The conservation of metallic archaeological and historic artefacts is a major challenge whether they are ancient bronzes or relics of our more recent industrial past. Based on the work of Working Party 21 Corrosion of Archaeological and Historical Artefacts within the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC), this important book summarises key recent research on analytical techniques, understanding corrosion processes and preventing the corrosion of cultural heritage metallic artefacts.
After an introductory part on some of the key issues in this area, part two reviews the range of analytical techniques for measuring and analysing corrosion processes, including time resolved spectroelectrochemistry, voltammetry and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Part three reviews different types of corrosion processes for a range of artefacts, whilst part four discusses on-site monitoring techniques. The final part of the book summaries a range of conservation techniques and strategies to conserve cultural heritage metallic artefacts.
Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts is an important reference for all those involved in archaeology and conservation, including governments, museums as well as those undertaking research in archaeology and corrosion science.
Summarises key research on analytical techniques for measuring and analysing corrosion processesProvides detailed understanding of corrosion processes and corrosion preventionDiscusses on-site monitoring techniques

Edward Jenner is perhaps the world's most famous doctor. He developed a vaccination for smallpox beginning in 1796, long before the world knew about bacteria and viruses. He has been described as `the man who saved more lives than anyone else'. He bought The Chantry at Berkeley in 1785 and modified it to make a home fit for his beloved wife, Catherine. This book is the result of a three-year investigation that set out to discover the house that Jenner prepared for Catherine. It traces the origin of the house, which was built in 1707, and the many changes throughout the next 300 years. It turns out that the site has a history going back to Anglo-Saxon times. Edward Jenner lived there for only thirty-six years, but the house has been much changed since. The investigation set out to define the house that Edward Jenner lived in, separating it from the original and many changes afterwards. The book includes a great deal of information and stories about the people involved, including Edward Jenner and his family and estate. It also includes the inventory of Jenner's goods in 1823 and profiles of the internal plasterwork, which may be of interest to restorers and historians.

Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures, Second Edition covers the corrosion of steel reinforced concrete, along with a variety of new topics and future trends. Sections discuss the theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures, analyze the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel, cover measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission, review protection and maintenance methods, and analyze modeling. Topics covered include the steel/concrete interface, the influence of steel microstructure on its corrosion in concrete, data collection and analysis on chloride-induced corrosion, corrosion detection devices, and new advances.

Analytical Approaches for Reinforced Concrete presents mathematically-derived theories and equations for RC design and construction. The book applies deductive reasoning, logic and mathematics to RC. Laying out, deductively, the principles of RC, it encourages researchers to re-imagine and innovate using a solid conceptual framework. Sections consider the reasoning behind key theories, as well as problems that remain unsolved. The title presents key ideas in simple language and illustrates them clearly to help the reader grasp difficult concepts and develop a solid foundation, grounded in mathematics, for further study and research. The book is future-oriented, demonstrating theories that are applicable not only to conventional reinforced concrete members, but also to the envisaged structures of tomorrow. Such developments will increasingly require a deep, deductive understanding of RC. This title is the first of its kind, presenting a fresh analytical approach to reinforced concrete design and construction.

High-strength materials offer alternatives to frequently used materials for high-rise construction. A material of higher strength means a smaller member size is required to resist the design load. However, high-strength concrete is brittle, and high-strength thin steel plates are prone to local buckling. A solution to overcome such problems is to adopt a steel-concrete composite design in which concrete provides lateral restraint to steel plates against local buckling, and steel plates provide confinement to high-strength concrete. Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures Using High Strength Materials provides guidance on the design of composite steel-concrete structures using combined high-strength concretes and steels. The book includes a database of over 2,500 test results on composite columns to evaluate design methods, and presents calculations to determine critical parameters affecting the strength and ductility of high-strength composite columns. Finally, the book proposes design methods for axial-moment interaction curves in composite columns. This allows a unified approach to the design of columns with normal- and high-strength steel concrete materials. This book offers civil engineers, structural engineers, and researchers studying the mechanical performance of composite structures in the use of high-strength materials to design and construct advanced tall buildings.

