This book covers the various aspects of the development of an integrated product and process modelling system using advanced computer technologies. It describes languages and methodologies for developing an information reference model, system architectures, a link with emerging new standards such as ISO/STEP and CIM/OSA, and a new approach for the definition of model semantics. It discusses practical aspects of the usage and integration of computer aided design, planning and production systems, and shows how the reference model can be applied. Concrete practical examples are given for two demonstration parts: a sheet metal part and a ship propeller blade. Much attention has been devoted to making the subject matter easy to understand for a wide audience. The reference model is presented in easy-to-grasp chunks in a graphical, informal way, and many figures support the text. The reader should gain a clear impression of the various technical aspects of CIM systems using modern techniques corresponding to emerging new standards. Aspects of future systems are also included.

Reiner Anderl The Advanced Modelling part of the CAD*I project aimed at the development of a new generation of modelling techniques as a basic functionality of future CAD/CAM systems. The methodology and concepts for advanced modelling techniques, their availability in the communication interface of a CAD/CAM system and their influence on internal interfaces in the software architecture of a CAD/CAM system are fundamental results of advanced modelling work. These results form the basis for the development of a new generation of CAD/CAM systems which are called product modelling systems. CAD/CAM systems today mainly support the geometric description of a technical part or its description as a technical drawing. Advanced geometric modelling capabilities deal with parametric design functions embedded into CAD/CAM systems. However, development strategies for future CAD/CAM systems are directed toward the following: 1. The development of product modelling systems and 2. the development of integrated systems based on CAD, CAP (Computer Aided Planning), CAM and other CIM (Computer Integrated Manu facturing) functionalities."

This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the MIT-JSME Workshop on Cooperative Product Development held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, November 20/21, 1989. The 28 selected papers are organized into the following six categories: - Frameworks, dealing with problem-solving architectures, - Organizational issues, investigating strategies for organizing engineering activities for effective utilization of computer-aided tools, - Negotiation techniques, dealing with conflict detection and resolution between various agents, - Transaction management issues, dealing with interaction issues between the agents and the central communication medium, - Design methods, dealing with techniques utilized by individual agents, - Visualization techniques, including user Interfaces and physical modeling techniques. Sponsorship and financial support for the workshop was provided by the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), the Intelligent Engineering Systems Laboratory at MIT, and Bell Atlantic Knowledge Systems, Inc.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) allows the integration of current islands of automation and the exploitation of opportunities offered by the application of information technology. More than 40 key papers have been assembled from the CIM-Europe's seventh annual conference held in May 1991, Turin, Italy. The speakers represent the leading edge research in areas such as concurrent engineering, production planning and control, quality management and e.g. implementation and business experiences in applying CIM. CIM-Europe is the dissemination of ESPRIT and the conference is jointly sponsored by the CEC and organised under the patronage of the Ministero della UniversitA e della Ricerca Scientifica e Technologica and CittA di Torino. Engineers, academics and researchers in CIM and related fields will find the book excellent reference material for current research and experience.

In this monograph the author presents a thorough computational geometry approach to handling theoretical and practical problems arising from numerically controlled pocket machining. The approach unifies two scientific disciplines: computational geometry and mechanical engineering. Topics of practical importance that are dealt with include the selection of tool sizes, the determination of tool paths, and the optimization of tool paths. Full details of the algorithms are given from a practical point of view, including information on implementation issues. This practice-minded approach is embedded in a rigorous theoretical framework enabling concise statement of definitions and proof of the correctness and efficiency of the algorithms. In particular, the construction of Voronoi diagrams and their use for offset calculations are investigated in great detail. Based on Voronoi diagrams, a graph-like structure is introduced that serves as a high-level abstraction of the pocket geometry and provides the basis for algorithmically performing shape interrogation and path planning tasks. Finally, the efficiency and robustness of the approach is illustrated with figures showing pocketing examples that have been processed by the author's own implementation.

Crossing the Border examines the emergence of a new philosophy based on the idea of "human-centred technology" and, through the use of a case study, illustrates the ways in which users, social scientists, managers and engineers can participate in the design and development of human-centred computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. The book offers a unique insight into a large European project (ESPRIT project 1217) aimed at the design and development of a human-centred CIM system. The book examines the problems inherent in developing interdisciplinary design methods and of "crossing the border" between the social and engineering sciences. The authors offer proposals and guidelines for overcoming such problems based on their experience within this project. Crossing the Border will be of particular interest to researchers and practitioners in the area of factory automation, to students and researchers in AI, and to all those interested in the human and organisational issues surrounding the computerised factory of the future.

