The treatment of vulnerable witnesses is an area which has seen great change over the past 20 years. The 1989 Pigot report made a variety of recommendations and suggestions for improvement and this marked the early stages of this process of change. This book is designed to be an invaluable, practical source of help to all those working in the complex area of vulnerable witnesses. It is structured to follow the chronology of an investigation from the first steps of identifying a vulnerable witness through to trial and includes helpful case studies with examples outlining potential pitfalls during the investigation and possible solutions. The book covers key topics such as identifying vulnerable witnesses, protection of vulnerable witnesses throughout the criminal justice process, pre-interview contact, assessing competence, multi-agency working, interviewing and pre-trial preparation. The treatment of vulnerable witnesses by police investigators and others involved in the criminal justice system is likely to come under increased scrutiny in the future with the Victims' Code of Practice and the Witness Charter. This book considers the many changes and new documentation in the area including the Victims and Witnesses' Commission, the revised edition of 'Achieving Best Evidence' and the Mental Capacity Act 2005, Code of Practice. This book is an essential guide and reference. The Blackstone's Practical Policing Series is a collection of highly practical, up-to-date titles covering a range of essential subjects in today's policing arena. Developed from a detailed understanding of police information needs, this series seeks to explain the relevant law, practice and procedure from a police officer's perspective. The first practical guide in this area, with all relevant systems and methods explained in one accessible volume.

For as long as we have been researching human memory, psychologists have been investigating how people remember and forget. This research is regularly drawn upon in our legal systems. Historically, we have relied upon eyewitness memory to help judge responsibility and adjudicate truth, but memory is malleable, prone to error, and susceptible to bias. Even confident eyewitnesses make mistakes, and even accurate witnesses sometimes find their testimony subjected to harsh scrutiny. Emerging from this environment, the Cognitive Interview (CI) became a means of assisting cooperative witnesses with recalling more information without sacrificing accuracy. First used by police interviewing adult witnesses, it is now used with many populations in many contexts, including public health, accident reconstruction, and the interrogation of terror suspects. Evidence-Based Investigative Interviewing reviews the application of cognitive research to investigative interviewing, revealing how principles of cognition, memory, and social dynamics may increase the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. It provides evidence-based applications for investigators beyond the forensic domain in areas such as eyewitness identification, detecting deception, and interviewing children. Drawing together the work of thirty-three authors across both the academic and practice communities, this comprehensive collection is essential reading for researchers in psychology, forensics, and disciplines such as epidemiology and gerontology.

Fraud costs the United Kingdom a reported GBP198 billion per year and the Crime Survey for England and Wales (March 2016) estimates that there are over 5 million incidents of fraud and 2 million cyber-related crimes committed annually. Preventing and investigating fraud has become a priority for police officers and establishing successful, effective strategies to tackle this new volume crime represents a significant and persistent challenge for the police service. Investigation of Fraud and Economic Crime is written by experts from, and affiliated to, the City of London Police, the lead force for fraud in the UK and home to Action Fraud and the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau (NFIB). It offers practical, straightforward advice to law enforcement agencies dealing with fraud and economic crimes. The book identifies more than fifty different types of fraud and sets out the different strategic and tactical considerations in preventing, investigating, and disrupting each one. At the centre of the book is the Fraud Investigation Model (FIM), an effective framework encompassing multiagency working, recovery of evidence and victim management, as well as a range of useful features designed to demystify fraud terminology and provide accessible operational guidance. These include key point boxes, highlighting important learning points and investigation best practice; definition boxes, to cut through legal terminology and connect the law to everyday police work; and flow charts, which tackle complex operational and legal procedures and break them down into simple, easy to follow steps.

Immortalized in the spellbinding documentary Dear Zachary, this angry, raw, and brutally honest memoir of murder and loss chronicles a system’s failure to prevent the death of a child.

