Maintaining the Safety of our Dams and Reservoirs covers a wide range of topics which are of direct relevance to all who work with dams and reservoirs, whether in the UK or abroad, be they owners, maintainers, designers or constructors. The changes to the UK's legislative frameworks for dam safety are covered, as are examples of the many environmental factors to be taken into account, not just for the construction of new dams but also for alterations and repairs. Several papers provide examples of the planning or construction of new dams, while many deal with upgrades and repairs to existing dams, some as the results of unforeseen incidents.

This book describes the practical aspects necessary to design, manage, monitor, and assess these hydraulic structures. The approaches, used to develop tools and methods for assessing performance and safety of dams largely applied for French cases, has been discussed for aggregating heterogeneous information and expert knowledge. Field measurements have been applied to the performance and the safety assessment for two real-life examples of old dams: Zermanice Concrete Dam and Sance Rockfill Dam in the Czech Republic. The finite element models (FEM), to simulate the crucial loading and monitoring stages of these dams, indicate heave, tilting, uneven displacements, and large settlements. Dam safety and risk management have been performed through the design of spillways, energy dissipators, dams' aseismic air-cushion control, simulation of aseismic mechanisms, control optimisation using shaking table tests, and the opportunity to use optic fibre crack sensing to prevent seismic damage.

This book aims to develop the ideas from fundamentals of percolation theory to practical reservoir engineering applications. Through a focus on field scale applications of percolation concepts to reservoir engineering problems, it offers an approximation method to determine many important reservoir parameters, such as effective permeability and reservoir connectivity and the physical analysis of some reservoir engineering properties. Starring with the concept of percolation theory, it then develops into methods to simple geological systems like sand-bodies and fractures. The accuracy and efficiency of the percolation concept for these is explained and further extended to more complex realistic models.Percolation Theory in Reservoir Engineering primarily focuses on larger reservoir scale flow and demonstrates methods that can be used to estimate large scale properties and their uncertainty, crucial for major development and investment decisions in hydrocarbon recovery.

The Bureau of Reclamation is responsible for the construction of most of the large irrigation and water resources infrastructure in the West. Reclamation manages water resource facilities in 17 western states with an original development cost of over $20.0 billion. Furthermore, Reclamation is over 100 years old. This ageing infrastructure requires increased maintenance and replacement efforts and expenditures. This book describes Reclamation's approach to managing ageing infrastructure. There is also a discussion of four specific approaches to managing Reclamation's ageing infrastructure through legislative action. Furthermore, the principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorised in the Clean Water Act (CWA). This book explores the funding for EPA wastewater assistance and some of the funded projects which are not authorised in the Clean Water Act nor the Safe Drinking Water Act. This book also examines the urgent actions needed to be taken for additional funding to resolve any deficiencies in dams. While dams have multiple benefits, they can also present a risk to public safety and economic infrastructure. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

Where will the water come from to sustain the great desert cities of Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and Phoenix? In a provocative exploration of the past, present, and future of water in the West, James Lawrence Powell begins at Lake Powell, the vast reservoir that has become an emblem of this story. At present, Lake Powell is less than half full. Bathtub rings ten stories tall encircle its blue water; boat ramps and marinas lie stranded and useless. To refill it would require surplus water - but there is no surplus: burgeoning populations and thirsty crops consume every drop of the Colorado River. Add to this picture the looming effects of global warming and drought, and the scenario becomes bleaker still. "Dead Pool", featuring rarely seen historical photographs, explains why America built the dam that made Lake Powell and others like it and then allowed its citizens to become dependent on their benefits, which were always temporary. Writing for a wide audience, Powell shows us exactly why an urgent threat during the first half of the twenty-first century will come, not from the rising of the seas but from the falling of the reservoirs.

When it is completed in 2009 the Three Gorges Dam, a hydroelectric dam which spans the Yangzi River in China, will generate enough electricity to power four cities the size of Los Angeles. Despite the fact that it will drastically reduce coal consumption and eliminate 100 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year, the project is entwined in controversy. Since construction began in 1994, nearly one thousand neighboring towns and villages have been submerged and over one million people have been displaced by the dam's 375-mile reservoir.
With "Displacement," the University of Chicago's Smart Museum of Art extends a series of exhibition catalogs produced in conjunction with renowned Chinese art scholar and curator Wu Hung. This fascinating project reveals how four leading Chinese artists--Chen Qiulin, Liu Xiaodong, Yun-Fei Ji, and Zhuang Hui--have confronted the Three Gorges Dam, employing a variety of contemporary techniques to respond to the massive forced migration of people, the demolition of ancient architecture, and the devastation of the local landscape.
Alongside the catalog's lavish illustrations are three essays, penned by Wu Hung, Stephanie Smith, and Jason McGrath, which range in topic from contemporary art and environmental sustainability to Chinese film and its treatment of the dam. In addition, interviews conducted with each of the artists offer insight into their work and address the difficult task of relating artistic practice to the wider world.

