This book analyzes how police dogs are used in modern law enforcement, with particular emphasis on the evidence their work provides, how that evidence is evaluated for forensics purposes, and the conditions under which courts will accept or reject canine-related evidence. Law enforcement canine handlers should understand how their work with a skilled police dog will affect the subsequent investigation and prosecution of the crime. Forensics scientists should be able to tell their handlers how they and their dog can help solve the crime, and what procedures are optimal for finding and processing evidence. Similarly, the forensics specialist should understand the boundaries of admissibility of the evidence she produces, and in this way help the prosecutor. The prosecutor wants to be sure that the evidence provided by the police and forensics personnel will withstand challenges from the defense and skepticism from the courts. Defense counsel should be aware of the process by which evidence has been produced, and should understand where that evidence might be sufficiently weak as to be excludable by a challenge. Finally, the judiciary -- beginning with the trial judge but continuing up through the appellate system -- must understand the value and limits of canine evidence. This book is written for all these participants in the criminal justice system.

The legendary Jack the Ripper murdered as many as ten women between the years of 1887 and 1891 in the East End of London. The debate over his true identity has never been resolved. This unbiased history of the various suspects, including two women, will give any reader a grounding on which to make an informed decision on the identity. Suspects include influential artist Walter Sickert, children's author Lewis Carroll, Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill (father of Winston Churchill), and others ranging from doctors and politicians to wandering lunatics. The encyclopedic entries provide such features as major events and other biographical data in a suspect's life, a complete case chronology for particular suspects, and an analysis of the theories. The entries describe the research and reasons that have contributed to the suspect's positive or negative candidacy as a viable suspect. Within these pages may lie the true Jack the Ripper--the author places all the available facts before the reader.

Forensic scientists, law enforcement, and crime scene investigators are often tasked with reconstruction of events based on crime scene evidence, and the subsequent analysis of that evidence. The use and misuse of firearms to perpetrate crimes from theft to murder necessitates numerous invitations to reconstruct shooting incidents. The discharge of firearms and the behavior of projectiles create many forms of physical evidence that, through proper testing and interpretation by a skilled forensic scientist, can establish what did and what did not occur. This book is generated from the authors' numerous years of conducting courses and seminars on the subject of shooting incident reconstruction. It seeks to thoroughly address matters from simple to complex in providing the reader an explanation of the factors surrounding ballistics, trajectory, and shooting scenes. The ultimate objectives of this unique book are to assist investigators, crime scene analysts, pathologists, ballistics experts, and lawyers to understand the terminology, science, and factors involved in reconstructing shooting incident events to solve forensic cases. The book will cover the full range of related topics including the range from which a firearm was discharged, the sequence of shots in a multiple discharge shooting incident, the position of a firearm at the moment of discharge, the position of a victim at the moment of impact, the probable flight path of a projectile, the manner in which a firearm was discharged and much more.
- Written by the most well-respected shooting scene and ballistics experts in the world
- Contains over 200 full-color diagrams and photographs that support and illustrate key concepts
- Case studies illustrate real-world application of technical concepts

Every year, esteemed scholars and practitioners meet at the International Police Executive Symposium to discuss contemporary issues in policing and share ideas about effective strategies in their jurisdictions. Drawn from the proceedings at the Thirteenth Annual Meeting held in Turkey and updated with new developments since the conference, Strategic Responses to Crime: Thinking Locally, Acting Globally describes how local police agencies are addressing issues of crime that have global implications. With contributions from a diverse panel of experts, the book combines scholarly perspectives with those of practitioners and explores issues in various cultural settings worldwide. Topics discussed include: Community policing and police innovations such as safety and security councils Performance management systems in police organizations Efforts to combat drug cultivation and trafficking International terrorism and individuals' motivations for joining terrorist organizations Approaches for handling and policing the mentally ill in accordance with human rights concerns Cybercrime and child sexual abuse Crime scene assessment, information gathering, and case development and management Jurisprudence, law, and empirical research related to racial profiling in the United States Computer technology and crime analysis tools and models Emerging police administration strategies Combining empirical evidence from scholarly studies with in-the-trenches experience from practitioners, this volume assembles critical insight into a range of issues relevant to policing in the 21st century.

Increasingly, crimes and fraud are digital in nature, occurring at breakneck speed and encompassing large volumes of data. To combat this unlawful activity, knowledge about the use of machine learning technology and software is critical. Machine Learning Forensics for Law Enforcement, Security, and Intelligence integrates an assortment of deductive and instructive tools, techniques, and technologies to arm professionals with the tools they need to be prepared and stay ahead of the game.

