Static analysis is increasingly recognized as a fundamental reasearch area aimed at studying and developing tools for high performance implementations and v- i cation systems for all programming language paradigms. The last two decades have witnessed substantial developments in this eld, ranging from theoretical frameworks to design, implementation, and application of analyzers in optim- ing compilers. Since 1994, SAS has been the annual conference and forum for researchers in all aspects of static analysis. This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Static Analysis (SAS'99) which was held in Venice, Italy, on 22{24 September 1999. The previous SAS conferences were held in Namur (Belgium), Glasgow (UK), Aachen (Germany), Paris (France), and Pisa (Italy). The program committee selected 18 papers out of 42 submissions on the basis of at least three reviews. The resulting volume o ers to the reader a complete landscape of the research in this area. The papers contribute to the following topics: foundations of static analysis, abstract domain design, and applications of static analysis to di erent programming paradigms (concurrent, synchronous, imperative, object oriented, logical, and functional). In particular, several papers use static analysis for obtaining state space reduction in concurrent systems. New application elds are also addressed, such as the problems of security and secrecy.

C++ is the language of choice for developing the most sophisticated Windows programs, but it is filled with hidden traps for the unwary. Mike Hyman and Phani Vaddadi 's no-nonsense book helps C++ programmers avoid these traps by providing invaluable techniques gleaned from a combined 30 years of experience. In this book, you'll find a number of invaluable real-world tips and techniques that will help you improve your code and coding practices. What you'll learn Who this book is for

This is a terrific book for intermediate C++ programmers looking to improve their C++ programming skills, and advanced programmers seeking extra techniques and novel approaches to solving difficult problems. Table of Contents Start with a Good Design Darn Reasonable Practices Dealing with Compiler-Generated Code Pointers and Memory Arrays Classes Abstract Base Classes Constructors Inheritance Operator Overloading Templates Miscellaneous Goop Performance Using Assembly General Debugging Stuff Specific Debugging Stuff Smart Pointers Reference Counting Dynamic Arrays Strings Bit Manipulation Sorting Regular Expression Matching

This book is a collection of articles about the influence that the recent greater scope and availability of wide area networks is having on the semantics, design, and implementa tion of programming languages. The Internet has long provided a global computing in frastructure but, for most of its history, there has not been much interest in programming languages tailored specifically to that infrastructure. More recently, the Web has pro duced a widespread interest in global resources and, as a consequence, in global pro grammability. It is now commonplace to discuss how programs can be made to run effectively and securely over the Internet. The Internet has already revolutionized the distribution and access of information, and is in the process of transforming commerce and other areas of fundamental importance. In the field of programming languages, the Internet is having a deep revitalizing effect, by challenging many fundamental assumptions and requiring the development of new concepts, programming constructs, implementation techniques, and applications. This book is a snapshot of current research in this active area. The articles in this book were presented at the Workshop on Internet Programming Lan guages, which was held on May 13, 1998 at Loyola University, Chicago, USA. The pa pers submitted to the workshop were screened by the editors. After the workshop, the presented papers were refereed by an external reviewer and one of the editors, resulting in the current selection.

The European conference situationin the general area of software science has longbeen considered unsatisfactory. A fairlylarge number of small and medi- sized conferences and workshops take place on an irregular basis, competing for high-quality contributions and for enough attendees to make them ?nancially viable. Discussions aiming at a consolidation have been underway since at least 1992, with concrete planning beginning in summer 1994 and culminating in a public meeting at TAPSOFT 95 in Aarhus. On the basis of a broad consensus, it was decided to establish a single annual federated spring conference in the slot that was then occupied by TAPSOFT and CAAP/ESOP/CC, comprising a number of existing and new conferences and covering a spectrum from theory to practice. ETAPS 98, the ?rst instance of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, is taking place this year in Lisbon. It comprises ?ve conferences (FoSSaCS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS), four workshops (ACoS, VISUAL, WADT, CMCS), seven invited lectures, and nine tutorials."

This volume contains mainly the revised versions of papers presented at the wo- shop '98, "Beyond the Notation," that took place in Mulhouse, France on June 3-4, 1998. We thank all those that have made this possible, and particularly all the people in Mulhouse that worked hard to make this meeting a success, with such a short delay between the announcement and the realization. We are specially grateful to Nathalie Gaertner, who put in a tremendous amount of effort in the initial preparation of the workshop. We were pleasantly surprised of the quality of the submitted material and of the level of the technical exchanges at the Mulhouse meeting. More than one hundred attendees, from about twenty different countries, representing the main actors in the UML research and development scene, gathered in Mulhouse for two full study days. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to the authors of submitted - pers, the editorial committee for this volume, the program committee for the initial workshop, the external referees, and many others who contributed towards the final contents of this volume. April 1999 Jean Bezivin Pierre-Alain Muller"

