History of the British West Indies (1954) examines the history of the islands of the Caribbean from their first discovery, through the periods of colonisation and slavery, and up to the beginnings of their status as independent nations. The actions of other nations are studied, as well as the British, as the various colonial powers vied for possession of these valuable possessions. Terrible cruelty was inflicted by colonial masters to the indigenous inhabitants, the slaves and indentured labour, and the worst of these are recorded in separate appendices.

The Yoruba-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (1894) is an important work of in-depth research into one of the principal indigenous communities of West Africa. The territory of the Yoruba peoples extends over the southern parts of western Nigeria and eastern Dahomey, and this book examines their religion, customs, laws and language, and contains an extensive appendix comparing the Tshi (Oji), Gã, Ewe and Yoruba languages.

A History of the Georgian People (1971) begins with an account of the early history and ethnographic background of Georgia, and goes on to cover the country’s political history from 1000 to 1800 and Russian conquest. There are chapters on the social history of the country, with much interesting information on the feudal system, religion, justice and the slave trade. The final, illustrated section, discusses the art and literature of the Georgians.

History of the Conquest of Peru (1959) contains a detailed analysis of the political, religious and social organisation of the Incas prior to the arrival of the Spanish colonisers, and then moves on to look at the story of the conquest and subjugation of the Incan Empire, the largest in South America.

Race, Power and Social Segmentation in Colonial Society (1987) studies Guyanese society after slavery and specifically examines the area of social classes and ethnic groups. It also focuses on the theoretical issues in the debate on pluralism versus stratification and provides a detailed interdisciplinary analysis of the process of structural change in a composite colonial society over a significantly long historical period – over half a century.

This book demonstrates how a focus on children’s rights can help practitioners to safeguard children during humanitarian crisis. Child Rights in Humanitarian Crisis focuses on understanding and advancing child rights through practical applications of a child rights perspective in crisis response. The book establishes that with accessible, child-friendly participatory means, crisis response can improve from a child rights perspective and even advance children’s rights whilst also supporting and furthering the development of a child’s agency. The volume presents the reader with a clear focus on children from a range of backgrounds, including those most marginalised, such as children with disabilities. Drawing on expertise from the field as well as academia, and providing practical examples which link case studies to legal policies in recent and protracted humanitarian responses, such as in Turkey and at the Lithuania–Belarus border, this book is a treasure trove of advice from some of the humanitarian and development sector’s most experienced professionals. Combining insights from both research and practice, this book will be an essential read for humanitarian students and practitioners.

This book presents an in-depth analysis of how UN Human Rights institutions and mechanisms have addressed environmental protection, sustainable development and climate change. Despite the increasing involvement of UN human rights bodies in addressing environmental degradation and climate change, a systematic review of the convergence between human rights and the environment in these bodies has not been carried out. Filing this lacuna, this book surveys the resolutions, general comments, concluding observations, decisions on individual communications and press releases. It identifies principles that have emerged, explores the ways in which human rights Charter-based and treaty-based institutions are interpreting environmental principles and examines how they contribute to the emerging field of human rights and environment. Given the disproportionate effect that polluting activities have on marginalized and vulnerable groups, Atapattu also discusses how these human rights mechanisms have addressed the impact on women, children, indigenous peoples, people with disabilities and racial minorities. Written by a world-renowned expert on human rights and the environment, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars researching and teaching in this important field of study.

The British West Indies (1960) examines the islands and two mainland colonies of the West Indies as they approached self-government. They exemplified in miniature almost all of the problems of emergent self-government in a colonial milieu with a multi-racial population. This study looks at West Indian politics and colonial government, as well as the issue of West Indian migration and its causes.

