The contributions in this volume cover methods for removal of particle contaminants on surfaces. Several of these methods are well established and have been employed in industrial applications for a long time. However, the ever- higher demand for removal of smaller particles on newer substrate materials is driving continuous development of the established cleaning methods and alternative innovative methods for particle removal. This book provides information on the latest developments in this topic area.

Feature: Comprehensive coverage of innovations in surface contamination and cleaning

Benefit: One-stop series where a wide range of readers will be sure to find a solution to their cleaning problem, saving the time involved in consulting a range of disparate sources.

Feature: Written by established experts in the contamination and cleaning field

Benefit: Provides an authoritative resource

Feature: Each chapter is a comprehensive review of the state of the art.

Benefit: Can be relied on to provide insight, clarity and real expertise on up-to-the-minute innovations.

Feature: Case studies included

Benefit: Case studies help the reader see theory applied to the solution of real-world practical cleaning and contamination problems.

Halogenated-Organic Con- taining Waste

KEY FEATURES:
Assists scientists, engineers and researchers in the development of a new high performance lubricant.
An essential review of the state of knowledge in tribochemistry.
The first book published related to tribochemistry oils
DESCRIPTION:
This latest title takes a new and unconventional look at engine oil as a micellar system. It is the first book of its kind to focus on the tribochemistry of oils and is thus an essential resource to practicing scientists and engineers in the petroleum industry and to all interested in the development of a superior high performance lubricant.
Guaranteeing its broad appeal the book gives an invaluable review of the state of knowledge in the rapidly growing area of tribochemistry. The concept of miscelles is clearly explained along their application to stimulate the quality of engine oil, improve fuel efficiency and maintain adequate wear protection formulation. This represents a fresh approach to the formation of anti-wear tribofilms. A new look at engine design trends is given further assisting engineers in the development of a superior lubricant"

Cryogenic Technology and Applications describes the need for smaller cryo-coolers as a result of the advances in the miniaturization of electrical and optical devices and the need for cooling and conducting efficiency. Cryogenic technology deals with materials at low temperatures and the physics of their behavior at these temps. The book demonstrates the ongoing new applications being discovered for cryo-cooled electrical and optical sensors and devices, with particular emphasis on high-end commercial applications in medical and scientific fields as well as in the aerospace and military industries.
This book summarizes the important aspects of cryogenic technology critical to the design and development of refrigerators, cryo-coolers, and micro-coolers needed by various commercial, industrial, space and military systems. Cryogenic cooling plays an important role in unmanned aerial vehicle systems, infrared search and track sensors, missile warning receivers, satellite tracking systems, and a host of other commercial and military systems.
* Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology
* Includes the latest information on micro-coolers for military and space applications
* Offers detailed information on high-capacity cryogenic refrigerator systems used in applications such as food storage, high-power microwave and laser sensors, medical diagnostics, and infrared detectors

As a result of the increased focus on modern compact machinery in industry, wear in lubricated contacts and the problems of running in, and scuffing has become the most important form of wear.Despite this trend, until now information on lubricated wear has been scattered across a wide number of journals, emphasizing only one aspect of the wear process. This new book is a unique resource, consolidating all the available information into one place. In doing this Sethuramiah, contributes significantly to the development of knowledge in the field, by highlighting knowledge gaps for future research. More immediate improvements in practice have been clearly identified with well-argued methodologies with which the present level of knowledge can be improved. This book will therefore prove an essential resource for all engineers and scientists with an interest in lubricated wear.

The surface characterizations of engineering materials effects their scratch/abrasion/Mar resistance, coating adhesion/strength, and abrasive wear mechanism.
Scratching of Materials and Applications has chapters devoted to direct industrial application and contains some of the important works that are being conducted. Scratch testing of materials has grown extensively since the earlier days of the Mohs Scale for ranking minerals according to their relative scratch resistance. This test has been used on metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers and coatings of various types and thicknesses.
The chapters are grouped according to the type of the engineering materials used. The beginning chapters relate mostly to bulk polymers, which are followed by different types of coatings (hard wear resistant to the diamond-like carbon coatings) and finally, chapters on the application of scratching technique to metals and ceramics are included at the end of the book. Thus, the book covers a fairly wide spectrum of engineering materials which are useful to engineers and researchers.
* Balances theoretical science with practical application
* Demonstrates real-life applications within industry
* Written experts in the fields of materials, tribology and surface mechanics

Damage from noise exposure of sufficient intensity and duration is well established and hearing loss may be temporary or permanent. Fortunately, noise exposure can be controlled and technology exists to reduce the hazards. Aside from employer/employee concern with the inherent hazards of noise, added attention has been brought to focus on the subject through regulatory requirements. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) every employer is legally responsible for providing a workplace free of hazards such as excessive noise. It has been estimated that 14 million U.S. workers are exposed to hazardous noise.