Floods and Reservoir Safety, 4th edition provides authoritative guidance on flood protection standards, flood magnitude and freeboard - guidance which is essential for engineers who are responsible for the design and inspection of reservoirs. The fourth edition has been completely revised and updated by the Working Party on Floods and Reservoirs Safety. This new edition takes into account the best current research and reflects the experience of engineers in this field. It provides authoritative guidance on flood protection standards, flood magnitude and freeboard - guidance which is essential for engineers who are responsible for the design and inspection of reservoirs.

Where will the water come from to sustain the great desert cities of Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and Phoenix? In a provocative exploration of the past, present, and future of water in the West, James Lawrence Powell begins at Lake Powell, the vast reservoir that has become an emblem of this story. At present, Lake Powell is less than half full. Bathtub rings ten stories tall encircle its blue water; boat ramps and marinas lie stranded and useless. To refill it would require surplus water--but there is no surplus: burgeoning populations and thirsty crops consume every drop of the Colorado River. Add to this picture the looming effects of global warming and drought, and the scenario becomes bleaker still. "Dead Pool, "featuring rarely seen historical photographs, explains why America built the dam that made Lake Powell and others like it and then allowed its citizens to become dependent on their benefits, which were always temporary. Writing for a wide audience, Powell shows us exactly why an urgent threat during the first half of the twenty-first century will come not from the rising of the seas but from the falling of the reservoirs.

Minutes before midnight on March 12, 1928, the St. Francis Dam collapsed, sending more than twelve billion gallons of water surging through Southern California's Santa Clara Valley, killing some four hundred people and causing the greatest civil engineering disaster in twentieth-century American history. In this carefully researched work, Norris Hundley jr. and Donald C. Jackson provide a riveting narrative exploring the history of the ill-fated dam and the person directly responsible for its flawed design-William Mulholland, a self-taught engineer of the Los Angeles municipal water system. Employing copious illustrations and intensive research, Heavy Ground traces the interwoven roles of politics and engineering in explaining how the St. Francis Dam came to be built and the reasons for its collapse. Hundley and Jackson also detail the terror and heartbreak brought by the flood, legal claims against the City of Los Angeles, efforts to restore the Santa Clara Valley, political factors influencing investigations of the failure, and the effect of the disaster on congressional approval of the future Hoover Dam. Underlying it all is a consideration of how the dam-and the disaster-were inextricably intertwined with the life and career of William Mulholland. Ultimately, this thoughtful and nuanced account of the dam's failure reveals how individual and bureaucratic conceit fed Los Angeles's desire to control vital water supplies in the booming metropolis of Southern California.

Hydraulic engineering of dams and their appurtenant structures counts among the essential tasks to successfully design safe water-retaining reservoirs for hydroelectric power generation, flood retention, and irrigation and water supply demands. In view of climate change, especially dams and reservoirs, among other water infrastructure, will and have to play an even more important role than in the past as part of necessary mitigation and adaptation measures to satisfy vital needs in water supply, renewable energy and food worldwide as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. This book deals with the major hydraulic aspects of dam engineering considering recent developments in research and construction, namely overflow, conveyance and dissipations structures of spillways, river diversion facilities during construction, bottom and low-level outlets as well as intake structures. Furthermore, the book covers reservoir sedimentation, impulse waves and dambreak waves, which are relevant topics in view of sustainable and safe operation of reservoirs. The book is richly illustrated with photographs, highlighting the various appurtenant structures of dams addressed in the book chapters, as well as figures and diagrams showing important relations among the governing parameters of a certain phenomenon. An extensive literature review along with an updated bibliography complete this book.

Smart Dams and Reservoirs contains the proceedings of the 20th Biennial Conference of the British Dam Society that took place from 13-15th September 2018. Many new techniques and methods are now available for investigating, designing, constructing and monitoring dams. The papers in this book give examples of how new ideas have been used in practice to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the work that is necessary to ensure the safety of dams and reservoirs. The heritage value of older dams is being increasingly recognised, and this book aims to show how ensuring their safety can be carried out without adversely affecting the historic and landscape features of these sites. The papers are grouped into six chapters covering - planning and investigatory techniques - working with our heritage - new approaches to design - innovative approaches in during dam construction - sensing and monitoring techniques for the twenty-first century - emergency preparedness. The papers in this book will be of interest not only to engineers and others directly involved in the management of reservoirs, but also to designers and suppliers of new techniques and remote monitoring and surveillance equipment.