This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on RewritingTechniques andApplicationsheldfromJuly2-4,1999inTrento, Italy, as part of the Federated Logic Conference (FLoC'99). The RTAconferences are dedicated to all aspects of term, string and graph rewriting as well as their applications such as lambda calculi, theorem-proving, functional programming, decision procedures. The program committee selected 23 papers as well as 4 system descriptions from 53 submissions of overall high quality (46 regular papers and 7 systems descriptions). The papers cover awide range of topics: constraint solving, ter- nation, deductionandhigher-orderrewriting, graphs, complexity, tree automata, context-sensitive rewriting, string rewriting and numeration systems::: by - thors from countries including: France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, USA. B. Courcelle (Univ. Bordeaux) and F. Otto (Univ. Kassel) presented - vited talks, on graph grammars and connections between rewriting and formal language theory respectively. F. van Raamsdonk (CWI, Amsterdam) gave an invited tutorial on higher-order rewriting. Wewouldliketothanktheexternalreviewersfortheircontributiontoprep- ing the program and Horatiu Cirstea for his help in maintaining the web server of the program committ

Natural Semantics has become a popular tool among programming language researchers for specifying many aspects of programming languages. However, due to the lack of practical tools for implementation, the natural semantics formalism has so far largely been limited to theoretical applications.
This book introduces the rational meta-language RML as a practical language for natural semantics specifications. The main part of the work is devoted to the problem of compiling natural semantics, actually RML, into highly efficient code. For this purpose, an effective compilation strategy for RML is developed and implemented in the rml2c compiler. This compiler ultimately produces low-level C code. Benchmarking results show that rml2c-produced code is much faster than code resulting from compilers based on alternative implementation approaches.

ETAPS 99 is the second instance of the EuropeanJoint Conferences on T- ory and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998 by combining a number of existing and new conferences. This year it comprises ?ve conferences (FOSSACS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS), four satellite workshops (CMCS, AS, WAGA, CoFI), seven invited lectures, two invited tutorials, and six contributed tutorials. The events that comprise ETAPS address various aspects of the system - velopment process, including speci?cation, design, implementation, analysis and improvement. The languages, methodologies and tools which support these - tivities are all well within its scope. Di?erent blends of theory and practice are represented, with an inclination towards theory with a practical motivation on one hand and soundly-based practice on the other. Many of the issues involved in software design apply to systems in general, including hardware systems, and the emphasis on software is not intended to be exclusive."

This comprehensive guide is directed at Linux and UNIX users but is also the best how-to book on the use of LaTeX in preparing articles, books and theses. Unlike other LaTeX books, this one is particularly suitable for anyone coming to LaTeX for the first time.

Code motion techniques are integrated in many optimizing production and research compilers. They are still a major topic of ongoing research in program optimization, but traditional methods are restricted by a narrow focus on their immediate effects. A more ambitious approach is to investigate the interdependencies between distinct component transformations.
This monograph provides a comprehensive account of the methods most accepted in practice for program analysis and program transformation for imperative languages. It also develops a scenario, systematically and step by step, which overcomes the structural restrictions that had previously long resisted attack. The author presents formal proofs for all the steps leading to this breakthrough, though the reader may skip the proofs and consult the technical details as needed yet still enjoy a smooth introduction to the central principles of code motion.

LCPC'98 Steering and Program Committes for their time and energy in - viewing the submitted papers. Finally, and most importantly, we thank all the authors and participants of the workshop. It is their signi cant research work and their enthusiastic discussions throughout the workshopthat made LCPC'98 a success. May 1999 Siddhartha Chatterjee Program Chair Preface The year 1998 marked the eleventh anniversary of the annual Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC), an international - rum for leading research groups to present their current research activities and latest results. The LCPC community is interested in a broad range of te- nologies, with a common goal of developing software systems that enable real applications. Amongthetopicsofinteresttotheworkshoparelanguagefeatures, communication code generation and optimization, communication libraries, d- tributed shared memory libraries, distributed object systems, resource m- agement systems, integration of compiler and runtime systems, irregular and dynamic applications, performance evaluation, and debuggers. LCPC'98 was hosted by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) on 7 - 9 August 1998, at the William and Ida Friday Center on the UNC-CH campus. Fifty people from the United States, Europe, and Asia attended the workshop. The program committee of LCPC'98, with the help of external reviewers, evaluated the submitted papers. Twenty-four papers were selected for formal presentation at the workshop. Each session was followed by an open panel d- cussion centered on the main topic of the particular session.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Meta-Level Architectures and Reflection, Reflection'99, held in St. Malo, France in July 1999. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from 44 submissions. Also included are six short papers and the abstracts of three invited talks. The papers are organized in sections on programming languages, meta object protocols, middleware/multi-media, work in progress, applications, and meta-programming. The volume covers all current issues arising in the design and analysis of reflective systems and demontrates their practical applications.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Types in Compilation, TIC '98, held in Kyoto, Japan in March 1998.
The book presents 13 revised full papers carefully selected during an iterated reviewing process together with three invited papers. The papers are organized in topical sections on typed intermediate languages, program analyses, program transformations and code generation, memory management, partial evaluation and run-time code generation, and distributed computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR'98, held in Nice, France, in September 1998.
The 35 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 104 submissions. Also presented are five invited contributions. Among the topics covered are moduls of computation and semantic domains, process algebras, Petri Nets, event structures, real-time systems, hybrid systems, model checking, verification techniques, refinement, rewriting, typing systems and algorithms, etc..

