Our eye movements in response to visual stimuli reveal much about how we experience the world. Focusing on the latest developments in the multidisciplinary field of eye tracking research, this volume ranges across a wide spectrum of research applications, with four sections covering the plethora of practical uses to which our expanding knowledge can be put. They offer abundant evidence that eye tracking research and its methodologies offer new ways of collecting data, framing research questions, and thinking about how we view our world. As a result, we are discovering more about how the visual system works, as well as how it interacts with attention, cognition, and behaviour. Current Trends in Eye Tracking Research presents the work of more than 50 researchers and academics, showcasing groundbreaking studies and innovative ways of applying eye tracking technologies to interesting research problems. The book covers the current output of a number of pioneering research laboratories, detailing their work on eye tracking and the visual system, alignment and EEG data, marketing and social applications, and eye tracking in education. Featuring creative uses of existing technology as well as inventive implementation of new technology in a range of research contexts and disciplines, this new publication is compelling proof of the growing importance of this exciting and fast-moving area of scientific endeavor.

"The Recursive Mind" challenges the commonly held notion that language is what makes us uniquely human. In this compelling book, Michael Corballis argues that what distinguishes us in the animal kingdom is our capacity for recursion: the ability to embed our thoughts within other thoughts. "I think, therefore I am," is an example of recursive thought, because the thinker has inserted himself into his thought. Recursion enables us to conceive of our own minds and the minds of others. It also gives us the power of mental "time travel"--the ability to insert past experiences, or imagined future ones, into present consciousness.

Drawing on neuroscience, psychology, animal behavior, anthropology, and archaeology, Corballis demonstrates how these recursive structures led to the emergence of language and speech, which ultimately enabled us to share our thoughts, plan with others, and reshape our environment to better reflect our creative imaginations. He shows how the recursive mind was critical to survival in the harsh conditions of the Pleistocene epoch, and how it evolved to foster social cohesion. He traces how language itself adapted to recursive thinking, first through manual gestures, then later, with the emergence of "Homo sapiens," vocally. Toolmaking and manufacture arose, and the application of recursive principles to these activities in turn led to the complexities of human civilization, the extinction of fellow large-brained hominins like the Neandertals, and our species' supremacy over the physical world.

This volume consists of an important collection of papers presented at the Seminar on Language, Evolution, and the Brain (SLEB), hosted by the International Institute for Advanced Studies in Kyoto, Japan, bringing together distinguished researchers with background in cognitive science, anthropology, linguistics, robotics, physics, etc. Major topics discussed here include: creoles and pidgins, and their implications regarding language evolution; quantitative analysis and modeling of various aspects of language evolution, including the evolution of lexical items and color terms, the emergence of linguistics categories, and the dynamics of language competition; the evolution of the human brain, and how that relates to language evolution; the evolution and the role of mirror neurons in both humans and non-humans; and, evidence that the influence of language on color perception (an example of the Whorf Effect) is stronger for the right visual field than the left. This volume provides a multi-faceted discussion of how language evolves and shapes the brain that may entice university students and researchers to delve into this field with more background and curiosity.

This second edition of the bestselling textbook provides up-to-date coverage of all areas of the field. As well as being fully revised and updated throughout to reflect the most recent developments in the field (including coverage of the neural theory of language paradigm and the latest cognitive semantic and constructional approaches to language and the mind), this second edition also includes: A brand new section exploring New-Horizons in Cognitive Linguistics covering advancements in the field including linguistic relativity, English language teaching and bilingualism, cognitive sociolinguistics and cognitive humanities. An innovative new chapter entitled Key Topics in Language Science exploring the 'burning questions' in language science such as the relationship between human language and non-human communication systems, whether there are language universal etc. A new chapter dedicated to Research Methods in Cognitive Linguistics exploring the range of methodologies, the research areas, data and questions and offering an evaluation of their relative merits. This will include hands on check list of the research cycle for students who seek to apply cognitive linguistics in their own research projects and dissertations. While all topics are introduced in terms accessible to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, this work is sufficiently comprehensive and detailed to serve as a reference work for scholars from linguistics and neighbouring disciplines who wish to gain a better understanding of cognitive linguistics. The book is divided into four parts and is therefore suitable for a range of different course types, both in terms of length and level, as well as in terms of focus. In addition to defining the field, the text also includes appropriate critical evaluation. Complementary and potentially competing approaches are explored both within the cognitive approach and beyond it. For example conceptual metaphor theory is compared and contrasted with conceptual blending theory in terms of methodology, assumptions, scope and phenomena.

