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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Crime & criminology > Criminal investigation & detection

Interviewing and Deception (Hardcover): David Canter, Laurence Alison Interviewing and Deception (Hardcover)
David Canter, Laurence Alison
R3,040 Discovery Miles 30 400 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

First published in 1999, this volume brings together a unique range of previously unpublished studies that explore the psychological processes involved in interviewing, statement validation, detecting deception and the use of expert witnesses for the examination of such processes. One major challenge of any police enquiry is to filter out the distortions in the collection, collation and employment of the information on which all subsequent actions rely. These distortions may be produced by poor witness recall, deliberate obfuscation and deception, professional negligence or as a product of a variety of communication problems. The contributors to the volume tackle these and many related issues. Recent developments in our understanding of the investigative interview process are covered in a number of insightful studies by leading researchers, combining academic rigour with direct practical relevance. The wide range of topics covered in this volume will be of value and interest to all students of crime and its investigation as well as those who have a broader interest in interviewing and the assessment of information from naturally occurring accounts. Social scientists and those psychologists concerned to develop their understanding of accounts of crime will find the volume of particular utility, as will all those in law enforcement who wish to see an improvement in these crucial aspects of all criminal investigations.

Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices (Hardcover, New): Anil Aggrawal Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices (Hardcover, New)
Anil Aggrawal
R3,361 Discovery Miles 33 610 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

From sexual abuse and fetishism to necrophilia and sadomasochism, this unique volume identifies fourteen classifications of unusual sexual pathologies. Emphasizing the physical and psychological aspects of sexuality itself, the book presents detailed comparisons of legal and medical definitions, historical aspects, current incidence, and geographical prevalence of these offenses. It also explores the potential causes, discussing etiological theories and reviewing psychopathology. Highlighting the cross-cultural nature of the forensic aspects of human sexuality, the book examines various case studies in the context of international legislation. It also covers minor aberrant behavior such as coprolalia and troilism.

Police in the Age of Improvement (Hardcover, Illustrated Ed): David Barrie Police in the Age of Improvement (Hardcover, Illustrated Ed)
David Barrie
R3,931 Discovery Miles 39 310 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

The study of police history in Scotland has largely been neglected. Little is known about the Scottish police's origins, development and character despite growing interest in the machinery of law enforcement in other parts of the United Kingdom. This book seeks to remedy this deficiency. Based on extensive archival research, its central aim is to provide an in-depth analysis of the economic, social, intellectual and political factors that shaped police reform, development and policy in Scottish burghs during the 'Age of Improvement'. The key issues addressed include: the workings of traditional forms of law enforcement and why these were increasingly deemed to be unsuitable by the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; why, and in what ways, the pattern, nature and origins of police development in urban Scotland differed from elsewhere in Britain; in what ways the Scottish police model compared and contrasted with other British models; the impact of police reform on urban governance and the struggle between social groups for control of the local state; the concerns and priorities behind police policy. In addressing these questions, Police in the Age of Improvement moves beyond many of the 'problem-response' interpretations which have preoccupied many police historians, and locates reform within the wider contexts of urban improvement, municipal administration and Scottish Enlightenment thought. It will be essential reading for anyone interested in the history of policing, urban management and social change in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy - Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains (Hardcover): Mark Tibbett, David... Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy - Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains (Hardcover)
Mark Tibbett, David O Carter
R3,937 Discovery Miles 39 370 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

A burial environment is a complex and dynamic system. It plays host to an abundance of interdependent chemical, physical, and biological processes, which are greatly influenced by the inclusion of a body and its subsequent decay. However, while taphonomy continues to emerge as a valuable forensic tool, until now most of the attention has been on the cadaver rather than the grave itself.
"Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy: Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains "is the first book to concentrate entirely on the telling impact of soil and its components on the postmortem fate of human remains. Examining the basic physicochemical composition of the soil as it relates to forensic science and taphonomy, leading experts from across the world-

- Offer an introduction to the nature, distribution, and origin of soil materials in forensic comparisons

- Discuss the action of biological soil components, including invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria

- Address rates and processes of decomposition and time of death estimates

- Detail methods for characterizing and fingerprinting soils

- Provide extensive information on the decomposition of hair

Edited by Mark Tibbett, a soil microbiologist and David Carter, a forensic scientist, this unique resourceprovides an up-to-date overview of fundamental scientific principles and methods used in forensic taphonomy from a soils-based perspective. It provides an understanding of the processes at work, as well as practical methods and advice for those involved with active investigation.

