Based on the author's PhD thesis, this volume examines the possibility of a cult of the dead among the Mycenaean civilisations. Focusing on the period 1425/1390-1190/1180 BC, and drawing largely on archaeological evidence from tholos and chamber tombs from the regions of the Argolid and Corinthia, Attica and Samalis, Boeotia and Euboea, Gallou puts her theoretical ideas about the recognition of acts of ancestor veneration into action. Highlighting certain diagnostic traits among the evidence, she assesses the presence of notions of an afterlife, respect shown for the deceased, changes to tomb design and the funerary landscape as a whole, and differentiation among the burial facilities, offerings and acts associated with the dead.

First discovered in the 19th century, the remains of a Roman settlement at the site of Kuecuek Burnaz in the eastern area of ancient Cilicia, were investigated more fully in 1991 by the Ozgen/Gates survey. This volume presents an overview of this region of ancient Cilicia from the 1st century BC to the 14th century AD, providing the background to Tobin's discussion of the architecture, ceramics and small finds recovered from the site in the 1994 and 1995 seasons. The evidence suggests that the Roman settlement was most likely founded in the 1st century BC and was thought orignally to have lain on the coast, providing an important port for goods and troops entering and leaving the region.

This piece of research, based on the author's dissertation, is where the study of historical woodlands meets botanical and ecological analysis. In using the approach based on the historical ecology of the English landscape and applying it to the Carpathian Basin, Peter Szabo presents an investigation into the woodland and forests of medieval Hungary. Although this is not a straightforward comparison between the English and Hungarian situation, Szabo does draw some parallels between the two whilst also highlighting Hungarian peculiarities. Themes such as the destruction og woodland, tree types, manage, ment of woodland and forests, coppicing, and the relationship between the Church and woodland, and the designation of Royal forests, are discussed and examples cited

This catalogue and guide to Neolithic pottery in southern Greece is geared towards those working with such material. Based on assemblages from sixteen sites, including Corinth, Nemea, Lerna and the Franchthi Cave, the catalogue and large number of illustrations trace the development of the pottery sequence through the early, middle, late and final Neolithic. Based on Bill Phelps' thesis of 1975, this present volume has taken into account much more recent scholarship and finds, although it was not possible to revise the text fully.

In this study Rae Ostman examines and contrasts Etruscan and Roman ceramic evidence from two distinct periods in Volterra to identify changes in social complexity. The first period, which covers the 3rd to 1st centuries BC, represents Volterra at its height while the second (2nd to 6th centuries AD) witnessed the city's first significant period of decline. The bulk of the study comprises a catalogue followed by analyses of techniques of pottery production, including clay and soil types, and a consideration of imported vessels. A final discussion draws conclusions about Volterra's relationships with other urban centres and the countryside during the two periods and considers how economic changes reflected changes in social complexity.

Bronzeworking was an important industry in the late Bronze Age Aegean and this thesis draws on a large database of material related to Late Minoan bronze objects, raw materials, evidence for workshops and so on. Lena Hakulin not only presents an overview of the bronzeworking industry on Late Minoan Crete but she also tackles some of the fundamental questions associated with identifying the sources used, where the skills and technology originated and how they developed, and seeks to account for changes in object types, find contexts, technology and copper sources over time. The text is short (36 pages) with much of the volume taken up by appendices presenting tables of data.

This book investigates the lives of servile dependants and their role in the large households of the elite Romans. An uneasy proximity created by the cohabitation of the two opposite status groups (aristocratic masters and slaves) brought conflicts and contradiction. In attempting a new inquiry into such historically anonymous individuals and their res publica, the domus, this present work confines itself to analysis of a particular group of inscriptions from Rome (1st/2nd centuries AD), commonly referred to as the columbaria inscriptions. The 'columbarium', a dovecote-like burial structure, was designed to accommodate a number of epitaphs and urns of ashes and became particularly popular during the Julio-Claudian period. Such a communal burial structure appears to have been shared by people with a common background, in many cases the slaves and freedmen staff of a noble family. In other words, the set of epitaphs from a given columbarium is arguably representative of the familia urbana of a certain noble family. Once the group of individuals is thus given an identity, it opens the way to systematic examination of their lives and status from multiple angles. These inscriptions, relatively unexplored until recent decades, offer researchers unique insights into otherwise anonymous people.

