resentful Lebanese grandmother whose culture values boys over girls. The attachment to a strong mother who exemplifies feminism but who is mostly absent in order to support the family. The cosmopolitan father who abandons but captivates and the strings of relationships with older men, built on longing for the missing father. The long strings of a secret life that teach you to be distant. The strings that cuff you to your home and the triumph of loosening them after years of agoraphobia. The frayed strings that come from being too American in a Lebanese culture. The strings of food and tradition that connect to family and friends. DeCillis's verse reflects an insistent search for identity and the happy discovery that outsider status can be a good thing, a kind of earned badge that provides new ways of seeing. All poetry readers will relate to the personal and perceptive verse of this debut collection.

In Privacy Issues, Austin Alexis deals with a multitude of subjects. Seldom a participant, he is rather an empathetic observer of life. Even when the speaker seems to be himself, we are not sure whether he is using this technique to make the poem seem more personal or employing his imagination to get inside his character's mind. This book is divided into three numbered sections. In the first and longest, his subjects do not originate in an ivory tower but are as contemporary and relevant as today's news reports. They include guns, prisoners, increasing dependence on technological gadgets and the use of animals in scientific experiments. They also deal with biological weapons, the tragic destruction of the Twin Towers, the effect of the Gulf oil spill on a duck and the routine lives of ordinary workers. His title poem questions a corporation's demand for excessive and unnecessary personal information. The second section includes poems about Emily Dickinson, Bette Davis and the Beatles. Several selections are about dancers and dancing; others are about H.I.V. and AIDS, transsexuals and "drag queens," adversaries of Hitler, the relationship of roommates and a character's irrational fear of public or open spaces. In the final section, several poems deal with cancer, surgery and recuperation. While there is also a father's death, the predominant tone of section 3 is one of hope that defies negative conditions. A baby falls from a high window but is caught and saved by a bystander. Sylvia Plath commits suicide but continues to live through the power of her poetry. A subway rider falls to the tracks but is rescued by a stranger. A rosebush representing death still exudes sweetness. Privacy Issues is an emotionally and intellectually stimulating first book by the winner of the 2014 Naomi Long Madgett Poetry Award.

How did the Anglo-Saxons obtain the treasure that tempted Vikings to raid England frequently in the ninth century and again between 980 and 1018? As Britain then had no gold mine and its lead mines yielded very little silver, this treasure must have been imported. Some may have been given, but most was obtained by trade. Until the ninth century the main source was Francia where there was a lively demand for English produce. Cross Channel trade flourished, much of it passing through the major ports, or wics, that developed in the seventh century. The rapid decline of this trade in the ninth century was caused, not by the Vikings, but by a general shortage of new silver in western Europe after c. 850, reflected in the debasement of the Frankish and Anglo-Saxon coinages. Silver was, however, imported to England by the Danes who settled there in the late ninth century. A very important source of new silver was discovered in the 960s in Germany. This led to a rapid expansion of the German economy that created a demand for raw materials and food from England. Very soon England's towns expanded and its trade, internal and external, grew. Its new wealth attracted Vikings, but trade continued and, although they extracted a great deal of silver, new supplies from Germany enabled the English to maintain their currency. Recent studies have shown that it grew to a peak under Edward the Confessor. This confirms the evidence of Domesday Book that on the eve of the Norman Conquest England was a very rich, highly urbanized, kingdom with a large, well-controlled coinage of high quality. This coinage, and Domesday Book itself, are indeed good evidence that English government was then remarkably effective. Peter Sawyer offers an account of the ways wealth was accumulated and the forms it took in Anglo-Saxon England, with emphasis on recent developments in the study of Anglo-Saxon coins and Domesday Book, and some of their surprising results.

This book attempts to make accessible to students, scholars, and the lay public annotated, up-to-date information regarding the major coinages of the Greco-Roman world. An international group of experts has been asked to treat their areas of expertise, and the result is a broadly illustrated introduction to the subject.

Publication of the proceedings of a conference held to mark the 150th anniversary of the British Museum's Department of Coins and Medals in 2011. The publication spells out ways forward for numismatic activity and the roles UK museums may play in developing the discipline in the 21st century.