Step-by-step instructions

The book is a practical guide on how to conduct forensic investigations using self-organizing clustering map (SOM) neural networks, text extraction, and rule generating software to "interrogate the evidence." This powerful data is indispensable for fraud detection, cybersecurity, competitive counterintelligence, and corporate and litigation investigations. The book also provides step-by-step instructions on how to construct adaptive criminal and fraud detection systems for organizations.

Prediction is the key

Internet activity, email, and wireless communications can be captured, modeled, and deployed in order to anticipate potential cyber attacks and other types of crimes. The successful prediction of human reactions and server actions by quantifying their behaviors is invaluable for pre-empting criminal activity. This volume assists chief information officers, law enforcement personnel, legal and IT professionals, investigators, and competitive intelligence analysts in the strategic planning needed to recognize the patterns of criminal activities in order to predict when and where crimes and intrusions are likely to take place.

This book is about the highly controversial use of supergrasses from loyalist and republican paramilitary organizations in Northern Ireland during the 1980s. 'Supergrasses' are informers or suspects prepared to testify in court against their alleged ex-confederates in return for rewards such as immunity from prosecution, lenient sentences, and new identities. The trials in Northern Ireland in which they featured were some of the largest ever conducted in the United Kingdom. In this thought-provoking study, Steven Greer analyses these proceedings and traces their origins in the murky world of counter-terrorism and intelligence-gathering. The case for stronger legal safeguards receives particularly strong support from the extensive comparisons with similar processes in other countries. The publication of this book could hardly be more timely; Northern Ireland is once again at the top of the political agenda in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and recent developments have ensured that the Troubles are once again the focus of widespread international attention. The current mood of optimism provides an ideal opportunity for the lessons contained in this book to be properly learned and applied.

From the New York Times bestselling authors of The Nazi Conspiracy and The Lincoln Conspiracy comes a true, little-known story about the first assassination attempt on John F. Kennedy, right before his inauguration.

Kennedy, the thirty-fifth president of the United States, is often ranked among Americans’ most well-liked presidents. Yet what most Americans don’t know is that JFK’s historic presidency almost ended before it began―at the hands of a disgruntled sociopathic loner armed with dynamite.

On December 11, 1960, shortly after Kennedy’s election and before his inauguration, a retired postal worker named Richard Pavlick waited in his car―a parked Buick―on a quiet street in Palm Beach, Florida. Pavlick knew the president-elect’s schedule. He knew when Kennedy would leave his house. He knew where Kennedy was going. From there, Pavlick had a simple plan―one that could’ve changed the course of history.

Written in the gripping, page-turning style that is the hallmark of Brad Meltzer and Josh Mensch’s bestselling series, this is a slice of history vividly brought to life. Meltzer and Mensch are at the top of their game with this brilliant exploration of what could’ve been for one of the most compelling leaders of the 20th century.

From sexual abuse and fetishism to necrophilia and sadomasochism, this unique volume identifies fourteen classifications of unusual sexual pathologies. Emphasizing the physical and psychological aspects of sexuality itself, the book presents detailed comparisons of legal and medical definitions, historical aspects, current incidence, and geographical prevalence of these offenses. It also explores the potential causes, discussing etiological theories and reviewing psychopathology. Highlighting the cross-cultural nature of the forensic aspects of human sexuality, the book examines various case studies in the context of international legislation. It also covers minor aberrant behavior such as coprolalia and troilism.

The study of police history in Scotland has largely been neglected. Little is known about the Scottish police's origins, development and character despite growing interest in the machinery of law enforcement in other parts of the United Kingdom. This book seeks to remedy this deficiency. Based on extensive archival research, its central aim is to provide an in-depth analysis of the economic, social, intellectual and political factors that shaped police reform, development and policy in Scottish burghs during the 'Age of Improvement'. The key issues addressed include: the workings of traditional forms of law enforcement and why these were increasingly deemed to be unsuitable by the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; why, and in what ways, the pattern, nature and origins of police development in urban Scotland differed from elsewhere in Britain; in what ways the Scottish police model compared and contrasted with other British models; the impact of police reform on urban governance and the struggle between social groups for control of the local state; the concerns and priorities behind police policy. In addressing these questions, Police in the Age of Improvement moves beyond many of the 'problem-response' interpretations which have preoccupied many police historians, and locates reform within the wider contexts of urban improvement, municipal administration and Scottish Enlightenment thought. It will be essential reading for anyone interested in the history of policing, urban management and social change in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