Policing Critical Incidents - Leadership and Critical Incident Management (Paperback, Illustrated Ed): John G D Grieve Policing Critical Incidents - Leadership and Critical Incident Management (Paperback, Illustrated Ed)
John G D Grieve; Edited by Laurence Alison, Jonathan Crego
R1,482 Discovery Miles 14 820 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

The aim of this book is to examine the qualities of leadership and decision making in the police service. Based on groundbreaking research using unique, advanced methods for examining policing in complex critical incident environments, the book focuses principally on a series of police debriefs following live major critical incidents. It captures the views of the Senior Investigating Officers (SIOs) who worked on these cases and draws upon the very rich set of experiences that they have had in dealing with complex, stressful and demanding enquiries. Key features of this book include: an introduction to new methods for exploring leadership and decision making in critical incidents; and, a review of leadership and decision making specific to critical incidents and policing. leadership and decision making, for senior police officers involved in critical incident management, for organisational psychologists who work within policing, and for students whose area of study covers policing, decision making or criminal investigation.

Handbook of Criminal Investigation (Paperback): Tim Newburn, Tom Williamson, Alan Wright Handbook of Criminal Investigation (Paperback)
Tim Newburn, Tom Williamson, Alan Wright
R1,905 Discovery Miles 19 050 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This book provides the most comprehensive and authoritative book yet published on the subject of criminal investigation, a rapidly developing area within the police and other law enforcement agencies, and an important sub discipline within police studies. The subject is rarely out of the headlines, and there is widespread media interest in criminal investigation. Within the police rapid strides are being made in the direction of professionalizing the criminal investigation process, and it has been a particular focus as a means of improving police performance. A number of important reports have been published in the last few years, highlighting the importance of the criminal investigation process not only to the work of the police but to public confidence in this. Each of these reports has identified shortcomings in the way criminal investigations have been conducted, and has made recommendations for improvement . The Handbook of Criminal Investigation provides a rigorous and critical approach to not only the process of criminal investigation, but also the context in which this takes place, the theory underlying it, and the variety of factors which influence approaches to it. It will be an indispensable source of reference for anybody with an interest in, and needing to know about, criminal investigation. Contributors to the book are drawn from both practitioners in the field and academics.

Transformations of Policing (Hardcover, New Ed): David J. Smith Transformations of Policing (Hardcover, New Ed)
David J. Smith; Alistair Henry
R4,226 Discovery Miles 42 260 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Police and People in London is still the largest and most detailed study of a police force and its relations with the public that has yet been undertaken in Britain. The twenty-three years since its publication has seen a constantly-accelerating rate of change in the legal framework of policing, in the arrangements for democratic accountability of the police, in the technologies involved in crime and policing, in management structures and methods in the police service, in financial control systems imposed by central government and in methods of assessing police performance. Over the same period, crime control has moved from the bottom to the top of the political agenda, leading to increasing pressure on the police to be seen to be effective. Transformations of Policing returns to the central issues discussed in 1983 and considers whether the main conclusions need to be revised in the light of what has happened since. It also reviews areas of debate and research that have emerged more recently and highlights areas of turbulence that are creating fundamentally different patterns from before and raising genuinely new questions.

Computer Forensics - Evidence Collection and Management (Hardcover, illustrated edition): Robert C. Newman Computer Forensics - Evidence Collection and Management (Hardcover, illustrated edition)
Robert C. Newman
R2,774 Discovery Miles 27 740 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Computer Forensics: Evidence Collection and Management examines cyber-crime, E-commerce, and Internet activities that could be used to exploit the Internet, computers, and electronic devices. The book focuses on the numerous vulnerabilities and threats that are inherent on the Internet and networking environments and presents techniques and suggestions for corporate security personnel, investigators, and forensic examiners to successfully identify, retrieve, and protect valuable forensic evidence for litigation and prosecution. The book is divided into two major parts for easy reference. The first part explores various crimes, laws, policies, forensic tools, and the information needed to understand the underlying concepts of computer forensic investigations. The second part presents information relating to crime scene investigations and management, disk and file structure, laboratory construction and functions, and legal testimony. Separate chapters focus on investigations involving computer systems, e-mail, and wireless devices. Presenting information patterned after technical, legal, and managerial classes held by computer forensic professionals from Cyber Crime Summits held at Kennesaw State University in 2005 and 2006, this book is an invaluable resource for those who want to be both efficient and effective when conducting an investigation.