First published in 1992, Assessing the Demographic Impact of Development Projects based on studies in developing countries focuses on conceptual, methodological and policy issues related to development projects. It considers whether demographic effects can be assessed and why development planners should be interested in such an assessment. A.S. Oberai examines the extent to which economic and social changes generated by specific development interventions have influenced demographic behaviour in a particular context. He suggests how desired effects can be enhanced and undesired effects minimized by policy makers and planners in developing countries in order to deal with problems of population growth and its distribution. The major shortcomings of existing methodologies are identified, and the author indicates the future direction which research might take in order to be more scientifically valid and useful to policy makers. This book is a must read for scholars and researchers of development studies, political economy and labour economy.

Enterprises located in rural regions face various challenges in the globalised and digitised world. This book offers comprehensive answers to the question of what makes up the rural enterprise economy in the contemporary business world. It addresses the competitiveness and viability, strategic management and strategic change, and marketing issues for both incumbent and start-up companies in rural regions. The book presents new concepts that shed light on the rural enterprise economy with its entrepreneurs. With a broad range of cases from European regions, the book provides theoretical insights for scholars, practical case-based evidence for lecturers and teachers, and practical knowledge for business practitioners and planning specialists. Academic experts from European universities and research institutes provide compelling answers to this under-researched topic in business studies and economics.

This book explores food provisioning in Colombia by examining the role and impact of the agrarian negotiations which took place in the aftermath of the 2013-2014 national strikes. Most of the research in the field of agrarian studies in Colombia has focused on inequalities in land distribution, the impacts of violent conflict, and most recently, the first phase of the peace agreement implementation. This book links and complements these literatures by critically engaging with an original framework that uncovers the conflicts and politics of food provisioning: who produces what and where, and with what socio-economic effects. This analytical lens is used to explain the re-emergence of national agrarian movements, their contestation of the dominant development narratives and their engagement in discussions about food sovereignty with the state. The analysis incorporates a wide range of voices from high-level government representatives and leaders from national agrarian movements. Their narratives of food provisioning and the broader role of the food industry are reviewed and the key findings show an underlying conflict within food provisioning based on the struggle of marginalised smallholders to develop alternative agri-food systems that can be included in the local and domestic food markets in the context of a state dominated by an export and import approach. Overall, the book argues that the battle ground of agrarian conflicts has moved to the fi eld of food provisioning and using this approach has the potential to reframe the debate about the future of food and agriculture in Colombia and beyond. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and agriculture, rural development, peasant studies, and Latin American Studies.

Democracy and the Discourse on Relevance Within the Academic Profession at Makerere University is set against the backdrop of the spread of neoliberal ideas and reforms since the 1980s. While accepting that these ideas are rooted in a longer history, the authors reveal how neoliberalism has transformed the university sector and the academic profession. In particular, they focus on how understandings of what knowledge is relevant, and how this is decided, have changed.

Taken as a whole, reforms have sought to reorient universities and academics towards economic development in various ways. Shifts in how institutions and academics achieve recognition and status, combined with the flow of public funds away from the universities and the increasing privatisation of educational services, are steadily downgrading the value of public higher education. As research universities adopt user- and market-oriented operating models, and prioritise the demands of the corporate sector in their research agendas, the sale of intellectual property is increasingly becoming a primary criterion for determining the relevance of academic knowledge. All these changes have largely succeeded in transforming the discourse around the role of the academic profession in society.

In this context, Makerere University in Uganda has been lauded as having successfully achieved transformation. However, far from highlighting the allegedly positive outcomes of this reform, this book provides worrying insights into the dissolution of Uganda’s academic culture.

Drawing on interviews with over ninety academics at Makerere University, from deans to doctoral students, the authors provide first-hand accounts of the pressures and problems the reforms have created. Disempowered, overworked and under-resourced, many academics are forced to take on consultancy work to make ends meet. The evidence presented here stands in stark in contrast to the successes claimed by the university. However, as the authors also show, local resistance to the neoliberal model is rising, as academics begin to collaborate to regain control over what knowledge is considered relevant, and wrestle with deepening democracy.

The authors’ careful exposé of how neoliberalism devalues academic knowledge, and the urgency of countering this trend, makes Democracy and the Discourse on Relevance Within the Academic Profession at Makerere University highly relevant for anyone working in higher education or involved in shaping policy for this sector.