A burial environment is a complex and dynamic system. It plays host to an abundance of interdependent chemical, physical, and biological processes, which are greatly influenced by the inclusion of a body and its subsequent decay. However, while taphonomy continues to emerge as a valuable forensic tool, until now most of the attention has been on the cadaver rather than the grave itself.
"Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy: Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains "is the first book to concentrate entirely on the telling impact of soil and its components on the postmortem fate of human remains. Examining the basic physicochemical composition of the soil as it relates to forensic science and taphonomy, leading experts from across the world-

- Offer an introduction to the nature, distribution, and origin of soil materials in forensic comparisons

- Discuss the action of biological soil components, including invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria

- Address rates and processes of decomposition and time of death estimates

- Detail methods for characterizing and fingerprinting soils

- Provide extensive information on the decomposition of hair

Edited by Mark Tibbett, a soil microbiologist and David Carter, a forensic scientist, this unique resourceprovides an up-to-date overview of fundamental scientific principles and methods used in forensic taphonomy from a soils-based perspective. It provides an understanding of the processes at work, as well as practical methods and advice for those involved with active investigation.

The aim of this book is to examine the qualities of leadership and decision making in the police service. Based on groundbreaking research using unique, advanced methods for examining policing in complex critical incident environments, the book focuses principally on a series of police debriefs following live major critical incidents. It captures the views of the Senior Investigating Officers (SIOs) who worked on these cases and draws upon the very rich set of experiences that they have had in dealing with complex, stressful and demanding enquiries. Key features of this book include: an introduction to new methods for exploring leadership and decision making in critical incidents; and, a review of leadership and decision making specific to critical incidents and policing. leadership and decision making, for senior police officers involved in critical incident management, for organisational psychologists who work within policing, and for students whose area of study covers policing, decision making or criminal investigation.

This book provides the most comprehensive and authoritative book yet published on the subject of criminal investigation, a rapidly developing area within the police and other law enforcement agencies, and an important sub discipline within police studies. The subject is rarely out of the headlines, and there is widespread media interest in criminal investigation. Within the police rapid strides are being made in the direction of professionalizing the criminal investigation process, and it has been a particular focus as a means of improving police performance. A number of important reports have been published in the last few years, highlighting the importance of the criminal investigation process not only to the work of the police but to public confidence in this. Each of these reports has identified shortcomings in the way criminal investigations have been conducted, and has made recommendations for improvement . The Handbook of Criminal Investigation provides a rigorous and critical approach to not only the process of criminal investigation, but also the context in which this takes place, the theory underlying it, and the variety of factors which influence approaches to it. It will be an indispensable source of reference for anybody with an interest in, and needing to know about, criminal investigation. Contributors to the book are drawn from both practitioners in the field and academics.

This book provides the most comprehensive and authoritative book yet published on the subject of criminal investigation, a rapidly developing area within the police and other law enforcement agencies, and an important sub discipline within police studies. The subject is rarely out of the headlines, and there is widespread media interest in criminal investigation. Within the police rapid strides are being made in the direction of professionalizing the criminal investigation process, and it has been a particular focus as a means of improving police performance. A number of important reports have been published in the last few years, highlighting the importance of the criminal investigation process not only to the work of the police but to public confidence in this. Each of these reports has identified shortcomings in the way criminal investigations have been conducted, and has made recommendations for improvement . The Handbook of Criminal Investigation provides a rigorous and critical approach to not only the process of criminal investigation, but also the context in which this takes place, the theory underlying it, and the variety of factors which influence approaches to it. It will be an indispensable source of reference for anybody with an interest in, and needing to know about, criminal investigation. Contributors to the book are drawn from both practitioners in the field and academics.

Police and People in London is still the largest and most detailed study of a police force and its relations with the public that has yet been undertaken in Britain. The twenty-three years since its publication has seen a constantly-accelerating rate of change in the legal framework of policing, in the arrangements for democratic accountability of the police, in the technologies involved in crime and policing, in management structures and methods in the police service, in financial control systems imposed by central government and in methods of assessing police performance. Over the same period, crime control has moved from the bottom to the top of the political agenda, leading to increasing pressure on the police to be seen to be effective. Transformations of Policing returns to the central issues discussed in 1983 and considers whether the main conclusions need to be revised in the light of what has happened since. It also reviews areas of debate and research that have emerged more recently and highlights areas of turbulence that are creating fundamentally different patterns from before and raising genuinely new questions.