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages, IFL'98, held in London, UK, in September 1998.
The 15 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing. The volume covers a wide range of topics including parallel process organization, parallel profiling, compilation and semantics of parallel systems, programming methodology, interrupt handling, strictness analysis, concurrency and message passing, and inter-language working.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, FTRTFT'98, held in Lyngby, Denmark, in September 1998.
The 22 revised full papers presented were carefully selected and reviewed for inclusion in the book. Also included are four invited contributions and five tool demonstrations. The papers address the current aspects of the hot topic of embedded systems, in particular temporal logic, requirements engineering, analysis techniques, verification, model checking, and applications.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC'97, held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA in August 1997
The book presents 28 revised full papers together with four posters; all papers were carefully selected for presentation at the workshop and went through a thorough reviewing and revision phase afterwards. The papers are organized in topical sections on data locality, program analysis, automatic parallelization, HPF extensions and compilers, synchronization and communication, parallel programming models and language extensions, and instruction level parallelism.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC '98, held as part of the European Joint Conference on the Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS '98, in Lisbon, Portugal, in March/April 1998. The volume presents 19 revised full papers selected from a total of 50 submissions; also four system demonstrations and an abstract of an invited talk are included. The papers cover the classical issues of compiler construction centered around computer languages and their processors, with an emphasis on practical methods and tools, but also other aspects of language processing are addressed like interpretation, editing, and debugging.

This book presents the verified design of a code generator translating a prototypic real-time programming language to an actual microprocessor, the Inmos Transputer. Unlike most other work on compiler verification, and with particular emphasis on modularity, it systematically covers correctness of translation down to actual machine code, a necessity in the area of safety-critical systems. The formal framework provided as well as the novel proof-engineering ideas incorporated in the verified code generator are also of relevance for software design in general.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Category Theory and Computer Science, CTCS'97, held in Santa Margheria Ligure, Italy, in September 1997.
Category theory attracts interest in the theoretical computer science community because of its ability to establish connections between different areas in computer science and mathematics and to provide a few generic principles for organizing mathematical theories. This book presents a selection of 15 revised full papers together with three invited contributions. The topics addressed include reasoning principles for types, rewriting, program semantics, and structuring of logical systems.

This book contains the strictly refereed post-workshop proceedings originating from the 8th International Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages, held in Bad Godesberg, Germany, in September 1996.
The 15 thoroughly revised full papers presented were selected after a second round of reviewing from the 26 contributions accepted for presentation at the workshop. Also included is an overview by the volume editor. The volume addresses various implementational issues of functional languages including parallel implementations, language concepts and design, type systems, interpretation and compilation techniques, automatic program generation, concurrent processing, machine architectures, runtime profiling and application programming.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR'97. held in Warsaw, Poland, in July 1997.
The 24 revised full papers presented were selected by the program committee for inclusion in the volume from a total of 41 high-quality submissions. The volume covers all current topics in the science of concurrency theory and its applications, such as reactive systems, hybrid systems, model checking, partial orders, state charts, program logic calculi, infinite state systems, verification, and others.

This book presents the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC'96, held in San Jose, California, in August 1996.
The book contains 35 carefully revised full papers together with nine poster presentations. The papers are organized in topical sections on automatic data distribution and locality enhancement, program analysis, compiler algorithms for fine-grain parallelism, instruction scheduling and register allocation, parallelizing compilers, communication optimization, compiling HPF, and run-time control of parallelism.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC '96, held in Link ping, Sweden in April 1996.
The 23 revised full papers included were selected from a total of 57 submissions; also included is an invited paper by William Waite entitled "Compiler Construction: Craftsmanship or Engineering?." The book reports the state of the art in the area of theoretical foundations and design of compilers; among the topics addressed are program transformation, software pipelining, compiler optimization, program analysis, program inference, partial evaluation, implementational aspects, and object-oriented compilers.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Eighth Annual Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, held in Columbus, Ohio in August 1995.
The 38 full revised papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the proceedings and reflect the state of the art of research and advanced applications in parallel languages, restructuring compilers, and runtime systems. The papers are organized in sections on fine-grain parallelism, interprocedural analysis, program analysis, Fortran 90 and HPF, loop parallelization for HPF compilers, tools and libraries, loop-level optimization, automatic data distribution, compiler models, irregular computation, object-oriented and functional parallelism.