It is useful to highlight how we rely on historical research on the potential of technology in order to problematize and make sense of the prominent role of technology in the UN's framework for sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals. The book follows an interdisciplinary approach wherein the contributors come from the disciplines of computer science, law, philosophy, political science, economy, sociology, amongst others.

It is useful to highlight how we rely on historical research on the potential of technology in order to problematize and make sense of the prominent role of technology in the UN's framework for sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals. The book follows an interdisciplinary approach wherein the contributors come from the disciplines of computer science, law, philosophy, political science, economy, sociology, amongst others.

The book explores the pressing problem of rural violence in contemporary Nigeria by assessing the changing patterns of conflict and response across the country. Rural violence in Nigeria is becoming an increasingly pressing concern, with cattle rustling, banditry, kidnapping and farmer-herder conflicts putting immense pressure on the state’s institutional preparedness and the response capacity of the government, military and other security agencies. Drawing from the expertise of a wide range of African development, governance and security researchers and practitioners, this book assesses the severity of the current problem of rural violence, and provides a critical analysis of the various national and state responses to rural violence in Nigeria. Ultimately, the book aims to provide suggestions for restoring peace, security and development in Nigeria. This book will be of interest to scholars, researchers and administrators across Political Science, Security Studies, Rural Studies, and Regional Studies in Africa.

Digitalizing Sustainability outlines why ‘business as usual’ isn't working and sets out five Transformational Forces which can be used to innovate and scale sustainability solutions using digital means. This transformation will be powered by a range of digital technologies that have the potential to ideate, propel and scale sustainability solutions in an exponential manner over the next decade. This book introduces the Five Forces of Digital Transformation. These forces all share a common root – they are powered by digital technologies that enable them to operate at the speed and scale that we need to achieve global transformation for people and planet. Working together, these forces help overcome many of the barriers and pitfalls that humanity has faced in trying to achieve sustainability 2.0 and will help you tackle these questions: Why has sustainability 1.0 failed us? What are the bugs and bad code in our operating systems that we must address to have any hope of creating a sustainable civilization? What are the Five Forces of Digital Transformation that will forge a sustainable and resilient future for our people and planet? What are the core priorities going forward for coalitions of the willing to harness these forces for sustainability and resilience? Disruptive and innovative, this book provides readers with a clear path forward to a sustainable digital future. It will be of great interest to anyone interested in the adoption of digital technologies for driving solutions to global sustainability challenges.

Urban heritage, which is part of the conceptual expansion of cultural heritage, has become an extraordinarily complex notion. Any aspect of urban life and experience can become heritage and this heritage is then continuously re-interpreted and exploited as a source not only for a city's identification, but also for its cultural and economic innovation. This book provides a detailed overview of Central European urban heritage. It examines the key aspects of urban heritage - tangible/monumental, natural/landscape, world heritage/urban quarter and heritage experience/dark heritage. The 'regimes of urban heritage' approach retraces two hundred years of the development of European urban heritage to understand how it has become so significant and how it could integrate practically every area of urban existence. The novelty of the book is the interpretation of this development as a process of successive and integrating regimes, which are examined through the changing urban heritage agency and discourse. Through the examples of European cities and towns, such as Belgrade, Budapest, Gdansk, Krakow, Ljubljana, Subotica, Szentendre, Vienna, but also Edinburgh, Nordic cities and Rome, these changes reveal their inner complexities and become comparable in an interdisciplinary analysis. Further, a particular aspect of the history of these cities is revealed through the development of their own urban heritage. The book is primarily aimed at academics, researchers and postgraduate students of cultural and economic geography, cultural history, culture and heritage management, modern and contemporary history as well as urban history, planning and sociology.