In November 2001, the body of a young doctor named Andrew Bagby was discovered in Keystone State Park outside Latrobe, Pennsylvania, five bullet wounds in his face, chest, buttocks, and the back of the head. For his parents Dave and Kate, the pain was unbearable―but Andrew’s murder was only the first in a string of tragic events.

The chief suspect for Andrew’s murder was his ex-girlfriend Shirley Turner―also a doctor. Obsessive and unstable, Shirley Turner lied to the police and fled to her family home in Newfoundland before she could be arrested. While fending off extradition efforts by U.S. law enforcement, she announced she was pregnant with Andrew's son, Zachary. The Bagbys―hoping to gain custody of Zachary―moved to Newfoundland and began a long, drawn-out battle in court and with Canadian social services to protect their grandson from the woman who had almost certainly murdered their son. Then, in August 2003, Shirley Turner killed herself and the one-year-old Zachary by jumping into the Atlantic Ocean.

Dance With The Devil is a eulogy for a dead son, an elegy for lives cut tragically short, and a castigation of a broken system.

Examining how international criminal law has-and hasn't-brought justice following war crimes in Africa.Ever since World War II, the United Nations and other international actors have created laws, treaties, and institutions to punish perpetrators of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. These efforts have established universally recognized norms and have resulted in several high-profile convictions in egregious cases. But international criminal justice now seems to be a declining force - its energy sapped by long delays in prosecutions, lagging public attention, and a globally rising authoritarianism that disregards legal niceties. This book reviews five examples of international criminal justice as they have been applied across Africa, where brutal civil conflicts in recent decades resulted in varying degrees of global attention and action. The first three chapters examine key international mechanisms: the International Criminal Court, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and the hybrid tribunal established in Senegal to try state crimes committed in Chad. These chapters illustrate how the design and practice of the institutions led to similarly unexpected and unsatisfying outcomes. The final two chapters examine emerging and proposed international criminal justice mechanisms. One is a tribunal intended to facilitate peace in the new but war-torn country of South Sudan, not yet operational and unlikely to perform better than its predecessors. Finally, the book considers the developing human rights practice of the little-studied East African Court, a regional commercial court in Arusha, Tanzania, to show how local judicial creativity can win a role for courts in facilitating good governance. Written in an accessible style, this book explores the connections between politics and the doctrine of international criminal law. Highlighting little-known institutional examples and under-discussed political situations, the book contributes to a broader international understanding of African politics and international criminal justice, as well as the lessons the African experiences offer for other regions.

Practiced worldwide, the Reid Techniquer is the leading approach to interview and interrogation practices. Since 1962, hundreds of thousands of investigators have received training in the Reid Technique through Criminal Interrogation and Confessions. The updated, abridged version of this best- seller is now available in a new edition from John E. Reid and Associates, Inc. The updated second edition of the best-selling Essentials of the Reid Technique: Criminal Interrogation and Confessions teaches readers how to identify and interpret verbal and nonverbal behaviors of both deceptive and truthful people, and how to move toward obtaining solid confessions from guilty persons using the Reid Technique. The Reid Technique is built around basic psychological principles and presents interrogation as an easily understood nine-step process. Separated into two parts, What You Need to Know About Interrogation and Employing the Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation, this book will help readers understand the effective and proper way that a suspect should be interrogated and the safeguards that should be in place to ensure the integrity of the confession.

What makes a person confess to a crime he did not commit? Was he coerced? Is he trying to protect someone else? Interrogation has come under attack as opponents focus on false confessions. However, most cases are still resolved by confession, not forensic evidence. Among the new topics covered in the Second Edition of this bestselling book, Practical Aspects of Interview and Interrogation focuses on why false confessions exist and how to avoid them.

