This collection of essays celebrates the life and work of Peter Birks, who was Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Oxford, and Fellow of All Souls College. Widely known as one of the most prolific legal scholars for over twenty years, his contribution to English obligations law is legendary. He was Founder of the Clarendon Law Lectures, editor of the Clarendon Law Series, editor of the Oxford English Law Series, and author of several works on the English law of restitution, comparative restitution, and unjust enrichment. This works in this volume cover the English law of unjust enrichment and restitution, comparative perspectives on unjust enrichment and restitution, Roman law, and legal history, reflecting the range on Peter Birks' work and influence. As one of the most distinguished academic lawyers of his generation Peter Birks' contribution to legal scholarship grew to be recognised as one of the most outstanding by a British jurist in the second half of the twentieth century. This collection attempts to acknowledge and pay tribute to Peter Birks' work.

This engaging introduction explores the key principles of equity and trusts law and offers students effective learning features. By covering the essentials of each topic, it ensures students have the foundations for success. The law is made relevant to current practice through chapters that define and explain key legal principles, and examples and exercises set the law in context and make the subject interesting and dynamic by showing how these rules apply in real life. Key facts sections and summaries help students remember the crucial points of each topic and practical exercises offer students the opportunity to apply the law. This updated edition offers added features, in particular comprehensive lists of further reading and also a glossary of key terms. Every chapter has been updated and new case law has been added. Exploring clearly and concisely the subject's key principles, this should be every equity student's first port of call.

"Edward Burn is the doyen of property and trust lawyers in this country. His masterly texts on land law and equity and trusts have formed the minds of generations of lawyers. Judges, professors and practising lawyers all depend on Burn's crystalline analyses to make sense of the law. In this festschrift, appellate judges, academic lawyers and practitioners, including many of the leading property and equity experts of England, have joined to celebrate Edward Burn's career as a searching writer and brilliant teacher. The essays in the volume cover a wide terrain of topics including: the rationality of English land law; the nature of proprietary estoppel; the essential attributes of trusts and how they can be exported to Civilian systems; the nature of joint trustee liability; the relationship between restitution and equity; the relationship of fiduciary law to trusts; the standard of care in nuisance; the duty of care in will drafting; and form and substance in tax, lease and mortgage law. The book will interest practising lawyers and academics concerned with property, trusts and equity, and commercial law."

Despite the common belief that they are found only in the common law tradition, trusts have long been known in mixed jurisdictions even where they have a civilian law of property. Trusts have now been introduced by legislation in a number of civilian jurisdictions, such as France and China. Other recent developments include the reception of foreign trusts through private international law in Italy and Switzerland and the inclusion of a chapter on trusts in Europe's Draft Common Frame of Reference. As a result, there is a growing interest in the ways in which the trust can be accommodated in civil law systems. This collection explores this question, as well as general issues such as the juridical nature of the trust, the role and qualifications of the trustee and particular developments in specific jurisdictions.

The English law of contribution and reimbursement is essentially concerned with any situation where two parties must both pay a debt to a third party, compensate him for harm that he has suffered at their hands, or restore an enrichment which they have unjustly gained at his expense. These situations give rise to questions of how the parties' common liability should be shared and how their relationships with the third party, and with one another, should be adjusted so as to ensure that they each pay their proper share. This book is based on the rules of English law which determine the answers to these questions.

The reception of the trust in civil law jurisdictions has generated considerable conceptual debate internationally and in East Asia. In Trust Law in Asian Civil Law Jurisdictions, the authors: * Provide a detailed comparative examination of trust laws in Asian civil law jurisdictions from both operational and theoretical perspectives * Discuss the reception of the trust laws in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China and the challenges facing them * Engage in in-depth comparative inquiries as to how these Asian legal systems resolve questions pertaining to the trust * Evaluate the distinctive features of Asian trusts and how they are moulded to suit the civilian legal frameworks within which they are situated. The analysis intersects with the Trento trust project in Europe, but also differs from it by providing valuable perspectives of the 'Asian' approaches to trust researchers in Asia and the Anglophone world at large.

