Methods of controlling mass concrete temperatures range from relatively simple to complex and from inexpensive too costly. Depending on a particular situation, it may be advantageous to use one or more methods over others. Based on the author s 50 years of personal experience in designing mass concrete structures, "Thermal Stresses and Temperature Control of Mass Concrete "provides a clear and rigorous guide to selecting the right techniques to meet project-specific and financial needs. New techniques such as long time superficial thermal insulation, comprehensive temperature control, and MgO self-expansive concrete are introduced.
Methods for calculating the temperature field and thermal stresses in dams, docks, tunnels, and concrete blocks and beams on elastic foundationsThermal stress computationsthat take into account the influences of all factors and simulate the process of constructionAnalytical methods for determining thermal and mechanical properties of concreteFormulas for determining water temperature in reservoirs and temperature loading of arched damsNew numerical monitoring methods for mass and semi-mature aged concrete"

This book offers a timely report on methods for risk assessment procedures for dams, with a special emphasis on dams with small storage dimensions. It starts by introducing all important definitions relating to dams, dam safety, such as the most common failure modes, and risks. In turn, it describes in detail the most important evaluation procedures for various failure modes such as piping, flood, earthquake and stability are described in this chapter. Consequence assessment procedures, together with the different steps of the risk evaluation process, are analyzed, providing a guide on how to identify the appropriate failure mode for the examined dam and setting up the appropriate safety plan. The book introduces the most common methods for predicting peak breach discharge, analyzing some relevant case studies. Upon comparing the findings obtained with the different methods, the book concludes with some general suggestions and ideas for future developments. This book fills an important gap between theoretical works and real-life problems being investigating in practical research studies on dam safety and risk management. It provides readers with the necessary knowledge on risk analysis and shows how to apply this in practice to carry out dam safety studies. It offers practical guidelines to set up risk assessment procedures for different failure modes and predicting failure parameters such as failure time, peak breach discharge and breach width.

This book gives an up-to-date review on dam-break problems, along with the main theoretical background and the practical aspects involved in dam failures, design of flood defence structures, prevention measures and the environmental, social, economic, and forensic aspects related to the topic. Moreover, an exhaustive range of laboratory tests and modelling techniques is explored to deal effectively with shock waves and other disasters caused by dam failures. Disaster management refers to programs and strategies designed to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from the effects of these phenomena. To manage and minimize these risks, it is necessary to identify hazards and vulnerability by means of a deep knowledge of the causes, which lead to dam failures, and to understand the flow propagation process. Knowledge and advanced scientific tools play a role of paramount importance in the strain of coping with flooding and other dam-break problems along with the capacity building in the context of political and administrative frameworks.All these aspects are featured in the book, which is a comprehensive treaty that covers the most theoretical and advanced aspects of structural and hydraulic engineering, together with the hazard assessment and mitigation measures and the social, economic and forensic aspects related to subject.

Nominated by Tsinghua University as an outstanding Ph.D. thesis, this book investigates the mechanical properties of unsaturated compacted clayey soil, the multi-field coupling consolidation theory of unsaturated soil and its application to a 261.5 m high earth-rockfill dam. It proposes a multi-field coupling analysis method of consolidation, and develops an efficient and practical finite element (FE) program for large-scale complex earth-rockfill dams. The book is primarily intended for researchers studying the multi-field coupling analysis of seepage consolidation.

Internal erosion and piping in embankments and their foundations is the main cause of failures and accidents to embankment dams. For new dams, the potential for internal erosion and piping can be controlled by good design and construction of the core of the dam and provision of filters to intercept seepage through the embankment and the foundations. Internal Erosion of Dams and their Foundations brings together a selection of the best reviewed papers from the Workshop on Internal Erosion and Piping of Dams and their Foundations, held in the spring of 2005 in Aussois, France. The book covers the whole internal erosion process, from initiation of erosion, continuation, progression to form a pipe, and formation of a breach. An overview chapter based on the Workshop describes the state of the art in the field and identifies research needs. This resource will be most valuable to dam engineers, researchers and students who are involved in assessing the safety of embankment dams with regard to internal erosion and piping.