Written by two experts who have conducted over 15,000 interviews and interrogations from theft to homicide, this book expands on the valuable topics in the previous edition to include discussions of:

Telephone interviewing
False Confessions
Field Interviewing
Sexual Harassment Interviewing
Confronting the Alleged Harrasser
Pre-employment Interviewing
New Legal Aspects
Frequently Asked Questions

Covering the entire sequence of events that occur during the interview and interrogation process, this book provides a realistic building block approach that allows you to move from a preliminary accusation to an ultimate confession by applying practical rules to the process. It gives you the flexibility to select a number of different paths to proceed in an interrogation of a suspect. Useful in both the law enforcement and private sectors, Practical Aspects of Interview and Interrogation, Second Edition allows you to deal effectively with the complex problems of interviewing and interrogating victims, witnesses, suspects, and even potential employees.

A postmortem X-ray of a male homicide victim reveals a bullet lodged next to his spine. That he was shot is clear. How recently? is what death investigators must determine. The answer: the absence of scar tissue surrounding the bullet proves the victim had been recently shot.

And while the average person may find tattoos to be creative and aesthetic, to the trained death investigator, they can actually be the key to aiding in the eventual identification of a body.

They say the dead can't speak. But in the fascinating field of forensic pathology, the deceased can tell an elaborate story, especially when death investigators know what clues to look for.

The first volume in the new Forensic Pathology Atlases: Causes of Death Series, this book takes an in-depth look at the determination of the time of death, postmortem changes, and identification. In TIME OF DEATH, DECOMPOSITION AND IDENTIFICATION, you'll learn through the extensive use of photographs and discussion how estimating the time of death can rarely be accomplished with scientific accuracy. You'll learn about the numerous changes the body undergoes after death, and how positive and probable identifications are made.

For death investigators, law enforcement officers, attorneys, and anyone else involved in forensic death cases, TIME OF DEATH, DECOMPOSITION AND IDENTIFICATION is a "must have" resource.

Discover the nail-biting new thriller from the Sunday Times bestselling author of Black-Eyed Susans 'Gorgeous writing, interesting characters, a unique setting, and an unsettling, surprising mystery. We Are All the Same in the Dark has it all' AMY ENGEL, bestselling author of The Familiar Dark 'Tense, darkly atmospheric . . .Takes your breath away with its sudden twists' DAILY MAIL _______ Ten years ago, homecoming queen Trumanell Branson vanished. Her farewell message? A bloody handprint left on a wall. Back then, the police cleared her brother Wyatt of any crime. But now a TV documentary has judged otherwise. And old suspicions are reignited. Yet when Wyatt finds a lost girl wandering a lonely highway, he convinces himself she's a sign. Someone to lead him to his sister. To clear his name. Watching him is police officer Odette Tucker. She's got history with the Branson family. And she knows they must tread carefully. Odette is determined to solve both cases, but will digging into this town's deeply buried secrets do more harm than good? And what will happen when the shocking truth is finally exposed? We Are All the Same in the Dark is the nail-biting thriller from the Sunday Times bestselling author, perfect for anyone obsessed with HBO's Mare of Easttown. _______ 'One of my favourite reads of the year. The twisty plot and unexpected revelations propelled me through the pages of this spine-chilling novel . . . Absolutely mesmerizing' Heather Gudenkauf, New York Times bestselling author of The Weight of Silence 'A disquieting, tense and suspenseful book that promises to keep you reading way into the night' Culture Fly 'Twisty and atmospheric' Prima READERS LOVE WE ARE ALL THE SAME IN THE DARK: 'What a phenomenal book. The author doesn't just give you a mystery to solve but a mesmerizing story with people who get into your soul. Poetic, gut-wrenching, suspenseful' 5***** Reader Review 'This story sucked me in and spit me out. Captivating, suspenseful and heart-wrenching. The characters grab you and don't let go' 5***** Reader Review 'Julia does it again! Brilliant, extraordinary, captivating. The excitability of this book pulls you into each page right along with Odette to solve the mystery. This is a must read' 5***** Reader Review 'I devoured every page. A disturbing, sad and moving mystery' 5***** Reader Review 'Captivating from start to finish' 5***** Reader Review 'A fantastic psychological thriller. Julia knows how to write disturbing characters that will have you questioning their motives and capabilities right up until the end' 5***** Reader Review Praise for Julia Heaberlin 'A thriller to make you remember why you love thrillers' Observer 'Gripping' The Times 'Breathtakingly, heart-stoppingly brilliant' Sophie Hannah 'Wonderful . . . creepy . . . a work of art' Sunday Express 'Strong characterisation, haunting images, a wonderful sense of place . . . well worth the read' Guardian