Computer Forensics: Evidence Collection and Management examines cyber-crime, E-commerce, and Internet activities that could be used to exploit the Internet, computers, and electronic devices. The book focuses on the numerous vulnerabilities and threats that are inherent on the Internet and networking environments and presents techniques and suggestions for corporate security personnel, investigators, and forensic examiners to successfully identify, retrieve, and protect valuable forensic evidence for litigation and prosecution. The book is divided into two major parts for easy reference. The first part explores various crimes, laws, policies, forensic tools, and the information needed to understand the underlying concepts of computer forensic investigations. The second part presents information relating to crime scene investigations and management, disk and file structure, laboratory construction and functions, and legal testimony. Separate chapters focus on investigations involving computer systems, e-mail, and wireless devices. Presenting information patterned after technical, legal, and managerial classes held by computer forensic professionals from Cyber Crime Summits held at Kennesaw State University in 2005 and 2006, this book is an invaluable resource for those who want to be both efficient and effective when conducting an investigation.

Formally established by the EPA nearly 15 years ago, the concept of green chemistry is beginning to come of age. Although several books cover green chemistry and chemical engineering, none of them transfer green principles to science and technology in general and their impact on the future. Defining industrial ecology, Environmental Science and Technology: A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology provides a general overview of green science and technology and their essential role in ensuring environmental sustainability. Written by a leading expert, the book provides the essential background for understanding green science and technology and how they relate to sustainability. In addition to the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere traditionally covered in environmental science books, this book is unique in recognizing the anthrosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment. The author explains how the anthrosphere can be designed and operated in a manner that does not degrade environmental quality and, in most favorable circumstances, may even enhance it. With the current emphasis shifting from end-of-pipe solutions to pollution prevention and control of resource consumption, green principles are increasingly moving into the mainstream. This book provides the foundation not only for understanding green science and technology, but also for taking its application to the next level.

While the history of the uniformed police has prompted considerable research, the historical study of police detectives has been largely neglected; confined for the most part to a chapter or a brief mention in books dealing with the development of the police in general. The collection redresses this imbalance. Investigating themes central to the history of detection, such as the inchoate distinction between criminals and detectives, the professionalisation of detective work and the establishment of colonial police forces, the book provides a the first detailed examination of detectives as an occupational group, with a distinct occupational culture. Essays discuss the complex relationship between official and private law enforcers and examine the ways in which the FBI in the U.S.A. and the Gestapo in Nazi Germany operated as instruments of state power. The dynamic interaction between the fictional and the real life image of the detective is also explored. Expanding on themes and approaches introduced in recent academic research of police history, the comparative studies included in this collection provide new insights into the development of both plain-clothes policing and law enforcement in general, illuminating the historical importance of bureaucratic and administrative changes that occurred within the state system.

This book reviews the position of investigative interviewing in a variety of different countries, with different types of criminal justice systems, and consists of chapters written by leading authorities in the field, both academics and practitioners. A wide range of often controversial questions are addressed, including issues raised by the treatment of detainees at Guantanamo Bay, The Reid model for interviewing and miscarriages of justice, and the role of legislation in preventing bad practice. Observations are made in the effectiveness of ethical interviewing, investigative interviewing and human rights, responses to miscarriages of justice, and the likely future of investigative interviewing. The book also makes comparisons between British and American approaches to detention without trial, and the role of confession evidence within adversarial legal systems. It also develops a set of proposals to minimize the risks of miscarriages of justice, irrespective of jurisdiction.

Since the 9.11 attacks in North America and the accession of the Schengen Accord in Europe there has been widespread concern with international borders, the passage of people and the flow of information across borders. States have fundamentally changed the ways in which they police and monitor this mobile population and its personal data. This book brings together leading authorities in the field who have been working on the common problem of policing and surveillance at physical and virtual borders at a time of increased perceived threat. It is concerned with both theoretical and empirical aspects of the ways in which the modern state attempts to control its borders and mobile population. It will be essential reading for students, practitioners, policy makers.

Crime science is a new discipline that has the aim of understanding better how to prevent and detect crime, drawing on criminology, economics, psychology, mathematics, geography, architecture and other fields to examine crime patterns and to develop solutions to these problems. It provides an integrated approach to crime which its proponents believe will improve detection of crime, reduce the impact of crime and result in less crime in society. This book provides an introduction to crime science, setting out its essentials. It provides a major statement of the nature and aspirations of crime science and presents a series of case studies providing examples, in different settings, of the approach in action, ranging from preventing crime within correctional institutions to the use of techniques such as DNA fast tracking for burglary. It is structured so as to cover the fundamentals of crime science, with sections on methodology, prevention and detection.