First published in 1987 and named a Choice Outstanding Academic Book the following year, Damming the Delaware is the definitive study of two hundred years of water management history along the Delaware River. The history of the Tocks Island Dam Project is traced from an early 1783 anti-dam treaty, through the highly emotional environmental controversy in the 1970s, to the historic Good Faith agreement of the 1980s. The story involves the water politics of four states, two major U.S. cities, and the federal government, plus the influence of the environmental movement over major public works projects.

In this second edition, the author updates the Tocks Island/Delaware River story to 2005. A major shift in the underlying philosophies of Delaware River management during the intervening years is described along with various successes and failures in water management. A Foreword to the second edition is written by Maya van Rossum, the Delaware Riverkeeper and Executive Director of the Delaware Riverkeeper Network, a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization that has both successfully fought dam projects and removed existing dams.

Contents:
Foreword. Acknowledgements. Chapter I: Basic Requirements for Optimization. 1.0 Introduction. 1.2 Personnel. 1.3 Management Structure. 1.4 Plan Maintenance. 1.5 Housekeeping. Chapter II: Assessing Plant Performance and Identifying Defects. 2.1 Observing Plant Operation. 2.2 Raw Water Intake 2.3 Raw Water Metering 2.4 Coagulent Handling. 2.5 Flocculation Systems. 2.6 Settling Basins. 2.7 Filters. 2.8 Disinfection. 2.9 Stabilizaion. 2.10 Checklist for Plant Review Chapter III: Water Analysis for Treatment Control. 3.1 Physical Contaminants. 3.2 Biological Variables. 3.3 Chemical Variables and Contamination. 3.4 Laboratory Analysis. Chapter IV: Improving Plants and their Operation. 4.1 Plant Records. 4.2 Raw Water Intake and Flow. 4.3 Rehabilitation of the Chemical Building. 4.4 Pretreatment Units. 4.5 Filter Rehabilitation. 4.6 Filter Operation. 4.7 Stabilization. Chapter V: Determining Design Parameters. 5.1 Introduction to Bench Scale Testing. 5.2 Design and Process Parameters. 5.3 Equipment and Laboratory Space. 5.4 Testing 5.4 Testing in the Laboratory for Conventional Treatment. 5.5 Testing in the Laboratory for Direct Filtration. 5.6 Sampling for Determinination of Treatment Plant Performance. 5.7 Pilot Plants. 5.8 Treatment Plant as a Pilot Plant. Chapter VI. Disinfection. 6.1 Choice of Process. 6.2 Health Risks of Chlorine. 6.3 Design of Chlorination Facilities. Chapter VII: Optimising and Upgrading Treatment Plants. 7.1 Applying New Technology. 7.2 Optimizing the Treatment Process and Plant Performance. 7.3 Design Information. Chapter VIII: Optimisation and Upgrading of a Plant from 100 ls-1 to 250 ls-1. 8.1 Assessment of Existing Plant. 8.2 Characteristics of the Upgraded Plant. 8.3 Inlet Chamber. 8.4 Initial Mixing of Coagulant and Raw Water. 8.5 Flocculation. 8.6 Distribution of Flocculated Water to Settling Basins. 8.7 Settling Basins. 8.8 Filters. 8.9 Summary. Chapter IX: Optimisation and Upgrading of a Plant from 1m3s-1 to 2.5m3s-1. 9.1 Assessment of Existing Plant. 9.2 Modifications Required for Upgrading and Optimisation. 9.3 Design of Modifications. Chapter X: Optimisation and Upgrading of a Plant from 20 ls-1 to 50 ls-1 10.1 Assessment of Original Plant. 10.2 Plant performance. 10.3 Upgrading Parameters Determined by Jar Testing. 10.4 Design of Modifications for Upgrading and Optimization. Appendix I Sources of Further Information. Appendix II. Glossary of Terms. Index.

This reference book presents the theory and methodology to conduct a finite element assessment of concrete structures subjected to chemically induced volumetric expansion in general and alkali aggregate reaction in particular. It is limited to models developed by the author, and focuses on how to best address a simple question: if a structure suffers from AAR, how is its structural integrity jeopardized, and when would the reaction end. Subjects treated are: * Brief overview of AAR: nature of the chemical reactions, AAR in both dams and nuclear power plants, and how does it impact the mechanical properties of concrete. * Constitutive model for both the AAR expansion, and concrete nonlinearities (both smeared and discrete crack models). * Validation of the model along with a parametric study to assess what are the critical parameters in a study. * Selection of material properties for an AAR finite element simulation, followed by applications in dams and massive reinforced concrete structures. * Micro Model for improved understanding of the essence of the reaction, along with a newly proposed mathematical model for the kinetics of the reaction. * Review of relevant procedures to estimate the residual expansion of a structure suffering from AAR, along with a proposed approach to determine when the reaction will end. The book is extensively illustrated with numerous figures and provides guidance to engineers confronted with swelling in concrete infrastructures.