Environmental Science and Technology - A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology, Second Edition (Hardcover, 2nd... Environmental Science and Technology - A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology, Second Edition (Hardcover, 2nd edition)
Stanley E. Manahan
R5,153 Discovery Miles 51 530 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Formally established by the EPA nearly 15 years ago, the concept of green chemistry is beginning to come of age. Although several books cover green chemistry and chemical engineering, none of them transfer green principles to science and technology in general and their impact on the future. Defining industrial ecology, Environmental Science and Technology: A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology provides a general overview of green science and technology and their essential role in ensuring environmental sustainability. Written by a leading expert, the book provides the essential background for understanding green science and technology and how they relate to sustainability. In addition to the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere traditionally covered in environmental science books, this book is unique in recognizing the anthrosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment. The author explains how the anthrosphere can be designed and operated in a manner that does not degrade environmental quality and, in most favorable circumstances, may even enhance it. With the current emphasis shifting from end-of-pipe solutions to pollution prevention and control of resource consumption, green principles are increasingly moving into the mainstream. This book provides the foundation not only for understanding green science and technology, but also for taking its application to the next level.

Investigative Interviewing (Hardcover, Illustrated Ed): Tom Williamson Investigative Interviewing (Hardcover, Illustrated Ed)
Tom Williamson
R3,931 Discovery Miles 39 310 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

This book reviews the position of investigative interviewing in a variety of different countries, with different types of criminal justice systems, and consists of chapters written by leading authorities in the field, both academics and practitioners. A wide range of often controversial questions are addressed, including issues raised by the treatment of detainees at Guantanamo Bay, The Reid model for interviewing and miscarriages of justice, and the role of legislation in preventing bad practice. Observations are made in the effectiveness of ethical interviewing, investigative interviewing and human rights, responses to miscarriages of justice, and the likely future of investigative interviewing. The book also makes comparisons between British and American approaches to detention without trial, and the role of confession evidence within adversarial legal systems. It also develops a set of proposals to minimize the risks of miscarriages of justice, irrespective of jurisdiction.

Crime Science - New approaches to preventing and detecting crime (Paperback, Illustrated Ed): Melissa Smith, Nick Tilley Crime Science - New approaches to preventing and detecting crime (Paperback, Illustrated Ed)
Melissa Smith, Nick Tilley
R1,181 Discovery Miles 11 810 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Crime science is a new discipline that has the aim of understanding better how to prevent and detect crime, drawing on criminology, economics, psychology, mathematics, geography, architecture and other fields to examine crime patterns and to develop solutions to these problems. It provides an integrated approach to crime which its proponents believe will improve detection of crime, reduce the impact of crime and result in less crime in society. This book provides an introduction to crime science, setting out its essentials. It provides a major statement of the nature and aspirations of crime science and presents a series of case studies providing examples, in different settings, of the approach in action, ranging from preventing crime within correctional institutions to the use of techniques such as DNA fast tracking for burglary. It is structured so as to cover the fundamentals of crime science, with sections on methodology, prevention and detection.

Criminal Investigation (Hardcover, 11th edition): Henry Cho, Karen Hess, Christine Hess Orthmann Criminal Investigation (Hardcover, 11th edition)
Henry Cho, Karen Hess, Christine Hess Orthmann
R1,440 R1,293 Discovery Miles 12 930 Save R147 (10%) Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Easy to read and well-organized, CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION, 11th Edition delivers a practical, field-based approach to the modern investigative principles and practices you need to succeed in criminal justice. Demonstrating techniques and their many applications, the book introduces long-standing tools, practices, and policies alongside the latest innovations in technology and science to give you a broad perspective of criminal investigations today. Topics covered include D.N.A. science, terrorism and homeland security, cybercrime, crimes against children, forensics and physical evidence, investigative photography and sketching, identity theft, white-collar crime, ethics, and many others. Examples and case citations show how investigations affect the world around you. The MindTap that accompanies this text guides you through your course and includes video cases, career scenarios, visual summaries, and interactive labs that allow you to explore investigative techniques.