This book is concerned with problems and solutions associated with the exchange of data between different computer aided design, engineering and manufacturing (CAx) systems. After an analysis of the current problems a new strategy consisting of a test methodology, check software and tools for the improvement of the data exchange process are discussed. The particular problems associated with the transfer of curve and surface data are expanded upon and new methods to overcome them presented. With all these tools a system-specific adaption of neutral files is made possible. Thus the integration of several incompatible CAx systems within devel- opment and production processes can be effectively improved. In order to exclude incorrect data a new methodology for neutral file processor tests has been worked out. Finally, the benefits resulting from this new strategy are shown by the example of data transfer not only between CAx systems but also between consecutive production processes.

This second book in our series Artificial Intelligence and Society explores the issues involved in the design and application of human-centred systems in the manufacturing area. At first glance it may appear that a book on this topic is somewhat peripheral to the main concerns of the series. In fact, although starting from an engineering perspective, the book addresses some of the pivotal issues confronting those who apply new technology in general and artificial intelligence (AI) systems in particular. Above all, the book invites us to consider whether the present applications of technology are such as to make the best use of human skill and ingenuity and at the same time provide for realistic and economically sustainable systems design solutions. To do so it is necessary to provide systems which support the skill, and are amenable to the cultures, of the areas of application in question. In a philosophical sense it means providing tools to support skills rather than machines which replace them, to use Heidegger's distinction. The book gives an authoritative account of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) tradition of human-centredness and provides a participatory design ap proach which focuses on collaborative learning and enhancement and creation of new skills. It also argues that collaboration should be supported by institutions through the creation of supportive infrastructures and research environments. It emphasises the optimisation of practical knowledge with the help of scientific knowledge and rejects the alternative."

The impact of CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) on the competitiveness of industry is nowadays well acknowledged. Significant increases in productivity, reduction of production costs and the ability to modify operations quickly are amongst the gains made when applying CIM technologies. The integration of automation islands and the application of information technology throughout manufacturing and engineering environments constitute key tasks for European industry. ESPRIT (European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology) is a pre-competitive industry-oriented collaborative research and development programme in information technology. The programme is managed and co-funded by the European Community and is organised in close liaison with industry, national administ rations and the research Community. ESPRIT has the following three objectives: - To provide the European information technology industry with the basic technologies to meet the competitive requirements of the 1990s; - To promote European industrial cooperation in information technology; - To pave the way for standards. The CIM part of the ESPRIT programme addresses the application of information technology in industrial environments. CIM-Europe is an information and awareness activity of ESPRIT. Its aim is to consolidate and enhance the effects of ESPRIT CIM by disseminating information on progress and achievements in the programme. It stimulates interaction between project teams in CIM and other areas, encouraging the development and the application of CIM techniques to the benefit of European industry. CIM-Europe's main activities are meetings (Study Groups, Workshops and its Annual Conference) and publications (Notices and Proceedings) ."

This volume aims at giving an updated account of the most relevant issues in the area of Flexible Manufacturing Systems with special emphasis to the problems of Simulation, Modelling, Planning, Scheduling, Economical Evaluation. A tutorial description of these topics is provided from the perspective of Operations Research. Both stochastic and deterministic models are taken into consideration and real world applications are considered. An annotated bibliography is provided at the end of the volume. Contributions: Akella: Real time part dispatch in flexible assembly, test and manufacturing systems; Arbib, Lucertini, Nicolo: Optimization models for FMS; Archetti, Sciomachen: Development, analysis and simulation of Petri net models: an application to AGV systems; Buzacott: Flexible models of FMS, and Modelling FMS; Filippini, Rovetta: Economic aspects in factory automation in relation to system flexibility; Fishman: Statistical considerations in the simulation of FMS; Jovane: Flexible automation, a need for industry - a challenge for research; Maione, Fanti, Turchiano: Large scale Markov chain modelling of transfer lines; Romanin-Jacur: FMS queueing network. Models theory and applications; Serafini, Ukovich, Kirchner, Giardina, Tiozzo: Job shop scheduling, a case study; Taylor: Advanced robotics in FMS; Villa: Hierarchical architectures for production planning and control; Deserti, Giraldo: FMS, a classification of recent literature."