The development of water resources is a key element in the socio-economic development of many regions in the world. Water availability and rainfall are unequally distributed both in space and time, so dams play a vital role, there being few viable alternatives for storing water. Dams hold a prime place in satisfying the ever-increasing demand for power, irrigation and drinking water, for protection of man, property and environment from catastrophic floods, and for regulating the flow of rivers. Dams have contributed to the development of civilization for over 2,000 years. Worldwide there are some 45,000 large dams listed by ICOLD, which have a height over 15 meters. Today, in western countries, where most of the water resources have been developed, the safety of the existing dams and measures for extending their economical life are of prime concern. In developing countries the focus is on the construction of new dams. The proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Dam Engineering includes contributions from 18 countries, and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in hydropower development, new type dams, new materials and new technologies, dam and environment. Traditional areas, such as concrete dams and embankment dams, methods of analysis and design of dams, dam foundation, seismic analysis, design and safety, stability of dam and slope, dam safety monitoring and instrumentation, dam maintenance, and rehabilitation and heightening are also considered. The book is of special interest to scientists, researchers, engineers, and students working in dam engineering, dam design, hydropower development, environmental engineering, and structural hydraulics.

Dams and Appurtenant Hydraulic Structures, now in its second edition, provides a comprehensive and complete overview of all kinds of dams and appurtenant hydraulic structures throughout the world. The reader is guided through different aspects of dams and appurtenant hydraulic structures in 35 chapters, which are subdivided in five themes: I. Dams and appurtenant hydraulic structures - General; II. Embankment dams; III. Concrete dams; IV. Hydromechanical equipment and appurtenant hydraulic structures; V. Hydraulic schemes. Subjects treated are general questions, design, construction, surveillance, maintenance and reconstruction of various embankment and concrete dams, hydromechanical equipment, spillway structures, bottom outlets, special hydraulic structures, composition of structures in river hydraulic schemes, reservoirs, environmental effects of river hydraulic schemes and reservoirs and environmental protection. Special attention is paid to advanced methods of static and dynamic analysis of embankment dams. The wealth of experience gained by the author over the course of 35 years of research and practice is incorporated in this richly-illustrated, fully revised, updated and expanded edition. For the original Macedonian edition of Dams and Appurtenant Hydraulic Structures, Ljubomir Tanchev was awarded the Goce Delchev Prize, the highest state prize for achievements in science in the Republic of Macedonia. This work is intended for senior students, researchers and professionals in civil, hydraulic and environmental engineering and dam construction and exploitation.

As there has been a continued increase in the demand for higher levels of safety, security and reliability for all critical infrastructures, the design, construction, and operation of dams should be integrated as part of a comprehensive risk management framework that can effectively address natural and manmade hazards. As an effect, in recent years integrated management strategies have become more and more important, and as such, their related implementation efforts should include aspects such as sustainability, resilience, and public participation. Risk Analysis, Dam Safety, Dam Security, and Critical Infrastructure Management offers the state of the art on risk analysis, representing a primary tool for achieving effective management of critical infrastructures along with a suitable framework for the development of risk management models regarding natural, technological and human-induced hazards.

By the year 2000, the world had built more than 45,000 large dams to irrigate crops, generate power, control floods in wet times and store water in dry times. Yet, in the last century, large dams also disrupted the ecology of half the world's rivers, displaced tens of millions of people from their homes and left nations burdened with debt. Their impacts have inevitably generated growing controversy and conflicts. Resolving their role in meeting water and energy needs is vital for the future and illustrates the complex development challenges that face our societies. The Report of the World Commission on Dams: - is the product of an unprecedented global public policy effort to bring governments, the private sector and civil society together in one process - provides the first comprehensive global and independent review of the performance and impacts of dams - presents a new framework for water and energy resources development - develops an agenda of seven strategic priorities with corresponding criteria and guidelines for future decision-making. Challenging our assumptions, the Commission sets before us the hard, rigorous and clear-eyed evidence of exactly why nations decide to build dams and how dams can affect human, plant and animal life, for better or for worse. Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making is vital reading on the future of dams as well as the changing development context where new voices, choices and options leave little room for a business-as-usual scenario.