Introduction to Criminal Investigation (Hardcover): Michael Birzer, Cliff Roberson Introduction to Criminal Investigation (Hardcover)
Michael Birzer, Cliff Roberson
R5,408 Discovery Miles 54 080 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

The manner in which criminal investigators are trained is neither uniform nor consistent, ranging from sophisticated training protocols in some departments to on-the-job experience alongside senior investigators in others. Ideal for students taking a first course in the subject as well as professionals in need of a refresher, Introduction to Criminal Investigation uses an accessible format to convey concepts in practical, concrete terms. Topics discussed include The history of criminal investigation in Western society Qualifications for becoming an investigator, the selection process, and ideal training requirements Crime scene search techniques, including planning and post-search debriefing Preparing effective field notes and investigative reports Interviewing and interrogating Types of evidence found at the crime scene and how to collect, package, and preserve it The contributions of forensic science to criminal investigations and the equipment used in crime labs Investigative protocol for a range of crimes, including property crimes, auto theft, arson, financial crimes, homicide, assault, sex crimes, and robbery Specialized investigations, including drug trafficking, cybercrime, and gang-related crime Legal issues involved in criminal investigations and preparing a case for trial Bringing together contributions from law enforcement personnel, academics, and attorneys, the book combines practical and theoretical elements to provide a comprehensive examination of today's criminal investigative process. The accessible manner in which the information is conveyed makes this an ideal text for a wide-ranging audience.

Principles and Practice of Criminalistics - The Profession of Forensic Science (Hardcover): Keith Inman, Norah Rudin Principles and Practice of Criminalistics - The Profession of Forensic Science (Hardcover)
Keith Inman, Norah Rudin
R4,804 Discovery Miles 48 040 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Expanding on ideas proposed by leading thinkers throughout the history of forensic science, Principles and Practice of Criminalistics: The Profession of Forensic Science outlines a logical framework for the examination of physical evidence in a criminalistics laboratory. The book reexamines prevailing criminalistics concepts in light of both technical and intellectual advances and provides a way of conceptualizing physical evidence from its origin through its interpretation. Conceptually, the book explains what forensic scientists do and discusses the philosophical and practical considerations that affect the conduct of their work. To be sure, some of the ideas challenge conventional wisdom on the subject, and as such, are bound to provoke discussion among members of the forensic community. Against this background, Principles and Practice of Criminalistics: The Profession of Forensic Science is a tremendously valuable reference for professionals involved in forensic science and other related fields.

Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot Residue Analysis (Hardcover): A.J. Schwoeble, David L. Exline Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot Residue Analysis (Hardcover)
A.J. Schwoeble, David L. Exline
R4,497 Discovery Miles 44 970 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

With the ever-spreading problem of violent crime in today's society, techniques to assist forensic scientists and other law enforcement personnel have come to the forefront. With improvement in collection methods and analytical tools to conduct more thorough analyses, gunshot residue examination has made a dramatic impact as an area of trace evidence that is essential in the investigation and prosecution of violent crime.

Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot Residue Analysis deals with major areas of gunshot residue analysis such as current and future methods of analysis, collection techniques, interpretation of evidence as well as expert testimony and report writing.

This text is a necessity for any forensic scientist conducting this type of analysis and all other law enforcement personnel, academia, and lawyers involved in the investigation and prosecution of violent crimes involving firearms.