Water resources stored by dams and reservoirs play an essential role in water resource management, hydropower and flood control. Where there is an extensive network of dam infrastructures, dams have made a major contribution to economic and social development, providing considerable storage capacity per capita. However, dams and reservoirs may also have an important social and environmental impact, and should be studied within the framework of integrated water resource management and sustainable development. Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century presents the latest research on the role played by dams and reservoirs in 21st century societies, in developed, emergent and developing countries. It analyses the viability of dams and suggests alternative solutions from a holistic perspective, considering the technical, economic, social and environmental aspects. Other issues covered include the social acceptability of dams, public involvement and dam awareness. The book covers subjects ranging from dam engineering, through the benefits and drawbacks of dams, to their social and environmental impact, and contains numerous case studies of the constructive contributions that reservoirs have made to water development and management. The book is a valuable resource for professional and dam engineers, water managers, governmental organizations and commercial enterprises responsible for dam development and management.

This book comprises the papers of the International Conference on Hydraulics of Dams and Rivers Structures, held in Tehran, 26-28 April 2004. The topics covered include air-water flows, intakes and outlets, hydrodynamic forces, energy dissipators, stepped spillways, scouring and sedimentation around structures, numerical approaches in river hydrodynamics, river response to hydraulic structures and hydroinformatic applications. This proceedings provides professionals and researchers with news of interdisciplinary research findings, considering future development of the sector in its many and various applications.

A book of broad interest to professionals, dam engineers and managers, and to organizations responsible for dam development and management, RCC Dams offers a topical account of the design and operation of roller compacted concrete dams, describing the latest developments and innovative technologies in the field. The book considers planning and design, materials and construction, as well as the operation and performance of RCC dams.

The Proceedings of the Symposium at World Water Day, 2001 presents a discussion of dams and dikes. Various speakers considered the benefits and drawbacks of dams, and there was discussion about why it is that people are against dams in specific situations, and how such situations may be resolved. Solutions are suggested to such controversies. These proceedings contain the full text of the presentations. They will be a useful resource for decision-makers and planners of future projects. This work highlights the international nature of these important hydraulic engineering strucures and both their technology and social implications.

During the life of a dam, changes in safety standards, legislation and land use will inevitably occur, and functional deterioration may also appear. To meet these challenges, these Proceedings from a panel of international experts assess, define and re-evaluate the design criteria for the construction of dams and the many attendant issues in on-going maintenance and management. Authors include international specialists: academics, professionals and those in local government, utilities and suppliers. Practitioners from these same fields will find the book a useful tool in acquiring a comprehensive knowledge of managing and retrofitting dams, so that they can continue to meet society's needs.

The book describes in twelve chapters the modern tools available for the detection and prevention of leaks from dams and reservoirs, including water chemistry, isotope analyses, artificial tracers, permeability tests, geophysical methods and techniques for the localization of water flows both inside the reservoir and boreholes. Numerous case studies are presented corresponding to studies of more than thirty dams performed by researchers in eighteen different countries.

This book provides a discussion of the latest research pertaining to the hydraulic design of spilways and to hydraulic engineering in general. It comprises the papers of a workshop organized to bring together engineers and scientists from around the world for the exchange of ideas on water flow over stepped spillways. This workshop covered a range of subjects from two-phase flow characteristics to refurbishment and implementation of spillways in existing dam structures, and the book also includes a number of illustrative case studies. Overall, this book is one of the first in the rapidly growing field of modern hydraulic engineering techniques. It will interest designers, scientists, and graduate students and researchers in the fields of hydraulic, civil and environmental engineering.

Besides giving an historical introduction to embankment dams the book describes the need for instrumentation, planning procurement and installation practices of instruments. The significance of visual inspection and techniques, of monitoring various parameters, seepage, pore pressure, surface and internal displacements, earth pressures and seismic behaviour, through instrumentation has been described. Collection and processing of data and their use for back analysis to check stability of a dam at various stages of construction and reservoir filling have been suggested. In addition to case histories quoted in various chapters, an exclusive chapter on select case histories has been added which describes the conventional and latest instruments that are being used and methods adopted for installation, monitoring and analyses of data.

Energy dissipators are an important element of hydraulic structures as transition between the highly explosive high velocity flow and the sensitive tailwater. This volume examines energy dissipators mainly in connection with dam structures and provides a review of design methods. It includes topics such as hydraulic jump, stilling basins, ski jumps and plunge pools. It also introduces a general account of various methods of dissipation, as well as the governing flow mechanisms.