This study evaluates and critiques the traditionally held view that Late Bronze Age society was highly centralised on the Mycenaean palaces, especially in a political and economic sense. In seeking to test whether this is really true of the Late Helladic economy in the Argolid, Birgitta Sjoberg examines evidence for settlement patterns at Asine and the Argive Plain, economic activities and socio-economic information that can be gleaned from tombs. Her conclusion suggests that the picture of Mycenaean palaces as dominant, centralising, redistribution centres can not be confirmed for the Argolid and that a more diverse, decentralised, market-based economic system was more likely.

This dissertation focuses on the use and significance of gemstones in Greece during the Mycenaean period, drawing largely on material from sites in the Argolid, Messenia and Attica. Stamatatou's large catalogue includes information on object type, material, technique of production, provenance and context which helps to build a picture of the function and use of gemstones and their place in late Bronze Age society and belief systems.

This volume represents the papers given at a session of the 8th EAA Conference held in Thessalonike in 2002. The session was based around four themes: The links between populations of Egypt and Europe (especially Hellas) in ancient times; the impact of the advent of Alexander the Great, and the current excavations in Alexandria; the political, economic and cultural contacts between Europe, Hellas and Egypt especially during the LP, Helleno-Roman and Early Christian (Coptic) Periods; and aspects of the history of European Egyptology and those European museums holding Egyptian antiquities today. The 9 papers are: (1) The Cretans in Egypt Galina A. Belova; (2) Among the Hidden Treasures of the National Archaeological Museum in Athens: Searching for Forgotten Mummies Amanda-Alice Maravelia and Eleni Cladaki-Manoli; (3) The Egyptian Collection of the Archaeological Museum in Bologna: Past and Future Daniela Picchi; (4) Ancient Egyptian Collections in Ukrainian Museums: The Case of B.I. & V.N. Khanenko's Museum in Kiev Sergej V. Ivanov; (5) La Musique Copte Ashraf-Alexandre Sadek; (6) Late Antique Textiles of the Benaki Museum with Bucolic and Mythological Iconography Sophia Tsourinaki; (7) Fantastic Discoveries in Archaeology: The Case of the Tomb of Alexander the Great Harry E. Tzalas; (8) Egypt and the Great Silk Road Tatjana A. Sherkova; (9) The Ancient Egyptian Roots of the Phoenix Myth: On the History of the Problem Helena G. Tolmatcheva.

At the heart of this study of Carausius (286-93) lies an illustrated catalogue of his significant bronze coinage, incorporating recent, important hoard discoveries. The production and supply of this coinage is then investigated in order to throw light on the usurper's control of the First British Empire'. Alongside the evidence of the coins themselves, Hugh Williams examines archaeological evidence from late 3rd-century Britain, highlighting the significance of sites where the coins were minted or discovered. Williams concludes that the presence of Carausius' coinage in certain military and civilian sites indicates heightened activity and migrations of civilian populations. These were clearly dangerous times.

This Oxford-centric' book explores the history of classical reception by focusing on objects in the Ashmolean Museum and assessing the development of classical art studies at Oxford University. The seven papers are based on a series of lectures given at the University in 2003 to complement the Master of Studies in Classical Archaeology course. Contents: The study of art at Oxford befroe 1955 (Donna Kurtz); An introduction to the reception of classical art (Donna Kurtz); Nudity in art (John Boardman); Medals and the reception of antiquity (Henry Kim); Renaissance istoriato maiolica (Kate Nichols); The reception of classsical art - neoclassical gems (Gertrud Seidmann); The Sackler Library (Robert Adam). Fully illustrated throughout with some of Oxford's treasures.