Crime and Social Change in Middle England - Questions of Order in an English Town (Hardcover): Evi Girling, Ian Loader, Richard... Crime and Social Change in Middle England - Questions of Order in an English Town (Hardcover)
Evi Girling, Ian Loader, Richard Sparks
R3,772 Discovery Miles 37 720 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Crime and Social Change in Middle England offers a new way of looking at contemporary debates on the fear of crime. Using observation, interviews and documentary analysis it traces the reactions of citizens of one very ordinary town to events, conflicts and controversies around such topical subjects of criminological investigation as youth, public order, drugs, policing and home security in their community. In doing so it moves in place from comfortable suburbs to hard pressed inner city estates, from the affluent to the impoverished, from old people watching the town where they grew up change around them to young in-comers who are part of that change. This is a book which will give all students of crime a rare and fascinating insight into how issues at the heart of contemporary law and order politics both nationally and internationally actually play out on the ground.

Geographic Profiling (Hardcover): D. Kim Rossmo Geographic Profiling (Hardcover)
D. Kim Rossmo
R4,379 Discovery Miles 43 790 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

As any police officer who has ever walked a beat or worked a crime scene knows, the street has its hot spots, patterns, and rhythms: drug dealers work their markets, prostitutes stroll their favorite corners, and burglars hit their favorite neighborhoods. But putting all the geographic information together in cases of serial violent crime (murder, rape, arson, bombing, and robbery) is highly challenging. Just ask the homicide detectives of the Los Angeles Police Department who hunted the Hillside Stranglers, or law enforcement officers in Louisiana who tracked the brutal South Side rapist.

Geographic Profiling introduces and explains this cutting-edge investigative methodology in-depth. Used to analyze the locations of a connected series of crimes to determine the most likely area of offender residence, geographic profiling allows investigators and law enforcement officers to more effectively manage information and focus their investigations.

This extensive and exhaustive work explains geographic profiling theories and principles, and includes an extensive review of the literature and research in the areas of criminal profiling, forensic behavioral science, serial violent crime, environmental criminology, and the geography of crime. For investigators and police officers deployed in the field, as well as criminal analysts, Geographic Profiling is a "must have" reference.

Forensic Science Glossary (Paperback): John C Brenner Forensic Science Glossary (Paperback)
John C Brenner
R1,867 R1,611 Discovery Miles 16 110 Save R256 (14%) Ships in 12 - 17 working days

In forensics, there is often a difficulty conveying critical scientific terms to investigators, attorneys, juries, and even court reporters. Forensic Science Glossary is a single source reference that contains the spelling and definitions of commonly used terms found in forensic environments. This glossary of words and their meanings covers important areas of forensic science, including the relevant toxicology, documents, drug chemistry, criminalistics, ballistics, and DNA analysis. It is the first forensic glossary to integrate such a wide variety of topics.

Fingerprint Detection with Lasers (Hardcover, 2nd edition): E Menzel Fingerprint Detection with Lasers (Hardcover, 2nd edition)
E Menzel
R4,809 Discovery Miles 48 090 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Offers a complete, up-to-date treatment of fingerprint detection with lasers, including basic principles & equipment, established photoluminescence-based detection techniques, & an exciting range of emerging techniques. More than twice the length of the First Edition & over 90% revised. Second Edition summarizes new information on time-resolved fingerprint detection, transition selection rules, image intensifiers & CCD cameras, uses of photoluminescence in criminalistics, & scientific principles underlying fingerprint detection.

Profiling in Policy and Practice (Paperback): David Canter, Laurence Alison Profiling in Policy and Practice (Paperback)
David Canter, Laurence Alison
R1,537 Discovery Miles 15 370 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

'Profilers' and 'Profiling' are now widely discussed, often with almost mythical respect. This is the first volume to cut through the confusions and misunderstandings surrounding this topic to report on detailed, original, scientific research that examines the variations in criminal behaviour from which any 'profile' must be derived. The studies included examine both early approaches to the field and the future problems and potential for an Investigative Psychology approach of offender profiling. This book will be of great value to all those who have been waiting for a scientific, psychological basis to police investigations. It will be read with interest by those who want to get behind the rhetoric and controversy that surrounds 'offender profiling' and require an up to date account of current research and recent discoveries.