This book provides the first ethnographic account of a UK major crime review team, providing a comprehensive, conceptual account of cold case reviews not currently available from an academic criminological perspective. . Cold case reviews are a relatively new and innovative form of policing yet, to date, there has been little empirical research into their conduct in the UK. Addressing this empirical void by shining a light on the practicalities and realities of cold case investigations, the author spent eight months with a major crime review team tasked with conducting 28-day reviews of 'live' unsolved murder and stranger rapes and detecting long term unsolved major crimes. The resulting work contains a unique focus on forensic science and the role of the National DNA Database (NDNAD) in cold case reviews, adding to the current debates about the police use of forensic science, as well as consideration of the growing public concern about historic sexual offences and the criminal justice responses to them, with an exploration of the debates around the implications of investigating these crimes many years later. Presenting the key findings in relation to the opportunities and challenges to successful cold case reviews, the role of forensic science and other forms of expertise in cold case reviews, and the political and moral considerations being made in this regard, the resulting work will be of interest to practitioners tasked with investigating long term unsolved crimes and students and researchers interested in policing and investigations.

One chance encounter, one murder, will change everything.DI Thomas Ridpath is in the process of getting his life back together when everything goes wrong. Caught in a gruesome motorway incident, one question remains: why did nobody else see what happened? Ridpath's investigations soon pulls the police force itself into question, and hints at something even more sinister. With Manchester on the brink of violence unlike anything seen in decades, Ridpath must battle this unprecedented conflict alongside his own demons... A nail-biting crime thriller, MJ Lee's Where the Dead Fall is an absolute must-read, perfect for fans of Mark Billingham and Peter James.

The Murder Book: Understanding Homicide Today provides comprehensive coverage about the theories explaining homicide. Discussions of high-profile cases, as well as details of the day to day work of investigators and the courts, provide a complete treatment of homicide.

Taking Care of Business: Police Detectives, Drug Law Enforcement and Proactive Investigation offers a rich and insightful empirical study of drug investigations, based on extensive fieldwork undertaken with the specialist detective units of two English police services. It fills a significant gap in criminological literature by providing a timely and thought-provoking ethnography of detective culture, investigative practice, and drug law enforcement. Drawing on data collected from over five hundred hours of direct observation of ordinary police work, both on and off the streets, the chapters are skilfully interwoven with fieldnotes, informal conversations, interviews and analysis of official documents. Taken together, they explore how police officers perceive the drug world and their role in it, translate policy from its written form into action, and utilise intelligence-led policing strategies to instigate covert operations and make cases. There is in-depth examination of the everyday realities of the 'war on drugs', alongside the associated working rules, tacit understandings and underlying assumptions that operate behind the public face of police organizations. The book also critically examines the most pertinent legislative initiatives, organizational reforms, and shifts in thinking concerning the values, objectives and norms of policing that have occurred over recent decades, which, between them, have contributed to significant changes in the ways that detectives are trained and investigations are controlled and carried out. With highly salient insights regarding operational policing and drug control policy in the current social, economic and political climate, Taking Care of Business is a compelling and important work on contemporary criminal investigation and the policing of drugs. It will be of interest to scholars of criminology, sociology, law, and policy studies, especially those researching and studying policing, regulation, surveillance, drug control policy and the informal economy, as well as policymakers, police practitioners, and criminal justice professionals.

Forensic Pharmacology offers a unique and comprehensible account of pharmacological methods and knowledge, and how to use them to solve problems in crimes from drunken driving to murder. It also deals with negligence in giving drugs, and adverse reactions to drugs. The text is enlivened by cases from the literature and from the authors' experience. Appendices give detailed examples of pharmacological problems and their solutions; tables and equations for alcohol calculations; and data for medicines encountered in forensic work.