This book is presented as an overview summary for employers, workers, and supervisors interested in workplace noise and its control. We believe that in order to understand and control noise it is not necessary to be highly technical. Noise problems can quite often be solved by the people who are directly affected. Presented are an overview of noise; the regulations concerning its control; an explanation of specific principles and a discussion of some particular techniques.

This book is an overview of ESIS Technical Committee 4's activities since the mid-1980s. A wide range of tests is described and the numerous authors is a reflection of the wide and enthusiastic support we have had.
With the establishment of the Technical Committee 4, two major areas were identified as appropriate for the activity. Firstly there was an urgent need for standard, fracture mechanics based, test methods to be designed for polymers and composites. A good deal of academic work had been done, but the usefulness to industry was limited by the lack of agreed standards. Secondly there was a perceived need to explore the use of such data in the design of plastic parts. Some modest efforts were made in early meetings to explore this, but little progress was made. In contrast things moved along briskly in the standards work and this has dominated the activity for the last fourteen years. The design issue remains a future goal.

Part I is a supplement to the EMSL Cincinnati publication "Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples" and was prepared to revise and place in the Environmental Montioring Management Council (EMMC) format certain spectrochemical methods used for metals.

Part II, the EMSL-Cincinnati publication "Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples" was prepared as the continuation of an initiative to gather together a compendium of standardized laboratory analytical methods.

"Stability of NonLinear Shells" is a compilation of the author's work on analyzing the behaviour of spherical caps and related shell structures under various (axisymmetric) load systems. Differing from other texts on shells of revolution, it is one of the first attempts to deal with effects of multi-parameter load systems. This extension leads to the discovery of some new, hitherto unknown phenomena exhibited by these structures. In addition, the book presents a novel way to characterize properties of solutions of the governing equations for spherical caps - a classification anchored in a theory called reciprocal systems. The author has introduced a deformation map, a projection of multi-dimensional solutions to two-dimensional graphs, to enable analysts to gain insight into the physical meaning of the results obtained.
Numerous examples illustrate the concepts introduced. This book also comes to grips with many misconceptions existing in engineering literature about the question of the stability of solutions.

There are numerous engineering applications for high-speed rotating structures which rotate about their symmetric axes. For example, free-flight sub-munition projectiles rotate at high speeds in order to achieve an aerodynamically-stable flight.
This is the first book of its kind to provide a comprehensive and systematic description of rotating shell dynamics. It not only provides the basic derivation of the dynamic governing equations for rotating shells, but documents benchmark results for free vibration, critical speed and parametric resonance. It is written in a simple and clear manner making it accessible both the expert and graduate student.
.The first monograph to provide a detailed description of rotating shell dynamics
.Dynamic problems such as free vibration and dynamic stability are examined in detail, for basic shells of revolutions

Compiles information on materials-handling equipment and techniques that have been implemented throughout the US and Europe. Summarizes the types of debris, material and contaminants found at Superfund and other hazardous waste sites and the equipment and general procedures used to perform site remediation, restoration and/or cleanup.

The second supplement to the comprehensive series Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics covers advances in multiphase flow.

Small-scale gas turbines, known as Microturbines, represent an exciting new development in gas turbine technology. They can run in size from small, human-scale machines down to micro-sized mini-machines that can barely be seen by the naked eye. They also run a great diversity of fuel types, from various types of commercial gases to waste-generated gases. This new book by industry expert Claire Soares will fully describe the various types of microturbines, their applications, and their particular requirements for installation, maintenance and repair. It will explain how a microturbine the size of a refrigerator can power an entire school, hospital or small factory, which is particularly useful for onsite, remote installations. The book will also show how microturbines can be paired with one or more fuel cells to form a hybrid energy source, or can be teamed with any source of distributed power, such as a mall hydro-turbine or a wind turbine. Moreover, the reader will learn how microturbines can run on a variety of fuels that are far cruder than those required by most standard gas turbines; they can be made to run, for instance, using gas from a landfill or biomass source. The reader will find detailed information on costs, specifications, and maintenance and repair guidelines. Ample references and resources will provide the reader with tools for finding manufacturers and product specifications for their own particular needs.