Studies in Crime - An Introduction to Forensic Archaeology (Paperback, New edition): Carol Heron, John Hunter, Geoffrey... Studies in Crime - An Introduction to Forensic Archaeology (Paperback, New edition)
Carol Heron, John Hunter, Geoffrey Knupfer, Anthony Martin, Mark Pollard, …
R1,473 Discovery Miles 14 730 Ships in 12 - 17 working days


The study of forensic evidence using archaeology is a new discipline which has rapidly gained importance, not only in archaeological studies but also in the investigation of real crimes. Archaeological evidence is increasingly presented in criminal cases and has helped to secure a number of convictions.
Studies in Crime surveys methods of searching for and locating buried remains, their practical recovery, the decay of human and associated death scene materials, the analysis and identification of human remains including the use of DNA, and dating the time of death.
The book contains essential information for forensic scientists, archaeologists, police officers, police surgeons, pathologists and lawyers. Studies in Crime will also be of interest to members of the public interested in the investigation of death by unnatural causes, both ancient and modern.

Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification (Hardcover): Siegfried L. Sporer, Roy S. Malpass, Guenter Koehnken Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification (Hardcover)
Siegfried L. Sporer, Roy S. Malpass, Guenter Koehnken
R3,492 Discovery Miles 34 920 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Why do police officers, investigators, prosecutors, judges, and others with an interest in eliciting accurate memory-based testimony need to inform themselves of the research literature in experimental psychology that addresses the question of witness memory? The answer is straightforward, from the perspective of a simple cost/benefit analysis. As with so many matters in the administration of public funds, effectiveness holds important rewards. Those who investigate crimes and decide which line of investigation to pursue and which line to postpone or set aside, necessarily make judgments about the likely guilt of suspects based on the information at hand. If they can make these judgments with a high degree of accuracy, everyone benefits.
For many cases eyewitness identification is an important component of evidence, prosecution, and plea negotiation. If witness identification is correctly implemented, investigators and prosecutors can make their judgments effectively, and focus their resources more efficiently. A major component of effectiveness requires avoiding expending scarce resources on erroneous prosecutions. It is in everyone's interest to make the best use of the memory of witnesses: to preserve it without changing it; to render it maximally accessible; to provide an environment in which witnesses feel free to report their recollections; and to accurately assess the probable validity of the witness's report, regardless of the witness's certainty or doubts about its accuracy.
This volume gathers evidence from various research domains on eyewitness testimony. Although many of the studies discussed deal with eyewitness identification, it is noteworthy that many of them also touch upon other areas of concern to eyewitness researchers, including chapters on:
*voice recognition by humans and computers, with particularly detailed instructions on conducting voice "lineup,"
*differential aspects of recognition memory in children,
*elderly eyewitness' memory,
*problems of cross-racial identification,
*psychological aspects of facial image reconstruction techniques,
*person descriptions,
*particular benefits of reinstating context as a means to improve eyewitness memory,
*problems associated with various research paradigms in the eyewitness arena, and
*recommendations on how to conduct lineups and photospreads and their proper evaluation.
Differentiated from other literature on this topic by its non-technical language and accessibility to non-professionals, this volume covers a great deal of ground, raises a host of questions, settles some others, and points the way to more effective use and evaluation of what eyewitnesses have to say.

Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification (Paperback): Siegfried L. Sporer, Roy S. Malpass, Guenter Koehnken Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification (Paperback)
Siegfried L. Sporer, Roy S. Malpass, Guenter Koehnken
R1,662 Discovery Miles 16 620 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

Why do police officers, investigators, prosecutors, judges, and others with an interest in eliciting accurate memory-based testimony need to inform themselves of the research literature in experimental psychology that addresses the question of witness memory? The answer is straightforward, from the perspective of a simple cost/benefit analysis. As with so many matters in the administration of public funds, effectiveness holds important rewards. Those who investigate crimes and decide which line of investigation to pursue and which line to postpone or set aside, necessarily make judgments about the likely guilt of suspects based on the information at hand. If they can make these judgments with a high degree of accuracy, everyone benefits.
For many cases eyewitness identification is an important component of evidence, prosecution, and plea negotiation. If witness identification is correctly implemented, investigators and prosecutors can make their judgments effectively, and focus their resources more efficiently. A major component of effectiveness requires avoiding expending scarce resources on erroneous prosecutions. It is in everyone's interest to make the best use of the memory of witnesses: to preserve it without changing it; to render it maximally accessible; to provide an environment in which witnesses feel free to report their recollections; and to accurately assess the probable validity of the witness's report, regardless of the witness's certainty or doubts about its accuracy.
This volume gathers evidence from various research domains on eyewitness testimony. Although many of the studies discussed deal with eyewitness identification, it is noteworthy that many of them also touch upon other areas of concern to eyewitness researchers, including chapters on:
*voice recognition by humans and computers, with particularly detailed instructions on conducting voice "lineup,"
*differential aspects of recognition memory in children,
*elderly eyewitness' memory,
*problems of cross-racial identification,
*psychological aspects of facial image reconstruction techniques,
*person descriptions,
*particular benefits of reinstating context as a means to improve eyewitness memory,
*problems associated with various research paradigms in the eyewitness arena, and
*recommendations on how to conduct lineups and photospreads and their proper evaluation.
Differentiated from other literature on this topic by its non-technical language and accessibility to non-professionals, this volume covers a great deal of ground, raises a host of questions, settles some others, and points the way to more effective use and evaluation of what eyewitnesses have to say.