This book attempts to bring in the perspective of situational variation in analyzing linguistic politeness, and looks at politeness in the larger framework of social context. It outlines the way into the problem of politeness in Chinese culture and the steps taken in the application of politeness strategies in verbal interaction.

"A magnum opus in the now vast domain of discourse studies, whose history, methods, and subdomains mobody knows as well as Robert de Beugrande. No other book in the humanities and social sciences today integrates such encylopedic knowledge into a thoroughly transdisciplinary, international, intercultural, and critical program. For all advanced students of discourse, this book should be their major mentor, guide, and compendium of research." -Teun A. van Dijk, University of Amsterdam and Editor of the journals Text and Discourse and Society "Professor de Beugrande has been one of the most influential scholars in text linguistics since he helped to found it as a discipline. He commands a large panorama of knowledge and brings this learning to bear on a variety of topics, giving fresh insights and new dimensions. In his latest book, he ranges over linguistic, educational, and cultural disciplines in order to synthesize an important framework within which text and discourse can be understood in new ways." -John Sinclair, Birmingham University and Editor-in-Chief of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary

Our thoughts depend on knowledge about objects, people, properties, and events. To think about where we left our keys, what we are going to make for dinner, when we last fed the dogs, and how we are going to survive our next visit with our family, we need to know something about locations, keys, cooking, dogs, survival, families, and so on. As researchers have sought to explain how our brains can store and access such general knowledge, a growing body of evidence suggests that many of our concepts are grounded in action, emotion, and perception systems. We appear to think about the world by means of the same mechanisms that we use to experience it. Yet, abstract concepts like 'democracy,' 'fermion,' 'piety,' 'truth,' and 'zero' represent a clear challenge to this idea. Given that they represent a uniquely human cognitive achievement, answering the question of how we acquire and use them is central to our ability to understand ourselves. In Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind, Guy Dove contends that abstract concepts are heterogeneous and pose three important challenges to embodied cognition. They force us to ask: How do we generalize beyond the specifics of our experience? How do we think about things that we do not experience directly? How do we adapt our thoughts to specific contexts and tasks? He further argues that a successful theory of grounding must embrace multimodal representations, hierarchical architecture, and linguistic scaffolding. Focusing on a topic that has generated a lot of recent interest, this book shows that abstract concepts are the product of an elastic mind.

This book aims to give a general overview of the current theoretical and applied models which are being developed in the field of Cognitive Linguistics. With this purpose in mind, a number of papers have been selected from some of the most representative areas in the cognitive linguistics arena: mental imagery, metaphor and metonymy, cognitive grammar and construction grammar, the pragmatic and discourse background of language use and linguistic relativism. Some of the contributions presented herein propose new ways to refine existing theoretical frameworks: others apply some of those existing theoretical proposals to specific areas; and a final group aims to provide empirical grounding to some of the theoretical assumptions found in Cognitive Linguistics.

Setting forth the state of the art, leading researchers present a survey on the fast-developing field of Connectionist Psycholinguistics: using connectionist or neural networks, which are inspired by brain architecture, to model empirical data on human language processing. Connectionist psycholinguistics has already had a substantial impact on the study of a wide range of aspects of language processing, ranging from inflectional morphology, to word recognition, to parsing and language production.

Christiansen and Chater begin with an extended tutorial overview of Connectionist Psycholinguistics which is followed by the latest research by leading figures in each area of research. The book also focuses on the implications and prospects for connectionist models of language, not just for psycholinguistics, but also for computational and linguistic perspectives on natural language. The interdisciplinary approach will be relevant for, and accessible to psychologists, cognitive scientists, linguists, philosophers, and researchers in artificial intelligence.