Batch manufactcring is a dominant manufacturing activity in the world, generating a great deal of industrial output. In the coming years, we are going to witness an era of mass customization of products. The major problems in batch manufacturing are a high level of product variety and small manufacturing lot sizes. The product variations present design engineers with the problem of designing many different parts. The decisions made in the design stage significantly affect manufacturing cost, quality and delivery lead times. The impacts of these product variations in manufacturing are high investment in equipment, high tooling costs, complex scheduling and loading, lengthy setup time and costs, excessive scrap and high quality control costs. However, to compete in a global market, it is essential to improve the productivity in small batch manufacturing industries. For this purpose, some innovative methods are needed to reduce product cost, lead time and enhance product quality to help increase market share and profitability. What is also needed is a higher level of integration of the design and manufacturing activities in a company. Group technology provides such a link between design and manufacturing. The adoption of group technology concepts, which allow for small batch production to gain economic advantages similar to mass production while retaining the flexibility of job shop methods, will help address some of the problems.

Improvements in process control, such as defined-accuracy instrumentation structures and computationally intelligent process modeling, enable advanced capabilities such as molecular manufacturing. High Performance Instrumentation and Automation demonstrates how systematizing the design of instrumentation and automation leads to higher performance through more homogeneous systems, which are frequently assisted by rule-based, fuzzy logic, and neural network process descriptions. Incorporate Advanced Performance Enhancements into Your Automation Enterprise The book illustrates generic common core process-to-control concurrent engineering linkages applied to a variety of laboratory and industry automation systems. It outlines: Product properties translated into realizable process variables Axiomatic decoupling of subprocess variables for improved robustness Production planner model-driven goal state execution In situ sensor and control structures for attenuating process disorder Apparatus tolerance design for minimizing process variabilities Production planner remodeling based on product features measurement for quality advancement Coverage also includes multisensor data fusion, high-performance computer I/O design guided by comprehensive error modeling, multiple sensor algorithmic error propagation, robotic axes volumetric accuracy, quantitative video digitization and reconstruction evaluation, and in situ process measurement methods. High Performance Instrumentation and Automation reflects the experience of engineer and author Patrick Garrett, including his role as co-principal investigator for an Air Force intelligent manufacturing initiative. You can download Analysis Suite.xls,, computer-aided design instrumentation software, available in the book's description on the CRC Press website.

Nine revolutionary algorithms that power our computers and smartphones Every day, we use our computers to perform remarkable feats. A simple web search picks out a handful of relevant needles from the world's biggest haystack. Uploading a photo to Facebook transmits millions of pieces of information over numerous error-prone network links, yet somehow a perfect copy of the photo arrives intact. Without even knowing it, we use public-key cryptography to transmit secret information like credit card numbers, and we use digital signatures to verify the identity of the websites we visit. How do our computers perform these tasks with such ease? John MacCormick answers this question in language anyone can understand, using vivid examples to explain the fundamental tricks behind nine computer algorithms that power our PCs, tablets, and smartphones.

Widely used across industrial and manufacturing automation, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) perform a broad range of electromechanical tasks with multiple input and output arrangements, designed specifically to cope in severe environmental conditions such as automotive and chemical plants. Programmable Logic Controllers: A Practical Approach using CoDeSys is a hands-on guide to rapidly gain proficiency in the development and operation of PLCs based on the IEC 61131-3 standard. Using the freely-available* software tool CoDeSys, which is widely used in industrial design automation projects, the author takes a highly practical approach to PLC design using real-world examples. The design tool, CoDeSys, also features a built in simulator/soft PLC enabling the reader to undertake exercises and test the examples. Key features: * Introduces to programming techniques using IEC 61131-3 guidelines in the five PLC-recognised programming languages. * Focuses on a methodical approach to programming, based on Boolean algebra, flowcharts, sequence diagrams and state-diagrams. * Contains a useful methodology to solve problems, develop a structured code and document the programming code. * Covers I/O like typical sensors, signals, signal formats, noise and cabling. * Features Power Point slides covering all topics, example programs and solutions to end-of-chapter exercises via companion website. No prior knowledge of programming PLCs is assumed making this text ideally suited to electronics engineering students pursuing a career in electronic design automation. Experienced PLC users in all fields of manufacturing will discover new possibilities and gain useful tips for more efficient and structured programming. * Register at www.codesys.com www.wiley.com/go/hanssen/logiccontrollers