Dams are constructed for economic development, and their construction involves large investments of money, and natural and human resources. Of the various types of dams constructed around the globe, earth dams are the most common type and constitute the vast majority of dams. When adam fails, it culminates in the sudden release of artificially stored water which, in turn, becomes a potential menace to virtually everything downstream. The dam failure may result in loss of life and property. In recent years, instances of dam failure in the world have been too many, and the resulting loss too high. As a result, dam safety pro grams have been developed in most countries of the world since the beginning of the nineteenth eighties. . Earth dams are more susceptible to failure than other types. The cause of failure is often either overtopping or piping. The modeling of dam breaching due to either or both of these causes is of fundamental importance to development of dam-safety programs. This book is, therefore, an attempt to present some aspects of earth-dam breach modeling technology. It is hoped that others will be stimulated to write more comprehensive texts on this subject of growing interest and importance. The book is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is introductory and discusses some aspects of dams and dam failures in the world."

This open access book presents a series of complicated hydraulic phenomena and related mechanism of high-speed flows in head-head dam. According to the basic hydraulic theory, detailed experiments and numerical simulations, microscopic scale analysis on cavitation bubbles, air bubbles, turbulent eddy vortices and sand grains are examined systemically. These investigations on microscopic fluid mechanics, including cavitation erosion, aeration protection, air-water flow, energy dissipation and river-bed scouring, allow a deep understanding of hydraulics in high-head dams. This book provides reference for designers and researchers in hydraulic engineering, environment engineering and fluid mechanics.

Hydraulic engineering of dams and their appurtenant structures counts among the essential tasks to successfully design safe water-retaining reservoirs for hydroelectric power generation, flood retention, and irrigation and water supply demands. In view of climate change, especially dams and reservoirs, among other water infrastructure, will and have to play an even more important role than in the past as part of necessary mitigation and adaptation measures to satisfy vital needs in water supply, renewable energy and food worldwide as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. This book deals with the major hydraulic aspects of dam engineering considering recent developments in research and construction, namely overflow, conveyance and dissipations structures of spillways, river diversion facilities during construction, bottom and low-level outlets as well as intake structures. Furthermore, the book covers reservoir sedimentation, impulse waves and dambreak waves, which are relevant topics in view of sustainable and safe operation of reservoirs. The book is richly illustrated with photographs, highlighting the various appurtenant structures of dams addressed in the book chapters, as well as figures and diagrams showing important relations among the governing parameters of a certain phenomenon. An extensive literature review along with an updated bibliography complete this book.

Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis, Second Edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing. Enhanced to include today's newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient analysis, this reference gives engineers the full spectrum of information needed to run unconventional field developments. Covering key aspects, including fracture clean-up, expanded material on refracturing, and a discussion on economic analysis in unconventional reservoirs, this book keeps today's petroleum engineers updated on the critical aspects of unconventional activity.

Dams are planned, constructed, and operated to meet human needs - generation of energy, irrigated agricultural production, flood control, public and industrial supply, supply of drinking water, and various other purposes. Dams impound water in reservoirs during times of high flood that can be used for human requirements during times with inadequate natural flows. Positive impacts of dams are improved flood control, improved welfare resulting from new access to irrigation and drinking water. Without dams there would be insufficient food to feed the world's people and energy would be generated by burning fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gases. Despite this progress there remain significant concerns about the environmental impacts of dams. These environmental impacts are complex and far reaching, remote of the dam, and may occur in time with the dam construction or later and may lead to a loss of biodiversity and of productivity of natural resources. This bulletin compiles improvements in knowledge and state of the art technology to avoid or mitigate environmental impacts of dams on the natural ecosystem as well as to the people that depend upon them for their livelihood and also addresses the mitigation of environmental impacts on dams and reservoirs. Les barrages sont planifies, construits et exploites de maniere a repondre aux besoins humains. Les barrages retiennent l'eau dans les reservoirs pendant les periodes de forte crue, une eau qui peut etre utilisee pour les besoins de l'homme pendant les periodes d'insuffisance des debits naturels. Les impacts positifs de barrages sont le controle des crues et l'amelioration du bien-etre resultant du nouvel acces a l'irrigation et a l'eau potable. Sans barrages, la production alimentaire serait insuffisante pour nourrir la population du globe et l'energie serait generee en brulant des combustibles fossiles qui produisent des gaz a effet de serre. Malgre ces progres, d'importantes preoccupations subsistent quant aux retombees des barrages sur l'environnement. Les impacts environnementaux sont complexes et d'une grande portee. Ils peuvent se produire au moment de la construction du barrage ou plus tard et peuvent entrainer une perte de la biodiversite et de la productivite des ressources naturelles. Le present bulletin compile l'amelioration des connaissances et des technologies les plus recentes pour eviter ou attenuer les impacts environnementaux des barrages sur l'ecosysteme naturel ainsi que pour les personnes qui en dependent pour leur subsistance. Il aborde egalement l'attenuation des impacts environnementaux sur les barrages et les reservoirs.