Experts do not always understand what lawyers want of them, and lawyers fail to appreciate that experts in medicine and pharmacology may not be experts in the law. The section entitled 'legal considerations' was written by a barrister with wide experience of using expert evidence and explains clearly the legal principles. It also contains some helpful hints on how to deal with court procedure and adversarial lawyers.

Essential reading for launching a career in computer forensics

Internet crime is on the rise, catapulting the need for computer forensics specialists. This new edition presents you with a completely updated overview of the basic skills that are required as a computer forensics professional. The author team of technology security veterans introduces the latest software and tools that exist and they review the available certifications in this growing segment of IT that can help take your career to a new level. A variety of real-world practices take you behind the scenes to look at the root causes of security attacks and provides you with a unique perspective as you launch a career in this fast-growing field.Explores the profession of computer forensics, which is more in demand than ever due to the rise of Internet crimeDetails the ways to conduct a computer forensics investigationHighlights tips and techniques for finding hidden data, capturing images, documenting your case, and presenting evidence in court as an expert witnessWalks you through identifying, collecting, and preserving computer evidenceExplains how to understand encryption and examine encryption files

"Computer Forensics JumpStart" is the resource you need to launch a career in computer forensics.

The Need for Professional Competence For all the attention given to the forensic sciences in the media and the law, there is a glaring deficiency in the promotion of standards of competence. In the midst of fascinating scientific advances in the field, forensic science still suffers embarrassments from highly publicized scientific controversies and shoddy or fraudulent practices. The enactment of the Daubert ruling, which questions the qualification of a scientific "expert", demonstrates the courts' attempt to regulate a profession that ought to be self-regulating. Libraries of books on technique can do nothing to promote forensic science without common governing standards of practice that ensures professional competence. Common Ground The first book of its kind, Ensuring Competent Performance in Forensic Practice: Recovery, Analysis, Interpretation, and Reporting promotes a common understanding of competence and demonstrates the application of standards and practice in all aspects of forensic science. Authors Fereday and Hadley, esteemed forensic scientists with forty and fifty years experience respectively, address the method and benefit of establishing occupational standards for collection of evidence, interpretation of scientific analysis, and appropriate methods of testimony. Training and Assessment The authors stress the standardization of proper training and testing procedures to ensure that every scientist employed in public and private practice has the credentials they require. They give clear guidelines for effective training programs based on occupational standards that support the development of competent practitioners. The book examines the importance of workplace assessments of competence against occupational standards and emphasizes the role and quality of those involved in the assessment process. The authors include several case studies demonstrating competence in practice and the methods to ensure consistent high standards in the future.

Neighbourhood policing is one of the most significant and high profile innovations in UK policing in recent times. It has also been one of the most successful, garnering widespread political and public support for its objectives and the processes of policing that it has sought to embed. Indeed, it has recently been described as the 'bedrock' of the British policing model. But it was not always so lauded. At the time of its initial development it encountered considerable opposition and scepticism from both within and outside of the police. This book tells the story of how and why the neighbourhood policing model was originally designed and implemented, and then, what has led to a decline in its prominence in terms of everyday police practice. To do this, Neighbourhood Policing draws upon unparalleled empirical data from the authors' ten-year programme of research to provide unique and compelling insights into the key practices and processes associated with the concept and implementation of neighbourhood policing. The chapters describe how: key processes and practices have evolved and matured; the ways neighbourhood policing delivers a range of local policing services; as well as how, in some towns and cities, it has provided a platform for tackling violent extremism and organised crime. This approach is used to set out a broader analytic frame that addresses the conditions under which innovative policing models emerge, are developed and decline. In so doing, the book engages with wider and deeper questions about the police function in contemporary society.

