Apache Jakarta-Tomcat, the official reference implementation for the Java servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies, has long been heralded as an excellent platform for the development and deployment of powerful Web applications. Version 4.0 offers not only numerous enhancements in flexibility and stability, but also an array of features thatexpand upon the Tomcat developer's already wealthy toolset.

In this namesake title, best-selling author James Goodwill provides readers with a thorough introduction to Jakarta-Tomcat, offering instruction on topics ranging from the basic installation and configuration process and Web application deployment to advanced concepts of integration with other popular Apache Foundation projects such as the Apache Web server, Struts, Log4J, and the Apache XML SOAP Project.

In addition to an already comprehensive introduction to core Tomcat functionality, readers also benefit from a valuable primer of what is offered in version 4.0, as Goodwill takes care to thoroughly discuss new features such as valves, security realms, persistent sessions, and the Tomcat Manager Application. In summary, Apache Jakarta-Tomcat offers both novice and advanced Jakarta-Tomcat users a practical and comprehensive guide to this powerful software.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages, IFL'99, held in Lochem, The Netherlands, in September 1999.
The 11 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing. The papers are organized in sections on applications, compilation techniques, language concepts, and parallelism.

In August 1999, the Twelfth Workshop on Languages and Compilers for P- allel Computing (LCPC) was hosted by the Hierarchical Tiling Research group from the Computer Science and Engineering Department at the University of California San Diego (UCSD). The workshop is an annual international forum for leading research groups to present their current research activities and the latest results. It has also been a place for researchers and practitioners to - teract closely and exchange ideas about future directions. Among the topics of interest to the workshop are language features, code generation, debugging, - timization, communication and distributed shared memory libraries, distributed object systems, resource management systems, integration of compiler and r- time systems, irregular and dynamic applications, and performance evaluation. In 1999, the workshop was held at the International Relations/Paci c Studies Auditorium and the San Diego Supercomputer Center at UCSD. Seventy-seven researchers from Australia, England, France, Germany, Korea, Spain, and the United States attended the workshop, an increase of over 50% from 1998.

The SPIN workshop is a forum for researchers interested in the subject of automata-based, explicit-state model checking technologies for the analysis and veri?cation of asynchronous concurrent and distributed systems. The SPIN - del checker (http: //netlib.bell-labs.com/netlib/spin/whatispin.html), developed by Gerard Holzmann, is one of the best known systems of this kind, and has attracted a large user community. This can likely be attributed to its e?cient state exploration algorithms. The fact that SPIN's modeling language, Promela, resembles a programming language has probably also contributed to its success. Traditionally, the SPIN workshops present papers on extensions and uses of SPIN. As an experiment, this year's workshop was broadened to have a slightly wider focus than previous workshops in that papers on software veri?cation were encouraged. Consequently, a small collection of papers describe attempts to analyze and verify programs written in conventional programming languages. Solutions include translations from source code to Promela, as well as specially designed model checkers that accept source code. We believe that this is an - teresting research direction for the formal methods community, and that it will result in a new set of challenges and solutions. Of course, abstraction becomes the key solution to deal with very large state spaces. However, we also see - tential for integrating model checking with techniques such as static program analysis and testing. Papers on these issues have therefore been included in the proceedings.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language, 2001, held in Toronto, Canada, in October 2001.The 33 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 122 abstracts and 102 papers submitted. The papers are organized in topical sections on metamodeling, activity diagrams, OCL, architecture and patterns, analysis and testing, performance and databases, graph transformations, real-time and embedded systems, associations and ontology, statecharts, components, and use cases.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting held in Santorini (Thera), Greece in September 2001. The 50 revised papers presented together with seven abstracts of invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers are organized in topical sections on implementation, evaluation, and performance of PVM/MPI; extensions and improvements on PVM/MPI; tools for PVM and MPI; algorithms using message passing; and applications in science and engineering.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming, FLOPS 2001, held in Tokyo, Japan in March 2001.The 21 revised full papers presented together with three invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The book offers topical sections on functional programming, logic programming, functional logic programming, types, program analysis and transformation, and Lambda calculus.