This volume charts the changing human-animal relationship at one particular location, Dudley Castle, West Midlands, over several centuries. The temporal span considered (the 11th-18th centuries) is, arguably, one of the most formative in the evolving relationship between humans and animals. The period was one of profound economic, social and demographic change, witnessing not only the evolution of modern breeds of domestic animals, but also a change in the way animals were perceived and treated. In this study, the animal bones recovered from archaeological excavations at Dudley Castle have been integrated with historical documentation to provide a basis from which to explore these issues. Site-specific questions, as well as broader trends within the social and economic landscape of the medieval and post-medieval periods in England are considered. This study also attempts to explore dietary patterns on site, and the way in which the acquisition and consumption of food was used in the negotiation of social relationships.

This book provides an account of the archaeology of medieval monastic houses throughout Great Britain and Ireland. The application of a wide range of archaeological techniques, allied to historical investigation, has awakened interest in monasteries. Important new sources of information have transformed knowledge of monastic life. As well as discussing many of the advances made by research over the last two decades, innovative methods of archaeological investigation are described, and examples of good practice in the preservation of sites and their interpretation to visitors are provided. Suggestions for further research, examples of outstanding monastic sites to visit, a glossary of terms, a comprehensive bibliography and an index are also included.

It has long been assumed that England lay outside the Western European tradition of castle-building until after the Norman Conquest of 1066. It is now becoming apparent that Anglo-Saxon lords had been constructing free-standing towers at their residences all across England over the course of the tenth and eleventh centuries. Initially these towers were exclusively of timber, and quite modest in their scale, although only a handful are known from archaeological excavation. There followed the so-called 'tower-nave' churches, towers with only a tiny chapel located inside, which appear to have had a dual function as buildings of elite worship and symbols of secular power and authority. For the first time, this book gathers together the evidence for these remarkable buildings, many of which still stand incorporated into the fabric of Norman and later parish churches and castles. It traces their origin in monasteries, where kings and bishops drew upon Continental European practice to construct centrally-planned, tower-like chapels for private worship and burial, and to mark gates and important entrances, particularly within the context of the tenth-century Monastic Reform. Adopted by the secular aristocracy to adorn their own manorial sites, it argues that many of the known examples would have provided strategic advantage as watchtowers over roads, rivers and beacon-systems, and have acted as focal points for the mustering of troops. The tower-nave form persisted into early Norman England, where it may have influenced a variety of high-status building types, such as episcopal chapels and monastic belltowers, and even the keeps and gatehouses of the earliest stone castles. The aim of this book is to finally establish the tower-nave as an important Anglo-Saxon building type, and to explore the social, architectural, and landscape contexts in which they operated.

A reprint with updated material of the authorAEs 1991 research into villas and farms and rural economy in the Late Roman era (Britain, Gaul, Italy, Spain and Gallia Belgica in the 3rd to 5th centuries AD). The volume challenges the assumption that the period studied was one of dramatic decline, and analyses the archaeological evidence in a wide-ranging survey."

This substantial volume presents the proceedings of the LRCW I, the first international conference on Roman pottery other than tablewares held in Barcelona in 2002. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that studies of terra sigillata alone are not sufficient for reconstructing trade patterns in the Mediterranean and the food tastes of the empire. Arranged geographically the 48 papers examine evidence from the Iberian peninsula, the western Mediterranean islands, Gaule, Italy and the central Mediterranean islands, Africa, the eastern Adriatic and the eastern Mediterranean. A number of approaches are adopted, comprising archaeological papers, studies of transportation, trade and supply, and archaeometric analysis of fabrics. Papers in English, Spanish, Italian, French and German.

Recent major excavations in the Palatine East of Rome uncovered fragments from some 2,100 African cookware vessels which dated from c.AD 270-550. Although cooking pots are often overlooked in favour of finer tablewares, this study stresses the importance of the humble cooking pot as one of the most important inventions in the history of technology'. African cooking pots also reveal much about late Roman trade. Ikaheimo discusses the framework of the excavations, the fabrics of the vessels, most of which hailed from Tunisia, their varied forms, their production, place of origin and their distribution. Includes an illustrated catalogue of fabrics and 91 forms.