This book addresses current international practices applied for dam safety assessments by looking at a portfolio of dam safety projects in various developing countries (Armenia, Georgia, Tajikistan, Mauritius, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Vietnam) spread across three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia). Safety assessment involved the review of 134 existing dams and comparison with the best international practices. A large part of dam safety assessment involves understanding of dam hazards, standards applied in the design and maintenance, as well as expectation and social circumstances under which the dams have been designed and constructed in a particular country. For example, standards for design floods, ground investigation, selection of design soil parameters and design earthquakes etc. used are often either non-existent or inadequate, which could lead to an unsafe design. If there are no standards to be applied in dam design and construction, consultants are often under pressure from clients to come up with minimalistic investigation and designs, which, after a few years after dam construction, show signs of deficiencies. Very often countries have no regulations and standards for requirements that should cover the maintenance and operation of dams. The book also describes the Portfolio Risk Assessment of Dams, which can be used as a tool by clients and the funding agencies to identify priority assessment and rehabilitation projects that consider societal and economic losses. It also demonstrates how the implementation of Emergency Preparedness Planning could significantly reduce the number of people at risk. This book aims to help clients, consultants and funding agencies which are engaged in dam safety assessment projects in developing countries to focus on issues that are based on past lessons learnt.

ICOLD Bulletin 180 presents the vast experience gained over the past 6 decades by the dam engineering community in the field of dam surveillance by means of 80 case histories. The documented case histories endeavour to cover the practical experiences related with one or several of the following points: a) Methods for the improvement of the quality and reliability of information. b) Data processing and representation techniques. c) Effective Diagnostic analyses to determine behaviour patterns. d) Dedicated surveillance systems for the optimization of maintenance, rehabilitation, and other life cycle costs. e) Impact of surveillance on preventing dam incidents and dam failure. f) Overview of dam surveillance management systems. The case histories cover a wide variety of technical aspects and deal with success stories but also incidents, some of them with catastrophic consequences. The time framework spans over 70 years: from the times of the Second World War up to the present. The purpose is to learn from these practical experiences, not to criticize the involved individuals, who had to work with the techniques and rules of practice available at the time. This bulletin wants to contribute to keep learning from the experience of the dam engineering community, specifically in the field of dam surveillance. Some of the case histories are widely known and have been described and analysed in numerous publications. Most of them are related to famous dam failure incidents and were compiled as international "benchmark case histories" for this bulletin to focus on the specific lessons learnt related with dam surveillance. Le Bulletin de la CIGB 180 presente la vaste experience acquise au cours des 6 dernieres decennies par la communaute des ingenieurs de barrages dans le domaine de la surveillance des barrages au moyen de 80 histoires de cas. Les histoires de cas documentees s'efforcent de couvrir les experiences pratiques liees a un ou plusieurs des points suivants : a) Methodes d'amelioration de la qualite et de la fiabilite de l'information. b) Techniques de traitement et de representation des donnees. c) Analyses diagnostiques efficaces pour determiner les modeles de comportement. d) Systemes de surveillance dedies pour l'optimisation de la maintenance, de la rehabilitation et des autres couts du cycle de vie. e) Impact de la surveillance sur la prevention des incidents et des ruptures de barrage. f) Apercu des systemes de gestion de la surveillance des barrages. Les histoires de cas couvrent une grande variete d'aspects techniques et traitent de reussites mais aussi d'incidents, dont certains avec des consequences catastrophiques. Le cadre temporel s'etend sur 70 ans : de l'epoque de la Seconde Guerre mondiale a nos jours. Le but est d'apprendre de ces experiences pratiques, pas de critiquer les individus impliques, qui ont du travailler avec les techniques et les regles de pratique disponibles a l'epoque. Ce bulletin veut contribuer a continuer d'apprendre de l'experience de la communaute de l'ingenierie des barrages, en particulier dans le domaine de la surveillance des barrages. Certaines des histoires de cas sont largement connues et ont ete decrites et analysees dans de nombreuses publications. La plupart d'entre eux sont lies a des incidents de rupture de barrages celebres et ont ete compiles en tant qu'" histoires de cas de reference " internationales pour ce bulletin afin de se concentrer sur les lecons specifiques apprises liees a la surveillance des barrages.