Staticanalysisisaresearchareaaimedatdevelopingprinciplesandtoolsforv- i cation and semantics-based manipulation of programs and high-performance implementation of programming languages. The series of Static Analysis S- posia is a forum for the presentation and discussion of advances in the area. This volume contains the papers presentedat the EighthInternationalStatic Analysis Symposium (SAS 2001), which was held July 16{18, 2001 at the S- bonne in Paris, France. Previous SAS symposia were held in Santa Barbara, CA, USA (LNCS 1824), Venice, Italy (LNCS 1694), Pisa, Italy (LNCS 1503), Paris, France (LNCS 1302), Aachen, Germany (LNCS 1145), Glasgow, UK(LNCS983), Namur, Belgium(LNCS864), followingtheinternationalwo- shop WSA in Padova, Italy (LNCS 724), Bordeaux, France (Bigre Vol. 81-82) and JTASPEFL/WSA, Bordeaux, France (Bigre Vol. 74). The program committee meeting was held at the Ecole Normale Sup erieure in Paris on March 31, 2001, and 21 papers were selected from 62 submissions. In addition to the contributed papers, this volume includes invited papers by RustanLeinoandMartinRinard.Thisvolumealsocontainstheabstractsofan invitedtalkbyFredSchneider and of the presentations by Bruno Blanchet, Andrew Gordon, Andrew Myers, andDavid Wagner at an invited session on security. May 2001 Patrick Cousot VI Preface ProgramCommittee Patrick Cousot (Chair) Ecole Normale Sup erieure, Paris, France Maurice Bruynooghe Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Be

Thecircleisclosed.The European Modula-2 Conference was originally launched with the goal of increasing the popularity of Modula-2, a programming language created by Niklaus Wirth and his team at ETH Zuric ] h as a successor of Pascal. For more than a decade, the conference has wandered through Europe, passing Bled, Slovenia, in1987, Loughborough, UK, in1990, Ulm, Germany, in1994, and Linz, Austria, in 1997. Now, at the beginning of the new millennium, it is back at its roots in Zuric ] h, Switzerland. While traveling through space and time, the conference has mutated. It has widened its scope and changed its name to Joint Modular Languages Conference (JMLC). With an invariant focus, though, on modularsoftwareconstructioninteaching, research, and"outthere"inindustry. This topic has never been more important than today, ironically not because of insu?cient language support but, quite on the contrary, due to a truly c- fusing variety of modular concepts o?ered by modern languages: modules, pa- ages, classes, and components, the newest and still controversial trend. "The recent notion of component is still very vaguely de?ned, so vaguely, in fact, that it almost seems advisable to ignore it." (Wirth in his article "Records, Modules, Objects, Classes, Components" in honor of Hoare's retirement in 1999). Clar- cation is needed."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications, RTA 2001, held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in May 2001.
The 23 revised full papers presented together with two system descriptions were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. All current aspects of rewriting are addressed.