.Covers major categories of microturbines, including factors common to their design, installation, operation, optimization, maintenance, and repair
.Invaluable guidance on market factors and economics affecting microturbines and their applications, particularly for distributed power generation
.Provides current case studies showing microturbines used in hybrid systems with fuel cells and other types of power generation systems"

Written from the practitioner's perspective, this book is designed as a companion for engineers who are working in the field and faced with various problems related to pressure vessels and stacks, such as: modification, retrofitting existing pressure vessels or stacks to either enhance process capability, lift, move or replace damaged equipment. This makes the book a valuable guide for new engineers who need to develop a feel for these types of operations or more experienced engineers who wish to acquire more useful tips, this handy manual provides the readers with rules of thumbs and tips to mitigate or remediate problems which can occur on a daily bases.
Because of their size, complexity, or hazardous contents, pressure vessels and stacks require the highest level of expertise in determining their fitness for service after these operations. Care must be taken in installation / removal of the vessel to avoid damage to the shell. Damage to the shell can result in catastrophic failure and possible injury to personnel. The book will cover topics such as: lifting and tailing devices; an overview of rigging equipment; safety consideration; inspection and repair tips; methods to avoid dynamic resonance in pressure vessels and stacks; wind loads and how to apply them for various applications and assessment guidelines for column internals, tables and pressure vessel calculations, and code formulas.
The examples in the book are actual field applications based on 40+ years of experience from various parts of the world and are written from a view to enhance field operations. In many parts of the world, often in remote locations, these methods were applied to repair pressure vessels and stacks. These problems will still continue to happen, so there is a need to know how to address them. This book is to present assessments and techniques and methods for the repair of pressure vessels and stacks for field applications. Also the book is to be a repair manual for easy use for mechanical engineers, civil-structural engineers, plant operators, maintenance engineers, plant engineers and inspectors, materials specialists, consultants, and academicians.

Lifting and tailing devices
An overview of rigging equipment
Inspection and repair tips
Guidelines for column internals
Tables and pressure vessel calculations, and code formulas.

This volume has been prepared for the Environmental and Health & Safety Manager. The EH&S manager is a new breed of corporate professionals that are faced with the responsibility of handling both environmental policy/issues and occupational safety issues within organizations. Throughout the 1980s there was a proliferation of health and safety departments, environmental compliance personnel, and technical people associated with handling pollution control and waste management. American industry has been over the last several years contracting and downsizing their operations. In doing so, many corporations, large and small, are demanding greater responsibilities be delegated to middle and line function management. In this regard, many corporations today are moving towards a single management entity, the EH&S manager, who's responsibilities require extensive knowledge of both the environmental statutes and OSHA standards.

This desk reference has been written as a compliance source for the EH&S manager. The authors prefer to call the EH&S manager an Occupational Safety Professional and use this designation interchangeably throughout the text. This individual, as stated above, has a dual responsibility that requires both technical and managerial skills in two arenas. In this regard, this book provides the working professional a reference on both the environmental regulations and industry safety standards. Additionally, it covers management practices for on-site hazard materials handling operations and constitutes an important reference for establishing hazard communication and training programs for employees.

Here is a convenient, concise reference book for pump users, application engineers, technicians, and buyers. It contains, in condensed form, valuable information on selecting centrifugal and positive-displacement pumps for given applications, creating the necessary documentation, choosing equipment manufacturers, and checking vendor data. You will find a complete explanation of the types of pumps and the terms and parameters used in pump applications. This book outlines the data required by the client, engineer, and buyer to obtain a comprehensive quote.

Describes international technologies for controlling NOx emissions, primarily from coal combustion. Over 115 control systems are documented with, as available, system descriptions, process applications, pollution reduction capability, system diagram, supplier/manufacturer.

The purpose of this book is to provide a base of information and analysis to assist in implementation of the policy of reducing and/or minimizing hazardous waste generation in manufacturing and more specifically in the process industries. What is the significance of reducing the generation of all process wastes? This book examines the technical nature of waste reduction and the extent to which waste reduction can likely be implemented. Also explored is the extent to which technology itself as well as information and re-sources are a barrier to waste reduction. In what ways are waste reduction decisions dependent on specific circumstances? Can the amount of feasible waste reduction be estimated?

Auditing of manufacturing and unit operations and processes are particularly significant and useful in the chemical process industries (food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fertilizer, petrochemicals, etc.) since it is estimated that these industries account for more than half of the hazardous wastes generated. This book presents a compilation of complete information on potential sources of waste loss or generation through technical inspection. Also presented are calculation methods for determining air-waste-solid wastes material balances, informational requirements and waste reduction analysis.

The reader should find the book useful in the areas of auditing and waste minimization. It is replete with useful information as well as specific case histories which should make it a practical tool for the user.