This book is a narrative non-fiction, based on the patchy epistemologies of traditional small-scale fishers in India and the Indian Ocean region. It specifically explores the impact of climate change on Fish and Fishers, and the mutual entanglements in their eco-social world. Further, it critically examines the nature of climate change adaptation and its implications on small-scale fisheries. Both climate change impact and adaptation responses are examined from the situated knowledge and everyday lived experiences of Fishers. Stories of their everyday struggles from diverse eco-social worlds shape these patchy epistemologies. Further, this book through these stories unearths the transitions in governance and changing relationships between Fish, Fishers, and the rest of the eco-social world. Responding ethically to the problems of climate change, warming oceans, fish scarcity, overfishing, and pollution requires us to break away from the paradigms that locate Nature and Society as binaries and commodities. Blue justice can be achieved only if strategies aimed at adaptation, conservation and well-being are dialogical, inclusive, and Fish-Fisher centred. This book offers insights into the worldviews of Fishers and their stewardship, wisdom, and experience in healing today’s warming world. Locating the eco-social worlds of Fish and Fishers in alternative worldviews, this book strives to find meaningful pathways for just transitions. It will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the field of climate change, fisheries, disaster studies, and sustainable livelihoods as well as related subjects of social work and social justice.

Financializations of Development brings together cutting-edge perspectives on socio-political, socio-historical and institutional analyses of the evolving multiple and intertwined financialization processes of developmental institutions, programs and policies. In recent years, the development landscape has seen a radical transformation in the partaking actors, which have moved beyond just multilateral or bilateral public development banks and aid agencies. The issue of financing for sustainable development is now at the top of the agenda for multilateral development actors. Increasingly, development institutions aim to include private actors and to lever in private money to support development projects. Drawing on case studies conducted in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America, this book examines the ways in which these private finance actors are enrolled and associated with the conception and implementation of development policies. Beginning with a focus on global actors and private foundations, this book considers the ways in which development funding is raised, managed and distributed, as well as debates at the center of global forums where financialized policies and solutions for development are conceived or discussed. The book assembles empirical research on development programs and demonstrates the social consequences of the financializations of development to the people on the ground. Highlighting the plurality of processes and outcomes of modern-day relations, tools, actors and practices in financing development around the world, this book is key reading for advanced students, researchers and practitioners in all areas of finance, development and sustainability.

Hundreds of millions of tenants live in Third World cities. In many cities, they constitute the majority of households. Despite the numerical importance of this segment of the population, there exists only limited information on who these people are and their living conditions. Information is even more limited on those who provide rental accommodation.
"Landlord and Tenant" is the first book written in English to discuss rental housing in the developing world, particularly in Latin America. The book summarizes and analyzes current knowledge about rental housing in Latin America, and compares this information with the situation in other areas of the developing world.
The authors use survey data and in-depth interviews to compile a detailed portrayal of landlords and tenants in Mexico. They explore the reasons that landlords invest, or fail to invest, in rental housing and the reasons that tenants move into rental housing and into peripheral self-help ownership. The relationship between landlords and tenants is examined, with an explanation of how the state intervenes in that relationship. "Landlord" "and Tenant" also reviews Mexican housing policy, with its clear bias towards increasing home ownership, and explores ways of improving the quality and stock of rental accommodation.

Retailing in the Third World occurs in a wide range of contexts. In some places it is literally a matter of life and death--concerned with the distribution of the most basic foodstuffs. Elsewhere it is at the forefront of economic development.
This volume explores some of the factors which explain the variety of retail structures and modes of consumer behavior that characterize retailing in developing countries. Geographical variations are seen to be the product of cultural forces as well as economic ones; the interface between culture and consumer behaviour is shown to be as potent a force within retailing as structural changes in distribution channels and retail outlets. Analysis of retail environments in developing countries points to the need for a dynamic framework capable of capturing the interaction between world economic influences and social and economic formations specific to particular places. Containing a broad cross-section of case studies, the volume aims to be both international and interdisciplinary and will appeal to anyone with an interest in retailing and marketing in developing countries.