The algebraic approach to system speci?cation and development, born in the 1970sas a formalmethod for abstractdata types, encompassestoday the formal design of integrated hardware and software systems, new speci?cation fra- works and programming paradigms (such as object-oriented, logic, and high- order functional programming) and a wide range of application areas (including information systems, concurrent and distributed systems). Workshops on Al- braicDevelopmentTechniques,initiatedin1982asWorkshopsonAbstractData Types, have become a prominent forum to present and discuss research on this important area. The 14th International Workshop on Algebraic Development Techniques (WADT'99) took place at the Chat eau de Bonas, near Toulouse, September 15-18,1999,and was organized by Didier Bert and Christine Choppy. The main topics of the workshop were: - algebraic speci?cation - other approaches to formal speci?cation - speci?cation languages and methods - term rewriting and proof systems - speci?cation development systems (concepts, tools, etc.). The program consisted of invited talks by Michel Bidoit, Manfred Broy, Bart Jacobs, Natarajan Shankar, and 69 presentations describing ongoing - search. The parallel sessions were devoted to: algebraic speci?cations and other speci?cation formalisms, test and validation, concurrent processes, - plications, logics and validation, combining formalisms, subsorts and parti- ity, structuring, rewriting, coalgebras and sketches, re?nement, institutions and categories, ASM speci?cations. There were also sessions re?ecting - going research achieved in the Common Framework Initiative (CoFI, see http://www.brics.dk/Projects/CoFI/), within its di?erent task groups: CASL (Common Algebraic Speci?cation Language), CASL semantics, CASL tools, methodology, and reactive systems.

Static analysis is increasingly recognized as a fundamental reasearch area aimed at studying and developing tools for high performance implementations and v- i cation systems for all programming language paradigms. The last two decades have witnessed substantial developments in this eld, ranging from theoretical frameworks to design, implementation, and application of analyzers in optim- ing compilers. Since 1994, SAS has been the annual conference and forum for researchers in all aspects of static analysis. This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Static Analysis (SAS'99) which was held in Venice, Italy, on 22{24 September 1999. The previous SAS conferences were held in Namur (Belgium), Glasgow (UK), Aachen (Germany), Paris (France), and Pisa (Italy). The program committee selected 18 papers out of 42 submissions on the basis of at least three reviews. The resulting volume o ers to the reader a complete landscape of the research in this area. The papers contribute to the following topics: foundations of static analysis, abstract domain design, and applications of static analysis to di erent programming paradigms (concurrent, synchronous, imperative, object oriented, logical, and functional). In particular, several papers use static analysis for obtaining state space reduction in concurrent systems. New application elds are also addressed, such as the problems of security and secrecy.

The European conference situationin the general area of software science has longbeen considered unsatisfactory. A fairlylarge number of small and medi- sized conferences and workshops take place on an irregular basis, competing for high-quality contributions and for enough attendees to make them ?nancially viable. Discussions aiming at a consolidation have been underway since at least 1992, with concrete planning beginning in summer 1994 and culminating in a public meeting at TAPSOFT 95 in Aarhus. On the basis of a broad consensus, it was decided to establish a single annual federated spring conference in the slot that was then occupied by TAPSOFT and CAAP/ESOP/CC, comprising a number of existing and new conferences and covering a spectrum from theory to practice. ETAPS 98, the ?rst instance of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, is taking place this year in Lisbon. It comprises ?ve conferences (FoSSaCS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS), four workshops (ACoS, VISUAL, WADT, CMCS), seven invited lectures, and nine tutorials."

This volume contains mainly the revised versions of papers presented at the wo- shop '98, "Beyond the Notation," that took place in Mulhouse, France on June 3-4, 1998. We thank all those that have made this possible, and particularly all the people in Mulhouse that worked hard to make this meeting a success, with such a short delay between the announcement and the realization. We are specially grateful to Nathalie Gaertner, who put in a tremendous amount of effort in the initial preparation of the workshop. We were pleasantly surprised of the quality of the submitted material and of the level of the technical exchanges at the Mulhouse meeting. More than one hundred attendees, from about twenty different countries, representing the main actors in the UML research and development scene, gathered in Mulhouse for two full study days. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to the authors of submitted - pers, the editorial committee for this volume, the program committee for the initial workshop, the external referees, and many others who contributed towards the final contents of this volume. April 1999 Jean Bezivin Pierre-Alain Muller"

Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) and Message Passing Interface (MPI) are the most frequently used tools for programming according to the message passing paradigm, which is considered one of the best ways to develop parallel applications. This volume comprises 42 revised contributions presented at the Seventh European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting, which was held in Balatonfr ed, Hungary, 10 13 September 2000. The conference was organized by the Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Systems of the Computer and Automation Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This conference was previously held in Barcelona, Spain (1999), Liverpool, UK (1998) and Cracow, Poland (1997). The first three conferences were devoted to PVM and were held at the Technische Universit t M nchen, Germany (1996), Ecole Normale Superieure Lyon, France (1995), and University of Rome, Italy (1994). This conference has become a forum for users and developers of PVM, MPI, and other message passing environments. Interaction between those groups has proved to be very useful for developing new ideas in parallel computing and for applying existing ideas to new practical fields. The main topics of the meeting were evaluation and performance of PVM and MPI, extensions and improvements to PVM and MPI, algorithms using the message passing paradigm, and applications in science and engineering based on message passing. The conference included four tutorials and five invited talks on advances in MPI, cluster computing, network computing, grid computing, and SGI parallel computers and programming systems.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on RewritingTechniques andApplicationsheldfromJuly2-4,1999inTrento, Italy, as part of the Federated Logic Conference (FLoC'99). The RTAconferences are dedicated to all aspects of term, string and graph rewriting as well as their applications such as lambda calculi, theorem-proving, functional programming, decision procedures. The program committee selected 23 papers as well as 4 system descriptions from 53 submissions of overall high quality (46 regular papers and 7 systems descriptions). The papers cover awide range of topics: constraint solving, ter- nation, deductionandhigher-orderrewriting, graphs, complexity, tree automata, context-sensitive rewriting, string rewriting and numeration systems::: by - thors from countries including: France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, USA. B. Courcelle (Univ. Bordeaux) and F. Otto (Univ. Kassel) presented - vited talks, on graph grammars and connections between rewriting and formal language theory respectively. F. van Raamsdonk (CWI, Amsterdam) gave an invited tutorial on higher-order rewriting. Wewouldliketothanktheexternalreviewersfortheircontributiontoprep- ing the program and Horatiu Cirstea for his help in maintaining the web server of the program committ

As computer science enters the new millennium, methods and languages for reasoning with constraints have come to play an important role, with both t- oretical advances and practical applications. Constraints have emerged as the basis of a representational and computational paradigm that draws from many disciplinesandcanbebroughttobearonmanyproblemdomains, includingar- ?cial intelligence, databases, and combinatorial optimization. The conference is concerned with all aspects of computing with constraints including algorithms, applications, environments, languages, models and systems. The Sixth InternationalConference on Principles and Practiceof Constraint Programming (CP2000) continues to provide an international forum for p- senting and discussing state-of-the-art research and applications involving c- straints.Afterafewannualworkshops, CP'95tookplaceinCassis, France;CP'96 in Cambridge, USA; CP'97 in Schloss Hagenberg, Austria; CP'98 in Pisa, Italy and CP'99 in Alexandria, USA. This year the conference is held in Singapore, from 18 through 21 September 2000. This volume comprises the papers that were accepted for presentation at CP2000.From the 101 papersthat were submitted, 31 papers wereaccepted for presentation in the plenary session and 13 papers were selected as posters and have a short version (?ve pages) in this volume. All papers were subjected to rigorous review three program committee members (or their designated revi- ers) refereed each paper. Decisions were reached following discussions among reviewers and, in some instances, by e-mail consultation of the entire program committee.Ibelievethereaderwill?ndthesearticlestobeofthehighestquality, representing a signi?cant contribution to the ?eld.

Code motion techniques are integrated in many optimizing production and research compilers. They are still a major topic of ongoing research in program optimization, but traditional methods are restricted by a narrow focus on their immediate effects. A more ambitious approach is to investigate the interdependencies between distinct component transformations.
This monograph provides a comprehensive account of the methods most accepted in practice for program analysis and program transformation for imperative languages. It also develops a scenario, systematically and step by step, which overcomes the structural restrictions that had previously long resisted attack. The author presents formal proofs for all the steps leading to this breakthrough, though the reader may skip the proofs and consult the technical details as needed yet still enjoy a smooth introduction to the central principles of code motion.