This book seeks to provide an extensive analysis of the equitable doctrine of marshalling in the way that it applies to secured debt. There is detailed and systematic reference to the application of marshalling in the United Kingdom, in particular the conditions that must be satisfied before marshalling will assist a secured creditor and the limitations imposed on its effective operation. There is also substantial comparative material with extensive analysis of Commonwealth law and selected US authorities. This book will appeal equally to those specialists working in equity, banking and finance law and to commercial lawyers more generally.

Trager unselbstandiger Stiftungen uben eine treuhanderische Tatigkeit aus. Sie handeln daher grundsatzlich interessenskonfliktgeneigt, ohne dass dies derzeit von der Finanzaufsicht adressiert wird. Die Arbeit nimmt zunachst die rechtliche Einordnung des Stiftungsgeschafts in den Blick, bewertete deren Einordnung insbesondere als Treuhandverhaltnis oder Auflagenschenkung und wendet diese Einordnung auf die Erscheinungsformen der unselbstandigen Stiftung in der Praxis an. Im zweiten Teil untersucht die Arbeit, unter welchen Voraussetzungen die Tager unselbstandiger Stiftungen nach Massgabe des Kapitalanlagegesetzbuchs oder des Kreditwesengesetzes unter die staatliche Finanzaufsicht fallen. Dabei setzt sich die Arbeit insbesondere mit der gegenwartigen Verwaltungspraxis kritisch auseinander.

This book presents a comprehensive legal and constitutional study of emergency powers from a comparative common law perspective. It is one of very few comparative studies on three jurisdictions and arguably the first one to explore in detail various emergency powers, statutory and common law, constitutional and statutory law, martial law and military acting-in-aid of civil authority, wartime and peacetime invocations, and several related and vital themes like judicial review of emergency powers (existence, scope and degree). The three jurisdictions compared here are: the pure implied common law model (employed by the UK), implied constitutional model (employed by the USA) and the explicit constitutional model (employed by India). The book's content has important implications, as these three jurisdictions collectively cover the largest population within the common law world, and also provide maximum representative diversity. The book covers the various positions on external emergencies as opposed to internal emergencies, economic/financial emergencies, and emergent inroads being made into state autonomy by the central or federal governments, through use of powers like Article 356 of the Indian Constitution. By providing a detailed examination of the law and practice of emergency powers, the book shares a wealth of valuable insights. Specific sub-chapters address questions like - what is the true meaning of 'martial law'; who can invoke 'martial law'; when can it be invoked and suspended; what happens when the military is called in to aid civilian authorities; can martial law be deemed to exist or coexist when this happens; what are the limits on state powers when an economic emergency is declared; and, above all, can, and if so, when and how should courts judicially review emergency powers? These and several other questions are asked and answered in this study. Though several checks and constraints have been devised regarding the scope and extent of 'emergency powers,' these powers are still prone to misuse, as all vast powers are. A study of the legal propositions on this subject, especially from a comparative perspective, is valuable for any body politic that aspires to practice democracy, while also allowing constitutionally controlled aberrations to protect that democracy.

This book consolidates several different perspectives on antitrust law. First, Keith Hylton presents a detailed description of the law as it has developed through numerous judicial opinions. Second, he presents detailed economic critiques of the judicial opinions, drawing heavily from law and economics journals. Third, he integrates a jurisprudential perspective that views antitrust as a vibrant field of common law. This last perspective leads him to address issues of certainty, stability, and predictability in antitrust law, and to examine the pressures shaping its evolution.

This book consolidates several different perspectives on antitrust law. First, Keith Hylton presents a detailed description of the law as it has developed through numerous judicial opinions. Second, he presents detailed economic critiques of the judicial opinions, drawing heavily from law and economics journals. Third, he integrates a jurisprudential perspective that views antitrust as a vibrant field of common law. This last perspective leads him to address issues of certainty, stability, and predictability in antitrust law, and to examine the pressures shaping its evolution.

This is the first attempt to deal with trusts on a comparative law basis. The book examines more than thirty countries, and submits a unified theory of trusts. The effects of the Hague Convention of 1985 are discussed, as well as its implementation in ratifying civil law countries, where it is now possible to form trusts under a foreign law. Academics will find this book a novel approach to the English-model trust, and practitioners will find it gives a wealth of information on foreign legal systems.