Motivation for This Book The OPC Foundation provides specifications for data exchange in industrial au- mation. There is a long history of COM/DCOM-based specifications, most pro- nent OPC Data Access (DA), OPC Alarms and Events (A&E), and OPC Historical Data Access (HDA), which are widely accepted in the industry and implemented by almost every system targeting industrial automation. Now the OPC Foundation has released a new generation of OPC specifications called OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). With OPC UA, the OPC Foundation fulfills a technology shift from the retiring COM/DCOM technology to a servi- oriented architecture providing data in a platform-independent manner via Web Services or its own optimized TCP-based protocol. OPC UA unifies the previous specifications into one single address space capable of dealing with current data, alarms and events and the history of current data as well as the event history. A remarkable enhancement of OPC UA is the Address Space Model by which v- dors can expose a rich and extensible information model using object-oriented techniques. OPC UA scales well from intelligent devices, controllers, DCS, and SCADA systems up to MES and ERP systems. It also scales well in its ability to provide information; on the lower end, a model similar to Classic OPC can be used, providing only base information, while at the upper end, highly sophisticated models can be described, providing a large amount of metadata including complex type hierarchies.

Cellular Manufacturing: "One-Piece Flow for Workteams "introduces production teams to basic cellular manufacturing and teamwork concepts and orients them for participating in the design of a new production cell. Use this book to get everyone on board to reduce lead time, work-in-process inventory, and other profit-draining wastes. Each chapter includes an overview and a summary to reinforce concepts, as well as reflection questions, which can be used to encourage group discussions. This volume is part of Productivity Press' "Shopfloor Series," which offers a simple, cost-effective approach for building basic knowledge about key manufacturing improvement topics

Machine Learning under Resource Constraints addresses novel machine learning algorithms that are challenged by high-throughput data, by high dimensions, or by complex structures of the data in three volumes. Resource constraints are given by the relation between the demands for processing the data and the capacity of the computing machinery. The resources are runtime, memory, communication, and energy. Hence, modern computer architectures play a significant role. Novel machine learning algorithms are optimized with regard to minimal resource consumption. Moreover, learned predictions are executed on diverse architectures to save resources. It provides a comprehensive overview of the novel approaches to machine learning research that consider resource constraints, as well as the application of the described methods in various domains of science and engineering. Volume 2 covers machine learning for knowledge discovery in particle and astroparticle physics. Their instruments, e.g., particle detectors or telescopes, gather petabytes of data. Here, machine learning is necessary not only to process the vast amounts of data and to detect the relevant examples efficiently, but also as part of the knowledge discovery process itself. The physical knowledge is encoded in simulations that are used to train the machine learning models. At the same time, the interpretation of the learned models serves to expand the physical knowledge. This results in a cycle of theory enhancement supported by machine learning.

Numerically controlled machine tools (lathes and milling machines) are commonly encountered in modern manufacturing processes. They offer the advantages of automation and the production of finished or nearly-finished articles in one operation. The design of these machines, and particularly the software that drives them, is of great practical importance. In the first part of this book, written principally for the software designers, the differential geometry of parametric curves and surfaces is reviewed. The second part shows how this can be applied in various novel ways to the programming of NC machinery. Throughout the book many detailed illustrations help demonstrate theoretical and practical considerations. The book is based on the author's well-known and long-established course on the subject and is fully up-to-date. It will be a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and and engineers involved in the design of numerically-controlled machinery.

This book has resulted from the activities of IFAC TC 5.2 "Manufacturing Modelling for Management and Control". The book offers an introduction and advanced techniques of scheduling applications to cloud manufacturing and Industry 4.0 systems for larger audience. This book uncovers fundamental principles and recent developments in the theory and application of scheduling methodology to cloud manufacturing and Industry 4.0. The purpose of this book is to present recent developments in scheduling in cloud manufacturing and Industry 4.0 and to systemize these developments in new taxonomies and methodological principles to shape this new research domain. This book addresses the needs of both researchers and practitioners to uncover the challenges and opportunities of scheduling techniques' applications to cloud manufacturing and Industry 4.0. For the first time, it comprehensively conceptualizes scheduling in cloud manufacturing and Industry 4.0 systems as a new research domain. The chapters of the book are written by the leading international experts and utilize methods of operations research, industrial engineering and computer science. Such a multi-disciplinary combination is unique and comprehensively deciphers major problem taxonomies, methodologies, and applications to scheduling in cloud manufacturing and Industry 4.0.