Many changes have occurred in the twenty-five years that have passed since the enactment of the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986. The law has been amended, new underlying crimes have been added, and court decisions have modified its scope. The Act remains an important tool in combating criminal activity. Now in its third edition, Money Laundering: A Guide for Criminal Investigators covers the basics of finding ill-gotten gains, linking them to the criminal, and seizing them. Providing a clear understanding of money laundering practices, it explains the investigative and legislative processes that are essential in detecting and circumventing this illegal and dangerous activity.

Highlights of the Third Edition include

• Important court decisions and changes in federal law since the Second Edition
• New trends in crime and terrorism financing
• The rise of money laundering in connecting with major frauds, including the Bernie Madoff case
• Law and policy shifts related to terrorism and financing since the Obama administration
• New methods for financial intelligence and the filing of Suspicious Activity Reports
• How changes in technology have enabled launderers to move funds more easily and anonymously

Knowledge of the techniques used to investigate these cases and a full understanding of the laws and regulations that serve as the government s weapons in this fight are essential for the criminal investigator. This volume arms those tasked with finding and tracing illegal proceeds with this critical knowledge, enabling them to thwart illegal profiteering by finding the paper trail."

Will the truth ever be exposed? Some people have God, but not Tob. He has the Hells Angels. He lives by rules laid down in California during 1949, anachronistic rules with severe penalties. His mind is in turmoil, his eyes focused on a view from the window of his home. What is so terrible? Can he cover his tracks? He is supremely confident. He plans, repeats, it cannot go wrong. But... there is this one, local detective. A detective with a bee in his bonnet. He has a gut-feeling that he cannot shake off. DC Geoff Deeley doesn't like coincidence, so when three young men go missing and the common denominator is Tob Hobson, he takes a serious interest in Tob's activities. He spends six years in ruthless pursuit, encountering lies and false trails. He may passionately believe that the three men are dead, murdered. But is he right? No one else seems convinced. Will anyone ever listen to him? Can he find out the truth? Gripping twists and turns, heartbreak, violence and then, the ultimate final betrayal. But where are the bodies? No body, no murder. Or is there?

"Cunningham's landmark study of the FBI's response to Sixties protest couldn't be more timely. We gain fresh and disturbing insight into the culture and dynamics of the agency at a time when once again it has been empowered to monitor political dissidence. We need this history so as to avoid repeating it."--Richard Flacks, author "Making History: The American Left and the American Mind"Cunningham reveals the programs and priorities of the FBI's domestic surveillance in the 1960s with an eye for the telling detail, and with extensive new research. He shows how the extreme bureaucratic centralization of the agency often handicapped, rather than helped, field agents who had creative ideas about how to pursue the FBI's goals. This is the most important book on how the FBI shapes its agenda and its actions, in relation to targeted groups, in some time. At a time when the FBI is being called on to deal with new public threats, we need the insights of this work."--Jack A. Goldstone, Hazel Professor of Public Policy, George Mason University"For years political scientists and social movement scholars have theorized and sought, in various ways, to measure 'political repression.' Despite these efforts, the actual social and organizational dynamics that shape repression have largely remained a black box. By fashioning a rich, systematic account of the origins and operation of the FBI's notorious COINTELPRO program, Cunningham has gone a long way toward redressing this problem."--Doug McAdam, co-author of "Dynamics of Contention"This is a timely book. Cunningham's thoughtful, thoroughly researched history of the FBI's purposeful repression of dissident movements under the COINTELPRO's New Left andWhite Hate programs raises disturbing questions about the FBI's conduct of 'terrorist' investigations dating from the 1970s and intensified in the aftermath of September 11."--Athan Theoharis, author of "Chasing Spies: How the FBI Failed in counterintelligence but Promoted the Politics of McCarthyism in the Cold War Years"A devastating portrait of a bureaucracy unleashing widespread surveillance and repression while swatting away the restraints of logic, ethics, and the Bill of Rights. Demonstrates through a convincing statistical analysis that the FBI's COINTELPRO operations were not primarily devoted to investigating criminal activity, but rather to crushing unpopular dissent."--Chip Berlet, co-author of "Right-Wing Populism in America"David Cunningham's calm, dispassionate, and authoritative study of the FBI's notorious COINTELPRO activities of the 1960s gives us much to think about. Putting these programs into historical context and an original theoretical framework, he reminds us that the violation of American constitutional principles cannot be a useful tool in any alleged effort to preserve the American way of life. This is equally true in today's turbulent times as during previous crises."--Sanford J. Ungar, president of Goucher College and author of "FBI: An Uncensored Look Behind the Walls