Quantitative Methods in Reservoir Engineering, Second Edition, brings together the critical aspects of the industry to create more accurate models and better financial forecasts for oil and gas assets. Updated to cover more practical applications related to intelligent infill drilling, optimized well pattern arrangement, water flooding with modern wells, and multiphase flow, this new edition helps reservoir engineers better lay the mathematical foundations for analytical or semi-analytical methods in today's more difficult reservoir engineering applications. Authored by a worldwide expert on computational flow modeling, this reference integrates current mathematical methods to aid in understanding more complex well systems and ultimately guides the engineer to choose the most profitable well path. The book delivers a valuable tool that will keep reservoir engineers up-to-speed in this fast-paced sector of the oil and gas market.

The present Bulletin presents a complete response from the 'Technical Committee of ICOLD on Dams and Water Transfer (CDWT)' to the Terms of Reference. It starts with related global information, brings out related efforts made in countries with completely differing climate, economy, population distribution etc. about present status within and between river basins & countries - both surplus and or deficit, while recognizing the crucial role played by dams in water transfer to needy regions. It then enumerates guidelines followed in considering various options, while identifying geographical issues, limited by political territories & legal issues like water treaties. Essentially then, it dwells on possible need, potential and problems in water transfers that must be handled to overcome B/C issues faced by needy countries. In order to assist concerned professionals, the Bulletin finally elaborates on objections raised by different stake-holders in the subject and provides answers generated globally. The on-going debate world-over about WRD versus environmental impacts is then dealt with to help Member-countries overcome various issues. Le present Bulletin presente une reponse complete du " Comite Technique sur les barrages et les transferts d'eau ". Il commence par des informations mondiales, fait ressortir les efforts deployes dans des pays au climat, a l'economie, a la repartition de la population, etc. completement differents sur l'etat actuel au sein et entre les bassins fluviaux et les pays - a la fois excedentaire et / ou deficitaire, tout en reconnaissant le role crucial joue par les barrages dans le transfert d'eau vers les regions necessiteuses. Il enumere ensuite les lignes directrices suivies pour considerer diverses options, tout en identifiant les problemes geographiques, limites par les territoires politiques et les questions juridiques comme les traites sur l'eau. Essentiellement, il s'attarde donc sur les besoins, le potentiel et les problemes possibles des transferts d'eau qui doivent etre traites pour surmonter les problemes auxquels sont confrontes les pays dans le besoin. Afin d'aider les professionnels concernes, le Bulletin elabore enfin les objections soulevees par les differents acteurs du sujet et apporte des reponses generees globalement. Le debat en cours dans le monde entier par rapport aux impacts environnementaux est ensuite traite pour aider les pays membres a surmonter divers problemes.

As reservoir sedimentation has proven to be a serious problem in South Africa, research in this field has been ongoing for more than 70 years. This publication emanates from extensive research which has been undertaken over the past 30 years with the support of the South African Department of Water and Sanitation as well as the South African Water Research Commission. A great deal of information has fortunately also been obtained from China. Given the universal nature of hydraulic formulae it is not surprising, yet gratifying, that Chinese and South African data generally conform to the same mathematical relationships. This indicates that these relationships should be applicable in other countries as well. Much of the information contained here has been condensed from a more comprehensive publication. This ICOLD Bulletin follows on Bulletin 115 "Dealing with reservoir sedimentation", which gave guidelines for management of reservoirs to limit sedimentation. The guidelines on mathematical modelling of sediment transport dynamics in reservoirs in this document can be used during the planning and design of new dams, as well as for the management of existing dams. Comme la sedimentation dans les reservoirs s'est averee etre un probleme serieux en Afrique du Sud, la recherche dans ce domaine est en cours depuis plus de 70 ans. Cette publication emane de la recherche etendue qui a ete menee au cours des 30 dernieres annees avec l'appui du ministere sud-africain de l'eau et de l'assainissement, ainsi que de la commission sud-africaine de recherche sur l'eau. Un grand nombre d'informations ont egalement ete obtenues de la part de la Chine. Etant donne le caractere universel de formules hydrauliques, il n'est pas surprenant, mais tres gratifiant, que les donnees chinoises et sud-africaines se conforment generalement aux memes relations mathematiques. Ceci indique que ces relations devraient etre applicables dans d'autres pays egalement. Une grande partie de l'information contenue ici a ete condensee a partir d'une publication plus complete. Ce bulletin CIGB fait suite au bulletin 115 "Traite sur la sedimentation dans les reservoirs", qui a donne des directives pour la gestion des reservoirs en vue de limiter la sedimentation. Les directives sur la modelisation mathematique de la dynamique de transport des sediments dans les reservoirs de ce present document peuvent etre utilisees lors de la planification et la conception de nouveaux barrages et pour la gestion des barrages existants.