This handbook is concerned with response methods to isolate and mitigate hazards related to the releases of floating hazardous chemicals. The main thrust of the work is concerned with spills capable of emitting flammable and/or toxic vapors. Decision-making processes are outline, and methods of organizing experienced personnel, equipment and pertinent data are discussed.

Interest in studying the phenomena of convective heat and mass transfer between an ambient fluid and a body which is immersed in it stems both from fundamental considerations, such as the development of better insights into the nature of the underlying physical processes which take place, and from practical considerations, such as the fact that these idealised configurations serve as a launching pad for
modelling the analogous transfer processes in more realistic physical systems. Such idealised geometries also provide a test ground for checking the validity of theoretical
analyses. Consequently, an immense research effort has been expended in exploring and understanding the convective heat and mass transfer processes between a fluid and submerged objects of various shapes. Among several geometries which have received considerable attention are plates, circular and elliptical cylinders, and spheres, although much information is also available for some other bodies, such as
corrugated surfaces or bodies of relatively complicated shapes.
The book is a unified progress report which captures the spirit of the work in progress in boundary-layer heat transfer research and also identifies potential difficulties and areas for further study. In addition, this work provides new material on convective heat and mass transfer, as well as a fresh look at basic methods in heat transfer. Extensive references are included in order to stimulate further studies of the problems considered. A state-of-the-art picture of boundary-layer heat transfer today is presented by listing and commenting also upon the most recent successful efforts and identifying the needs for further research.

During the past ten years, state and federal regulations affecting hazardous air pollutants have produced an escalating dilemma for industrial facilities. While struggling to remain competitive and in compliance with environmental regulations, industry faces increasing requirements and potential liabilities due to emissions of hazardous air pollutants. Many states began establishing regulations governing the emissions of hazardous air pollutants after the 1984 accidental release of methyl isocyanate in Bophal, India. After thirteen years of extended debate, the U.S. Congress passed significant amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990. These various regulations require industrial facilities to evaluate, control, monitor, permit and assess risk for a variety of listed chemicals considered hazardous air pollutants.

Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments provides for the permitting and control of sources emitting as little as ten tons per year of one of 189 federally listed hazardous air pollutants. In addition, sources emitting lesser quantities of 100 of these 189 hazardous air pollutants have to develop risk management plans to prevent accidental releases. This requirement is very similar to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulation for protecting workers from accidental releases. Approximately ten other federal regulations also deal with emissions of hazardous pollutants. In addition, state regulations address up to 460 hazardous air pollutants. Deadlines for establishing compliance with the federal requirements, are currently being implemented for some industry categories and are scheduled to be completed by 2003.

To effectively respond to this myriadof hazardous air pollutant regulations and maintain a viable business, owners and operators of industrial facilities need to understand: the pollutants that are regulated as hazardous, applicable state and federal requirements, sources of hazardous air pollutants, the quantification of hazardous air pollutant emissions, potential risks and liabilities, and the best means to establish a compliance program.

This book provides a review of the regulatory requirements affecting sources of hazardous air pollutants, the methods for inventorying and measuring emissions, methods for evaluating potential risks and liabilities due to hazardous air pollutant emissions, and approaches available to reduce emissions and establish a hazardous air pollutant compliance program.

Primarily this book describes the thermodynamics of gas turbine cycles. The search for high gas turbine efficiency has produced many variations on the simple "open circuit" plant, involving the use of heat exchangers, reheating and intercooling, water and steam injection, cogeneration and combined cycle plants. These are described fully in the text.

A review of recent proposals for a number of novel gas turbine cycles is also included. In the past few years work has been directed towards developing gas turbines which produce less carbon dioxide, or plants from which the CO2 can be disposed of; the implications of a carbon tax on electricity pricing are considered.

In presenting this wide survey of gas turbine cycles for power generation the author calls on both his academic experience (at Cambridge and Liverpool Universities, the Gas Turbine Laboratory at MIT and Penn State University) and his industrial work (primarily with Rolls Royce, plc.) The book will be essential reading for final year and masters students in mechanical engineering, and for practising engineers.

This book summarizes information about indoor air quality and ventilation in both new and existing commercial buildings. The quality of indoor air is dependent on the complex interaction between sources of indoor pollutants, environmental factors within buildings such as temperature and humidity, the removal of air pollutants by air cleaning devices, and the removal and dilution of pollutants from inside air by ventilation. The book addresses specific pollutants in the second section.

Data on over 1300 water treatment chemicals, applications, and services. Product information may include product category, company name, trade name, product number and description, and properties and characteristics.