This study is part of a long tradition of antiquarian interest in the Roman town of Spoleto. Alessia Morigi examines what remains of the Roman town, heavily built-up in the subsequent medieval and early modern period, with a large part of this study given over to Spoleto's Roman monuments and architecture, its urban layout, walls, sewers and public buildings. Other sections discuss the written and epigraphic evidence relating to the town, and Morigi reviews the history of investigations at Spoleto. A large colour plan locates the major sites and excavated areas within the town, colour coded by period from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD. Italian text.

Subsistence practices are frequently argued to have been important factors in the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition, although all too often very little systematic research has provided any empirical data on which to base such arguments. The research on which this volume is based analysed archaeobotanical evidence retrieved from five sites in Macedonia and Thrace covering the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age period. Valamoti aims to provide a better understanding of the nature of settlements, settlement expansion and the development of hierarchies during this period through the interrogation of plant remains. In so doing, she provides valuable insights into aspects of land use, plant exploitation (wild versus cultivated), husbandry methods, seasonality, grazing patterns, animal feeding and so on and is able to make some preliminary arguments for the role of agricultural practices in socio-economic organisation and settlement patterns, leading the way for future research.

This fascicle is the thirteenth in the series of Level One publications of the excavations at Franchthi Cave and is the third and final installment of the report on the site s chipped stone industries. The objective of Catherine Perles s study is to make sense of the chronology of the site in its economic, technological, and typological dimensions. All phases of the Neolithic are represented at Franchthi Cave. Rich with more than 3,000 reconstructed pieces, this study offers a representative and technical typology that is unequaled today. The first part of the analysis offers diagnostic elements to facilitate comparisons between the lithic sequence and surface dating and is more descriptive than interpretive. The second part is dedicated to a step-by-step analysis of the Franchthi material in a well-defined chrono-stratigraphical framework. The third and most interpretive portion of the study addresses itself more specifically to those who are interested in the socio-economic organizational problems of Neolithic societies.

Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece Thomas W. Jacobsen, editor, with Karen D. Vitelli"

Al Mina, at the mouth of the Orontes, some 75 km SW of Chatal Huyuk, has long dominated Greek-Levantine discussions in the Geometric Period (c. 1000-700 BC); the site was the first to reveal an abundance of Greek pottery generally, and still is the findspot of the greatest quantity of Greek Geometric pottery in the Levant - about 1500 sherds. In this volume, the author undertakes an analysis and review of this 'Greek emporion', taking as her main topics for discussion - Al Mina as a 'port of trade', the evidence for Greek residence on the site, Greek geometric pottery in the Levant, and Geometric pottery in Greek-Levantine trade.

Before/After explores various aspects related to transformation and change in the Roman and Late Antique world through the archaeological and historical evidence. The seven chapters of the volume range from the evolution of settlement patterns to spatial re-configuration after abandonment processes. Geographically the volume aims to cover - through case studies - the enlarged Roman world from Spain, to Cyprus, from the Rhine area borderland to the Red Sea. The book is the result of a workshop organized as part of the Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, held in Rome during March 2016.

The Poseidonian chora encompasses the plain South of the Sele River, which formed the ancient boundary between the Greek lands and the Etruscan territory to the North, East to the Alburnus Mountains and South to the Punta Licosa. The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the relationship between the Greek settlers of Poseidonia, founded at the turn of the sixth century BC in the Sele Plain (in modern Campania), and the Italic peoples indigenous in the plain. The Greek city flourished from its foundation until about 400 BC when it came under the control of Lucanians from the nearby Apennines. Recent attention has focused on its three well-preserved temples, the rich cemeteries, and the sanctuaries outside the walls. This present study examines the hypothesis that not only was the relationship cordial during the 200-year tenure of the Greeks, but that the indigenous groups actually collaborated in the founding of the city.

Based on archaeological survey material as well as textual evidence, Cynthia Kosso studies the effects of Late Roman imperialism and colonialism in Achaia, Greece. She argues that socio-economic measures imposed on Achaia in Late Antiquity by the government at Constantinople were designed to encourage and protect' the small landholder and ensure a stable and dependable revenue. From studying evidence relating to the application of these policies, such as an increase in the number of rural settlements, greater investment in agriculture and an increase in legislation relating to land and taxes, Kosso shows how imperial policies were geared towards manking more efficient use of the land in the long term.