During earthquakes, masonry buildings are the most affected, and consequently, damage to these buildings leads to massive loss of life and property. Masonry buildings comprise probably the greatest share of overall housing stock, and in turn, understanding their performance during earthquakes is a pivotal problem in seismic regions. Masonry Construction in Active Seismic Regions presents details on the kinds of masonry building found in seismic regions of the world. The title describes interventions, such as retrofitted solutions, dynamic identification, and improved construction after earthquakes, that are equally applicable to regions of moderate and high seismicity. The book covers representative masonry buildings from active seismic regions, the material properties of masonry construction, numerical modelling techniques and computational advances, seismic performance of non-engineered masonry buildings, resilience in typical construction, retrofitting, and the cultural values and structural characterization of heritage masonry buildings in active seismic regions. This book is unique in its global and systematic coverage of masonry construction in seismic regions.

Eco-Efficient Rendering Mortars: Use of Recycled Materials focuses on the use of waste materials into cement-based renders, discussing the origins, treatment processes and properties of relevant wastes. The book dispels mistrust through demonstrating the technical feasibility and environmental benefits of eco-efficient rendering mortars. It considers the characteristics of different waste products, such as aggregates, fillers, binders and additions. The functional requirements of renders are also discussed alongside their impact. Finally, the title considers the lifecycle and durability of modified mortars. This book offers robust support and clear guidance on the use of wastes as a substitute for natural aggregates and binders.

This guidance covers the practical application of photogrammetry in recording cultural heritage, with particular reference to structure from motion (SfM) techniques. Our audience for this document includes survey contractors, archaeological contractors, voluntary organisations and specialists. Photogrammetric image acquisition and processing, until recently requiring a considerable investment in hardware and software, are now possible at a fraction of their former cost. This has led to a huge increase in the use of photogrammetry in cultural heritage recording. The skills required to apply the techniques successfully and accurately are discussed, and background information on how various parts of the process work is provided so that better results can be achieved through better understanding. Photogrammetry is characterised by its versatility, and is applicable over a wide range of scales, from landscapes to small objects. The particular requirements needed at these different scales are outlined, and both imaging techniques and useful ancillary equipment are described. The different types of outputs are discussed, including their suitability for further interrogation using a range of established analytical techniques and the presentation options available. A range of case studies illustrates the application of photogrammetry across a variety of projects that broadly reflect the areas discussed in the text. This document is one of a number of Historic England technical advice documents on how to survey historic places.

This guidance on Building Information Modelling for heritage (Historic BIM) offers guidance for owners, end-users and professionals in the fields of heritage and construction. By raising awareness of the potential advantages of a BIM approach, this guidance will help users successfully implement BIM in heritage projects. Historic BIM is, by definition, a multi-disciplinary process that requires the input and collaboration of professionals with very different skillsets. It is also a fast-developing field in terms of research, official guidance, standards and professional practice. This publication addresses the issues surrounding the production and use of BIM for history buildings, and provides information about guidance and standards available elsewhere for managing a building's entire life cycle effectively.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Composite and Reinforced Concrete Beams presents advanced methods and techniques for the analysis of composite and FRP reinforced concrete beams. The title introduces detailed numerical modeling methods and the modeling of the structural behavior of composite beams, including critical interfacial bond-slip behavior. It covers a new family of composite beam elements developed by the authors. Other sections cover nonlinear finite element analysis procedures and the numerical modeling techniques used in commercial finite element software that will be of particular interest to engineers and researchers executing numerical simulations.

This guidance describes a method of recording historic buildings for the purpose of historical understanding using analytical site drawing and measuring by hand. The techniques described here have a long tradition of being used to aid understanding by observation and close contact with building fabric. They can be used by all involved in making records of buildings of all types and ages, but are particularly useful for vernacular buildings and architectural details which are crucial to the history of a building or site. . Record drawings are best used alongside other recording techniques such as written reports and photography or to supplement digital survey data. They can also be used as a basis for illustrations that disseminate understanding to wider audiences.