Most transport tokens in Scotland were introduced in the middle of the nineteenth century, but until recent years they did not attract many collectors. The collecting and study of tokens has now very much become a branch of numismatics. The early tokens were usually struck in brass, copper or bronze, but as we moved into the twentieth century celluloid ones were introduced. From celluloid, various forms of plastic and fibre have been used as well as various metals, and this has continued right up to the present day. Tokens were in fact the tickets of their time. Paper tickets did not come into use until about the 1880s and in Glasgow on the tramways from the late 1870s. By selling a number of tokens transport firms were assured of the custom of these passengers. This also saved the conductor or guard, as he was sometimes called, from handling cash and was thus also a security precaution.

[16:19:22] Jadles (Jamie): Early Japanese Coins is an up-to-date catalogue of pre-Meiji copper, gold and silver coins. As well as official issues, the often decorative provincial issues are covered. A selection of the intriguing Japanese amulets known as E-sen is also included. It replaces Munro and other western works. It is designed to be used both by advanced collectors who have some knowledge of characters, and beginners who will find the layout easy to follow and will quickly gain a knowledge of this coinage. It draws on historical, as well as the latest western and Japanese numismatic sources, and describes the circumstances under which many of the coins were issued and used. Guides to the Japanese language are given, and maps and lists of era names and rulers add to the background information. There is a description of how the coins were made, illustrated from a contemporary document. A Finding Guide is provided for the difficult Kanei Tsuho series, which will enable these coins to be readily attributed from the differences in their calligraphy. A rarity guide, linked to an approximate value, is provided for each coin. The author has been studying and collecting Far Eastern coins for over fifty years, and has also written the prize winning Cast Chinese Coins, and the definitive Qing Cash.

Text in Danish. Bogen handler om monternes funktion i Norge fra Harald Harfagers tid (1047-1066) til Svartedauen (pestepidemi i Norge 1349-1350). Brugen af monter som betalingsmiddel bliver set i sammenhaeng med statsdannelse, kirkens voksende organisation, byudvikling, handel og oget kommercialisering. Montvaesenet og udmontningens historie i Norge i middelalderen er et eksempel pa, hvordan et system vokser frem, og hvordan det gar til grunde.

Welche Bedeutung griechische Munzbilder in der Antike hatten, ist in der Forschung vielfach hinterfragt und ausserst divergent beantwortet worden. Selten sind Munzen und deren Bildmotive zeitlich und regional ubergreifend untersucht worden, denn meist stehen ikonografische Betrachtungen von einzelnen Munztypen innerhalb eines eng umrissenen Zeitraums im Vordergrund. Ulrike Wolf legt mit ihrer Dissertationsschrift "Vernetzte Bilder" eine Arbeit vor, bei der die Diskussion der Rolle von Munzbildern innerhalb des Machtdiskurses im gesamten westlichen Mittelmeerraum von 500-100 v. Chr. im Fokus steht. Um zu einem umfassenden Verstandnis fur die Entwicklung der fruhen Munzen und ihrer Funktion zu gelangen, eignet sich der westliche Mittelmeerraum in ganz besonderer Weise. So fuhrten ab dem 8. Jh. v. Chr. langjahrige Handelskontakte zwischen iberischen, italischen, etruskischen, griechischen und phoenizischen Kaufleuten und Bevoelkerungsgruppen zu dedizierten Grundungen von Handelsniederlassungen ( ) und Siedlungen ( ). Ab 500 v. Chr. wird die Region jedoch wiederkehrend durch das Eingreifen externer Machtzentren wie zum Beispiel Athen, Rom und Karthago destabilisiert. Zeitgleich setzt nun auch im gesamten westlichen Mittelmeerraum eine umfang- und variantenreiche Munzpragung ein, die eine Untersuchung daruber ermoeglicht, ob und wie Munzen zur Kommunikation uber Machtverhaltnisse, Abhangigkeiten und Allianzen eingesetzt werden. Die vorliegende Publikation zeichnet sich insbesondere durch die Berucksichtigung des lokalen Kontexts und der uberregionalen Verbreitung der Bildtrager aus. Auf der Grundlage des Verstandnisses der "longue duree" sowie der Kombination aus quantitativer Analyse und qualitativer Untersuchung besonders signifikanter Beispiele ergibt sich ein tieferes Verstandnis der Bildfindungsprozesse in der griechisch-roemischen Antike. Das Vorgehen, das Munzbild nicht isoliert anhand der Pragestatte zu betrachten, sondern alle beteiligten Orte als Teilnehmer in einem mediterranen Netzwerk zu verstehen, ist nicht zuletzt auch im Sinne globale Markte und Strukturen, ein Thema unserer Zeit. English abstract Greek coins from antiquity are well known for their fascinating and elaborately executed design. While research on the iconography of specific types of coins, minted within a limited timeframe, is still the gold standard, an analysis of key imagery on a supra-regional level and over a longer period provides a more promising approach to questions of image emergence. In this thesis "Entangled Images", Ulrike Wolf demonstrates the usefulness of a discussion, that focusses on the role coin images have played in the discourse of power of the Western Mediterranean area from 500-100 BC. To understand the processes that lead to the emergence of these images on coins, the author combines quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis and applies a longue duree perspective. Starting with the local contexts of image production, she follows the supra-regional spread of the iconography in the Greco-Roman world.