In International Taxation of Trust Income, Mark Brabazon establishes the study of international taxation of trust income as a globally coherent subject. Covering the international tax settings of Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and the US, and their taxation of grantors/settlors, beneficiaries, trusts, and trust distributions, the book identifies a set of principles and corresponding tax settings that countries may apply to cross-border income derived by, through, or from a trust. It also identifies international mismatches between tax settings and purely domestic design irregularities that cause anomalous double- or non-taxation, and proposes an approach to tax design that recognises the policy functions (including anti-avoidance) of particular rules, the relative priority of different tax claims, the fiscal sovereignty of each country, and the respective roles of national laws and tax treaties. Finally, the book includes consideration of BEPS reforms, including the transparent entity clause of the OECD Model Tax Treaty.

In a subject heavily reliant on the specifics of case law, Cases & Materials on Equity & Trusts provides an essential reference source for students. The tenth edition contains a diverse range of relevant and interesting cases, statutory material, academic writing, and official proposals for law reform. Where appropriate, legal materials are accompanied by non-legal literary texts with a view to making legal points more interesting and memorable. Gary Watt continues to combine the highly-regarded, rigorous scholarship and student-focused approach established through previous editions in his expertly-selected choice of materials and commentary. Utilizing key features as tools to assist students' learning and revision, including questions, suggestions for further reading, and notes, Gary Watt threads the broad spectrum of equity case law together with his unique flair, making it an engaging and insightful companion to a course in trusts. Online Resource Centre The tenth edition is supported by an Online Resource Centre, offering: - Suggested answers to questions in the book - Video lectures presented by Gary Watt, introducing key areas of debate within the subject - General guidance on answering essay questions - General guidance on answering problem scenarios - Flashcard glossary of key legal terms - Updates to the law post-publication - Web links to useful websites

The doctrine of sham is one that pervades the common law. This book will be the first cross-disciplinary analysis of all aspects of the sham doctrine, from its history and development to its varied practical applications. For practitioners used to working in only one area of sham, this volume allows a broader appreciation of the doctrine as it is applied in diverse legal areas, such as tenancy law, trusts, employment law and tax. These several areas are expounded by experts in their field, including both leading practitioners and distinguished scholars. Each contribution considers how key themes apply in each field, such as how the doctrine of sham is related to deceit or fraud, why the doctrine has been found to be useful and how it relates to other principles of statutory interpretation. This wide-ranging work is brought together, not only by these key themes, but by the comparative analysis of the editors, making this a substantial contribution to the understanding of the common law doctrine of sham.

A protector is a person appointed under the trust instrument given powers in relation to the administration of the trust. The modern use of protectors came about because settlors of international trusts were concerned about the risks involved in transferring their assets to trustees in distant countries. Protectors are now a common and important feature of trust structures, as used in many international financial centres. Protectors of Trusts is the ideal first port of call for anyone who needs to know about trust protectors, whether from a contentious or a non-contentious perspective and aims to provide a comprehensive treatment of the subject. Written by a leading practitioner from New Square Chambers, this title draws together the law of protectors which, like the jurisdictions of the trusts they protect, is found in cases and statutes scattered around the world. Practical in approach, this book analyses the relevant case law and statutory provisions, and provides detailed guidance on the use of protectors as well as coverage of the disputes which arise from their misuse. This work comprehensively covers the subject, with chapters on appointment and removal of protectors; powers; duties; remuneration and indemnity; liabilities; litigation by and against protectors and on enforcers of non-charitable purpose trusts.

Land ownership in India has always been a risky proposition. The hitherto unfettered power of acquisition and the refusal of the Parliament to recognize the right to own property as a fundamental one, had emboldened the state to stake claim on any land it saw fit. However, in the years 2012-2014, the Government of India embarked on an exercise to not just amend but to rewrite the law on acquisition. This process saw the radical polarization of public opinion into two sharp sides -those who saw acquisition as a necessary tool to India's development (given the absence of other mechanisms guaranteeing clear title), and those who were sharply opposed to an archaic relic that defied the rule of law. This book attempts to explain the rationale employed behind each and every provision by the then Minister and his Principle Aide who helped draft the law. The book is a firsthand account of the challenges faced and the factors that drove the decisions in regulating the State's approach to a resource that is arguably the most important in a land deficit people surplus nation.