This comprehensive guide is directed at Linux and UNIX users but is also the best how-to book on the use of LaTeX in preparing articles, books and theses. Unlike other LaTeX books, this one is particularly suitable for anyone coming to LaTeX for the first time.

This volume comprises the papers presented at the Third International Andrei Ershov Memorial Conference \Perspectives of System Informatics", Akadem- rodok (Novosibirsk, Russia), July 6{9, 1999. The main goal of the conference was to give an overview of research directions which are decisive for the growth of major areas of research activities in system informatics. The conference was the third one in the line. The r st and second inter- tionalconferences\PerspectivesofSystemInformatics"wereheldinNovosibirsk, Akademgorodok, in May, 1991, and June, 1996, respectively. Both conferences gathered a wide spectrum of specialists and were undoubtedly very successful. The third conferenceincluded many of the subjects of the second conference, such as theoretical computer science, programming methodology, new infor- tiontechnologies,andthepromising eldofarti cialintelligence|asimportant components of system informatics. The style of the second conference was p- served to a certain extent in that there were a considerable number of invited papers in addition to the contributed papers. However,posters were replaced by short talks mainly given by young researchers.

LCPC'98 Steering and Program Committes for their time and energy in - viewing the submitted papers. Finally, and most importantly, we thank all the authors and participants of the workshop. It is their signi cant research work and their enthusiastic discussions throughout the workshopthat made LCPC'98 a success. May 1999 Siddhartha Chatterjee Program Chair Preface The year 1998 marked the eleventh anniversary of the annual Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC), an international - rum for leading research groups to present their current research activities and latest results. The LCPC community is interested in a broad range of te- nologies, with a common goal of developing software systems that enable real applications. Amongthetopicsofinteresttotheworkshoparelanguagefeatures, communication code generation and optimization, communication libraries, d- tributed shared memory libraries, distributed object systems, resource m- agement systems, integration of compiler and runtime systems, irregular and dynamic applications, performance evaluation, and debuggers. LCPC'98 was hosted by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) on 7 - 9 August 1998, at the William and Ida Friday Center on the UNC-CH campus. Fifty people from the United States, Europe, and Asia attended the workshop. The program committee of LCPC'98, with the help of external reviewers, evaluated the submitted papers. Twenty-four papers were selected for formal presentation at the workshop. Each session was followed by an open panel d- cussion centered on the main topic of the particular session.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Meta-Level Architectures and Reflection, Reflection'99, held in St. Malo, France in July 1999. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from 44 submissions. Also included are six short papers and the abstracts of three invited talks. The papers are organized in sections on programming languages, meta object protocols, middleware/multi-media, work in progress, applications, and meta-programming. The volume covers all current issues arising in the design and analysis of reflective systems and demontrates their practical applications.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Types in Compilation, TIC '98, held in Kyoto, Japan in March 1998.
The book presents 13 revised full papers carefully selected during an iterated reviewing process together with three invited papers. The papers are organized in topical sections on typed intermediate languages, program analyses, program transformations and code generation, memory management, partial evaluation and run-time code generation, and distributed computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR'98, held in Nice, France, in September 1998.
The 35 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 104 submissions. Also presented are five invited contributions. Among the topics covered are moduls of computation and semantic domains, process algebras, Petri Nets, event structures, real-time systems, hybrid systems, model checking, verification techniques, refinement, rewriting, typing systems and algorithms, etc..

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on the Implementation of Functional Languages, IFL'98, held in London, UK, in September 1998.
The 15 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing. The volume covers a wide range of topics including parallel process organization, parallel profiling, compilation and semantics of parallel systems, programming methodology, interrupt handling, strictness analysis, concurrency and message passing, and inter-language working.