This book argues that society must rethink the notion of formal employment and instead introduce and spread the notion of "meaningful work" so that societies can become independent of economic growth. The excessive consumption of natural resources and the immense emissions resulting from our growth-oriented economic system surpass the planetary boundaries. Despite this, society and the economy still strive for economic growth in order to generate jobs, to finance the social security system and to assure tax income. However, these expectations are increasingly unrealistic, not least because technological developments such as digitalisation and robotisation will change and limit formal employment opportunities as well. Against this backdrop, the book introduces the notion of meaningful activities that embrace various kinds of work, paid and unpaid, sequential or in parallel, which are meaningful for the worker as well as society as a whole. At the same time, the authors argue in favour of reduced working time in formal employment. Furthermore, the book also describes the necessary transformations in companies and for consumers, for social and tax systems, for social services and agriculture. Innovative and timely, this book will be a key resource for professionals and scholars interested in sustainability, economics, work, transformation and post-growth studies.

This volume considers current and future challenges for nature law and policy in Europe. Following the Fitness Check evaluation of the Birds and Habitats Directives, in 2017 the EU adopted an Action Plan for nature, people and the economy to rapidly improve the Directives' implementation and accelerate progress towards the EU's biodiversity targets for 2020. More recently, the EU has adopted a Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and proposed an EU Nature Restoration Law. This book makes a timely contribution by examining the current state of play in light of recent and historical developments, as well as the post-2020 nature law and policy landscape. While evidence suggests that Natura 2000 and the Habitats and Birds Directives have delivered conservation benefits for wildlife in Europe, biodiversity loss continues apace. The book reviews the requirements for an effective international nature conservation system, with reference to the Birds and Habitats Directives. It examines regulatory regimes, current legal issues in the fields of site protection and species protection, the protection of areas outside Natura 2000, recent developments in the EU and the UK, including the implications of Brexit, agriculture and nature conservation, litigation, science and access to justice. Written by leading experts in the field, from a range of stakeholder groups, the volume draws on diverse experiences as well as providing interdisciplinary perspectives. This volume will be essential reading for students and scholars interested in European environmental policy and law, including lawyers, ecologists, environmental scientists, political scientists, natural resource managers, and planners. It will also be of interest to conservation practitioners, policy-makers and NGOs.

This book explores interdisciplinary perspectives on socioecological challenges and offers innovative solutions at both a European and global level. This book critically reflects on the latest scientific knowledge regarding the increasing instability of the Earth System caused by human activities during the Anthropocene and the Great Acceleration. It focuses on the global and European challenges regarding climate, resources, bio-integrity, and environment. The authors assess the obstacles to overcoming these challenges and examine the risks posed by path dependencies, lock-ins, and trade-offs between global and regional goals. They also drill down into the complexities of the European Green Deal, specifically the similarities and differences between the scientific analyses and recommendations from the European Environment Agency and the content of the Deal. Finally, the book looks at the Just Transition put forward by the European Green Deal. The authors discuss this in a context of global and European ecological and socioecological challenges and put the question of equality, recognition, and democratization at the center. Outlining new pathways to broaden the scope of scientific collaboration between the natural and technical sciences and the social sciences and the humanities, this volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainable development, environmental policy and governance, and environmental justice.

This book studies the role of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) as an advocate for greater environmental responsibility and analyses the major achievements and outcomes of two landmark conferences – Stockholm (1972) and Rio (1992) – which set the agenda for the future role of the UNEP. It discusses the UNEP’s evolution, objectives and the problems of differing perspectives within, its ability to deal with environmental challenges, its skill in successfully carrying out the mandate and contributing to the pursuit of environmental security. The book also looks at five developing countries of South Asia, namely India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, to study the role of the South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP), which plays an active role in the management of environmental issues and constitutes an important landmark in regional cooperation in South Asia. The author evaluates the contributions of National Conservation Strategies not only in creating environmental awareness but also in strengthening environmental governance architecture by integrating Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals into the development planning of these South Asian countries under study. Drawing on in-depth research and interviews, this book will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers, policymakers and strategic analysts working in the fields of environment studies, sustainable development, environmental science and policy, environmental law and governance, geography, politics and international affairs.