In the early hours of Valentine's Day 2013, Olympic athlete Oscar Pistorius killed his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, shooting her multiple times while she cowered behind the locked door of their bathroom. His trial has attracted more international media attention and public scrutiny than any since that of OJ Simpson. What went on behind the scenes though? And what was the real Reeva like, away from the photo shoots and the attention of the media?

A beautiful 29 year old from Port Elizabeth, Reeva graduated as a lawyer and campaigned for human rights causes before deciding to try the world of modelling in South Africa's most vibrant city. Her relationship with international hero Oscar Pistorius seemed like a fairy tale of triumph over adversity - double amputee turned champion athlete meets small town girl with beauty and brains wanting to make her mark on the world. No one could have predicted the tragic and horrifying conclusion to that fairy tale.

Reeva's mother, June Steenkamp, has kept a dignified silence throughout the long months since she received the phone call every mother dreads. In this painfully honest and unflinching account of Reeva's life, she talks about what really went on in her mind as she sat in the packed Pretoria court room day after day and how she is coping in the aftermath of the verdict.

Reeva: A Mother's Story is the only true insider's account of this tragic story.

Ten percent of the world's population lives on islands, but until now the place and space characteristics of islands in criminological theory have not been deeply considered. This book moves beyond the question of whether islands have more, or less, crime than other places, and instead addresses issues of how, and by whom, crime is defined in island settings, which crimes are policed and visible, and who is subject to regulation. These questions are informed by 'the politics of place and belonging' and the distinctive social networks and normative structures of island communities.

First published in 1999, this volume brings together a unique range of previously unpublished studies that explore the psychological processes involved in interviewing, statement validation, detecting deception and the use of expert witnesses for the examination of such processes. One major challenge of any police enquiry is to filter out the distortions in the collection, collation and employment of the information on which all subsequent actions rely. These distortions may be produced by poor witness recall, deliberate obfuscation and deception, professional negligence or as a product of a variety of communication problems. The contributors to the volume tackle these and many related issues. Recent developments in our understanding of the investigative interview process are covered in a number of insightful studies by leading researchers, combining academic rigour with direct practical relevance. The wide range of topics covered in this volume will be of value and interest to all students of crime and its investigation as well as those who have a broader interest in interviewing and the assessment of information from naturally occurring accounts. Social scientists and those psychologists concerned to develop their understanding of accounts of crime will find the volume of particular utility, as will all those in law enforcement who wish to see an improvement in these crucial aspects of all criminal investigations.

AN INSIDE LOOK INTO INVESTIGATING THE MOST VIOLENT SUB-CULTURE IN THE WORLD

Once an offender is behind bars, many people believe that he is no longer a threat to society. However, the felonious activities of confined inmates reach out into society every day. These inmates run lucrative drug operations, commit fraud, hire contract murders, and commit a multitude of criminal offenses from inside the walls of our prisons. This book provides an in-depth resource guide to the relatively new field of corrections investigation.

Illustrating the differences between street and prison investigations, Practical Criminal Investigations in Correctional Facilities provides a detailed list of how tos as well as numerous captivating case histories and photographs of actual crime scenes and evidentiary items. Chapters on intelligence gathering, undercover operations, and the use of confidential informants will aid you in the complex crimes that sometimes even involve officers and civilians. The book also covers legal aspects such as warrants, court preparation, and testimony to help you take a case from investigation to prosecution.

Prison investigators must be able to respond effectively to every crime imaginable, from a grizzly homicide to a complex fraud case. Whether you're a long-time administrator or a novice criminal justice professional, Practical Criminal Investigations in Correctional Facilities gives you sound advice on how to handle crime in a community in which 100% of the population are convicted felons.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Coming from a family whose involvement with law enforcement dates back to the Civil War, William Bell's own education and career spans more than thirty years. Greatly influenced by his father, a retired Police Inspector, he began with the Dearborn, Michigan, Police Department where his responsibilities included work in road patrol, SWAT, undercover narcotics, and pattern crime. For nearly twenty years the author has been employed by the Colorado Department of Corrections, where he ultimately gained his expertise with the Criminal Investigation Division. He is noted for taking the investigation of prison crime into the streets.

Investigating Murder provides a unique insight into how police detectives investigate and solve murders. Based upon observation of murder squads at work, interviews with detectives and detailed analysis of police case files, it provides an original and innovative account of the practices and processes involved in the investigation of serious violent crimes, as well as some of the problems that are often encountered in the conduct of this work.