Welche Bedeutung griechische Munzbilder in der Antike hatten, ist in der Forschung vielfach hinterfragt und ausserst divergent beantwortet worden. Selten sind Munzen und deren Bildmotive zeitlich und regional ubergreifend untersucht worden, denn meist stehen ikonografische Betrachtungen von einzelnen Munztypen innerhalb eines eng umrissenen Zeitraums im Vordergrund. Ulrike Wolf legt mit ihrer Dissertationsschrift "Vernetzte Bilder" eine Arbeit vor, bei der die Diskussion der Rolle von Munzbildern innerhalb des Machtdiskurses im gesamten westlichen Mittelmeerraum von 500-100 v. Chr. im Fokus steht. Um zu einem umfassenden Verstandnis fur die Entwicklung der fruhen Munzen und ihrer Funktion zu gelangen, eignet sich der westliche Mittelmeerraum in ganz besonderer Weise. So fuhrten ab dem 8. Jh. v. Chr. langjahrige Handelskontakte zwischen iberischen, italischen, etruskischen, griechischen und phoenizischen Kaufleuten und Bevoelkerungsgruppen zu dedizierten Grundungen von Handelsniederlassungen ( ) und Siedlungen ( ). Ab 500 v. Chr. wird die Region jedoch wiederkehrend durch das Eingreifen externer Machtzentren wie zum Beispiel Athen, Rom und Karthago destabilisiert. Zeitgleich setzt nun auch im gesamten westlichen Mittelmeerraum eine umfang- und variantenreiche Munzpragung ein, die eine Untersuchung daruber ermoeglicht, ob und wie Munzen zur Kommunikation uber Machtverhaltnisse, Abhangigkeiten und Allianzen eingesetzt werden. Die vorliegende Publikation zeichnet sich insbesondere durch die Berucksichtigung des lokalen Kontexts und der uberregionalen Verbreitung der Bildtrager aus. Auf der Grundlage des Verstandnisses der "longue duree" sowie der Kombination aus quantitativer Analyse und qualitativer Untersuchung besonders signifikanter Beispiele ergibt sich ein tieferes Verstandnis der Bildfindungsprozesse in der griechisch-roemischen Antike. Das Vorgehen, das Munzbild nicht isoliert anhand der Pragestatte zu betrachten, sondern alle beteiligten Orte als Teilnehmer in einem mediterranen Netzwerk zu verstehen, ist nicht zuletzt auch im Sinne globale Markte und Strukturen, ein Thema unserer Zeit. English abstract Greek coins from antiquity are well known for their fascinating and elaborately executed design. While research on the iconography of specific types of coins, minted within a limited timeframe, is still the gold standard, an analysis of key imagery on a supra-regional level and over a longer period provides a more promising approach to questions of image emergence. In this thesis "Entangled Images", Ulrike Wolf demonstrates the usefulness of a discussion, that focusses on the role coin images have played in the discourse of power of the Western Mediterranean area from 500-100 BC. To understand the processes that lead to the emergence of these images on coins, the author combines quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis and applies a longue duree perspective. Starting with the local contexts of image production, she follows the supra-regional spread of the iconography in the Greco-Roman world.

This study deals with the iconographic theme of imperial Byzantine 'heavenly coronation', or Andre Grabar's couronnement symbolique, with particular attention to fine arts and numismatics. This theme, along with the rituals of imperial investiture, represents the concept of divine kingship in figurative terms, a significant ideological premise for Byzantine theocracy. The book is structured in seven chapters, investigating both the origination and conclusion of the iconographical subject and its political derivations. It attempts to assemble all the known images of the 'heavenly coronation' theme and to explain its political and iconographical roots.