To survive in globally competitive markets manufacturers are going to have to develop a system for mass customization of products. This valuable resource is designed to prepare readers for the future by training them in the latest technologies and processes in the areas of design, manufacturing, and tools of integration.

Carefully refereed and edited papers on the most current developments in the theory and applications of curves and surfaces.

This volume, with its companion volume, contains a selection of papers presented at the Third International Conference on Curves and Surfaces which was held in June 1996 at Chamonix, France. Each book contains several invited survey lectures prepared by leading experts in the fields of approximation theory, computer- aided geometric design, numerical analysis, and wavelets. In addition, each book includes a number of closely related full-length research papers which have been refereed and meticulously edited.

These books should be of great interest to mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists working in the field of Approximation Theory, Computer-Aided Geometric Design (CAGD), Computer Graphics, Numerical Analysis, CAD/CAM, and application areas.

These days, construction companies are beginning to be concerned about a potential labor shortage by demographic changes and an aging construction work force. Also, an improvement in construction safety could not only reduce accidents but also decrease the cost of the construction, and is therefore one of the imperative goals of the construction industry. These challenges correspond to the potential for Automation and Robotics in Construction as one of solutions. Almost half of construction work is said to be material handling and materials used for construction are heavy and bulky for humans. To date, various types of robots have been developed for glazed panel construction. Through the case studies on construction, to which the robots were applied, however, we identified difficulties to be overcome. In this study, a human-robot cooperative system is deduced as one approach to surmount these difficulties; then, considerations on interactions among the operator, robot and environment are applied to design of the system controller. The human-robot cooperative system can cope with various and construction environments through real-time interaction with a human, robot and construction environment simultaneously. The physical power of a robot system helps a human to handle heavy construction materials with a relatively scaled-down load. Also, a human can feel and respond to the force reflected from robot end effecter acting with working environment. Through the experiments and mock-up tests with a prototype robot, we observe the characteristics of the power assist and the force reflection, the merits of the human-robot cooperation system. To apply human-robot cooperative system at real construction sites, Glazed Ceiling Panel Construction Robot is developed for the first time. This robot is distinguished from other glazed panel construction robots because of the methods of lifting the panel to high installation positions and installing the fragile and bulk panel with robot force control. After applying to real construction sites, evaluation on the productivity of the developed robot was done by comparing and analyzing with the existing installation methods.

This volume represents a part of the final documentation of the project, "Layer Manufacturing as a Tool for Reduction of Product Lead Time", called NOR-LMT, founded by Nordic Fund for Technology and Industrial Development, the national research councils in the four countries, and industry. The NOR-LMT project was designed in order to adapt Layer Manufacturing Technology (LMT) to industrial use, and to transfer the technology to the Nordic industry. This intends to develop design procedures, to adapt the different processes to cost efficient use, and to promote industry to take the new and promising technology into practical use.

Get Productive Fast with AutoCAD 2022: Master the Newest AutoCAD Features and Interface In this guide, expert AutoCAD instructors and practitioners show how to efficiently use AutoCAD 2022's powerful features in any interior design, architecture, or space planning project. Covering both 2D and 3D drawings, the authors walk you step-by-step through using AutoCAD 2022 prompts and commands, and fully mastering AutoCAD's current interface, including the revised Start tab and floating Drawing tabs. AutoCAD 2022 for Interior Design and Space Planning has been thoroughly updated to reflect changes since AutoCAD 2015, from importing content with DesignCenter to creating solid modeling walkthroughs with 3DWALK and Animation Motion. It's packed with features for better classroom and self-paced learning: 600+ updated illustrations and 100+ exercises demonstrating AutoCAD's role in modern interior design, architecture, and space planning Moves from basic commands to complex drawings, helping learners build on what they've learned and quickly get productive Numbered step-by-step exercises help students learn in realistic situations, and then practice on their own Includes drawing layouts, plotting drawings, and using architectural scales to measure distances Several projects guide learners to create a tenant space, a hotel room, lecture and conference rooms, and a wheelchair-accessible commercial restroom appropriate for interior design, space planning, and architecture students