Using Murder - The Social Construction of Serial Homicide (Paperback, New): Philip Jenkins Using Murder - The Social Construction of Serial Homicide (Paperback, New)
Philip Jenkins
R1,419 Discovery Miles 14 190 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

In the last decade, serial murder has become a source of major concern for law enforcement agencies, while the serial killer has attracted widespread interest as a villain in popular culture. There is no doubt, however, that popular fears and stereotypes have vastly exaggerated the actual scale of multiple homicide activity. In assessing the concern and the interest, Jenkins has produced an innovative synthesis of approaches to social problem construction. It includes an historical and social-scientific estimate of the objective scale of serial murder; a rhetorical analysis of the construction of the phenomenon in public debate; and a cultural studies-oriented analysis of the portrayal of serial murder in contemporary literature, film, and the mass media.

Using Murder suggests that a problem of this sort can only be understood in the context of its political and rhetorical dimension; that fears of crime and violence are valuable for particular constituencies and interest groups, which put them to their own uses. In part, these agendas are bureaucratic, in the sense that exaggerated concern about the offense generates support for criminal justice agencies. But other forces are at work in the culture at large, where serial murder has become an invaluable rhetorical weapon in public debates over issues like gender, race, and sexual orientation.

Serial murder is worthy of study not so much for its intrinsic significance, but rather for what it suggests about the concerns, needs, and fears of the society that has come to portray it as an "ultimate evil." Using Murder is a highly original study of a powerful contemporary mythology by a criminologist and historian versed in the constructionist literature on the origins of "moral panics."

Police Psychology Into the 21st Century (Hardcover): Martin I. Kurke, Ellen M. Scrivner Police Psychology Into the 21st Century (Hardcover)
Martin I. Kurke, Ellen M. Scrivner
R3,964 Discovery Miles 39 640 Ships in 12 - 17 working days

As we approach the 21st century, there is a discernable shift in policing, from an incident-driven perspective to a proactive problem solving stance often described as "community policing." In this volume a panel of 21 psychologists examine the changing directions in policing and how such changes impact on psychological service delivery and operational support to law enforcement agencies. The book describes existing and emerging means of providing psychological support to the law enforcement community in response to police needs to accommodate new technology, community-oriented problem solving technology, crime prevention, and sensitivity to community social changes.
Senior psychologists who are sworn officers, federal agents and civilian employees of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies comprise the team of chapter authors. Their perspectives encompass their collective experience "in the trenches" and in law enforcement management and administrative support roles. They discuss traditional applications of psychology to police selection, training and promotion processes, and in trauma stress management and evaluation of fitness for duty. Concerns related to police diversity and police family issues are also addressed, as are unique aspects of police stress management. Additional chapters are dedicated to establishing psychological service functions that currently are less familiar to police agencies than they are to other government and private sector service recipients. These chapters are devoted to police psychologists as human resource professionals, as human factors experts in accommodating to new technology and to new legal requirements, as organizational behavioral experts, and as strategic planners.
This text is recommended reading for two groups:
*police and public safety administators whose work takes them--or should take them--into contact with police psychologists;
*practicing and would-be police psychologists concerned with the emerging trends in the application of psychology to police and other public safety programs.

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