On 9 November 1966, popular GP Dr Helen Davidson was battered to death in dense woodland while birdwatching and exercising her dog a few miles from her Buckinghamshire home. Her body was found the next day, her eyes having been pushed into her skull. 'She had binoculars round her neck, spied illicit lovers, was spotted, and one or both of them killed her,' surmised Detective Chief Superintendent Jack 'Razor' Williams of New Scotland Yard. He had received fifty police commendations in his career, yet not one for a murder enquiry. Unsurprisingly, within weeks the police operation was wound down, Williams retired, and another cold case hit the statistics. Fifty years later, amateur sleuth and author Monica Weller set about solving the murder - without the help of the prohibited files. As she sifted the evidence, a number of suspects and sinister motives began to emerge; it was clear it was not a random killing after all. Weller uncovered secret passions, deep jealousies, unusual relationships and a victim with a dark past. Her persistence and dedication were dramatically rewarded when she uncovered the identity of the murderer - revealed here for the first time.

"Read him his rights." We all recognize this line from cop dramas. But what happens afterward? In this book, Richard Leo sheds light on a little-known corner of our criminal justice system--the police interrogation.

Incriminating statements are necessary to solve crimes, but suspects almost never have reason to provide them. Therefore, as Leo shows, crime units have developed sophisticated interrogation methods that rely on persuasion, manipulation, and deception to move a subject from denial to admission, serving to shore up the case against him. Ostensibly aimed at uncovering truth, the structure of interrogation requires that officers act as an arm of the prosecution.

Skillful and fair interrogation allows authorities to capture criminals and deter future crime. But Leo draws on extensive research to argue that confessions are inherently suspect and that coercive interrogation has led to false confession and wrongful conviction. He looks at police evidence in the court, the nature and disappearance of the brutal "third degree," the reforms of the mid-twentieth century, and how police can persuade suspects to waive their Miranda rights.

An important study of the criminal justice system, "Police Interrogation and American Justice" raises unsettling questions. How should police be permitted to interrogate when society needs both crime control and due process? How can order be maintained yet justice served?

Crime prevention is essential to the success of any civilization. Effective criminal justice systems contribute greatly to the prevention of crime. However, clashing traditional and modern theories regarding appropriate action within criminal justice organizations can cause these systems to fail even when personnel is beyond reproach. Successfully blending traditional and modern theories on criminal justice can bolster justice systems and allow them to be successful. Comparative Criminology Across Western and African Perspectives is a critical scholarly publication that addresses comparative issues pertaining to empirical research and theoretical frameworks on criminology in Africa. Highlighting topics such as policing ethics, criminal theory, and victims' rights, this book is ideal for academicians, law enforcement, victim advocates, lawmakers, correctional officers, correctional rehabilitation counselors, criminologists, researchers, policymakers, government officials, and students.

It's different when it's your daughter. DI Gravel's daughter Emily has landed her dream job working for high profile solicitor Charles Turner. But the job turns deadly when she attracts the attention of a serial killer. Gravel is already on the case, the bodies are piling up and the killer's sick fantasies are enough to give the detective nightmares. However, the killer's obsession with Emily raises the stakes. Can Gravel and Emily survive the case? This is the third book in the dark, edge-of-your-seat Carmarthen Crime thriller series set in the stunning West Wales countryside. *Previously published as A Cold Cold Heart*