This convenient reference tool is designed for real estate investors who wish to maximize their tax benefits through a better understanding of real estate law. Ferguson and Spede thoroughly analyze and explain real estate tax laws, as well as the problems and advantages of purchasing, owning, and selling real estate. Specifically explained and illustrated are such issues as calculating excess investment and interest, installment selling, alternative minimum tax, investment credits, recapture of tax credits, trading properties, leases with options to buy, and the establishment of new bases for trade. In addition, the authors emphasize many of the tax traps and pitfalls encountered by investors, including accelerated depreciation, amortization of expenses, and tax write-offs. Also considered are related topics such as personal property taxes, special tax problems, the rehabilitation of historic and older commercial properties, low income housing, rental cooperatives, condominium units, and home ownership taxation. Finally, there is a discussion of tax reform, including the changes brought about by the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, as well as the possible effects of the flat tax rate proposed by the Treasury Department in January of 1985. The volume is completely cross-referenced, and includes chapter summaries, case histories, and a glossary, as well as numerous tables and illustrations.

Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research publishes high-quality research encompassing all areas of accounting including financial, auditing, taxation, managerial and information systems, addressing a broad range of issues that affect the users, preparers and assurers of accounting information. Further, this research incorporates theory from, and contributes knowledge and understanding to, applied psychology, sociology, management science, and behavioral economics.

This book, first published in 1954, analyses the history of the world's oldest accountancy body, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. Chapters cover the history of Scottish accountants from the earliest times; review the position of the practicing accountant; assess the work of the Institute; examine the position of the accountant in commerce, industry or government service; and deal with the training and examination of accountants.

This book, first published in 1986, includes primarily articles written by Church not reprinted in his books. The collection demonstrates the breadth of his work and demonstrate why he was such a renowned expert in the fields of cost accounting and management. He introduced the 'machine-hour rate' method, the production-centre concept, the 'regulative principles of management' and distribution cost-analysis. His writings spanned the fields of accounting, business, management and industrial engineering, and this book captures the essence of his work and central themes.

This book, first published in 1986, examines extracts sections from the annual reports of United States Steel Corporation over the period 1902-1968. These extracts are milestones in the history of financial reporting in the United States, and the documents are presented as they originally appeared. They capture many historical events and the company management's reaction to them.

Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations publishes both non-empirical and empirical articles dealing with accounting pedagogy. All articles explain how teaching methods or curricula/programs can be improved. Non-empirical papers are academically rigorous, and specifically discuss the institutional context of a course or program, as well as any relevant tradeoffs or policy issues. Empirical reports exhibit sound research design and execution, and develop a thorough motivation and literature review, including references from outside the accounting field, where appropriate.

As researchers reveal the increasing complexities of accounting practices in emerging economies, there is a growing need for an overview of the topic. The Routledge Companion to Accounting in Emerging Economies is a prestige work offering an introduction to current scholarship in the field, with indications of future directions for enhancing the contribution to knowledge. With regional coverage of key emerging economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China, the team of contributors analyse issues in accounting in detail, while shedding light on the role of the accounting profession in providing accountability and governance across the developing world. Each chapter is headed up by an internationally recognised author who is a leading expert in designing and implementing research approaches to the topic. Within the team of authors, some are experienced senior contributors while others are developing new avenues of exploration on the basis of high-quality doctoral study. This range of author experience has been deliberately chosen to allow the reader to envisage working in such a team while growing in confidence. This unique reference offers a comprehensive guide to advanced students, academics, practitioners and policy makers on the current state of, and potential developments in, accounting in developing economies globally. This work will be of particular interest to students and researchers looking to identify topics in emerging economies, academics and practitioners seeking convenient access to an unfamiliar area, and established researchers seeking a single repository on the current state of knowledge, current debates and relevant literature.

Financial globalization paired with the relaxation of constraints on capital flows between countries before the 2008 crisis, increased merger activities among the World's largest stock exchanges. The financial crisis of 2008 had a severe impact on the development of equity markets, corporate financial stability, and corporate governance, and a multi-step approach is needed to fully appreciate the causes and effects of this event. This book engages the separate strands of literature to advance a more holistic understanding of whether and how the national institutional environments in selected countries around the world has been changed after the crisis. Institutions and Accounting Practices after the Financial Crisis: International Perspective sets out a framework for the analysis of institutional environments and accounting practices in in selected countries around the world during the pre-crisis period, followed by an examination of the impact of the crisis. It scrutinizes the changing roles of debt and equity markets; the shift in accounting practices and capital financing choices due to the economic downturn; and the lessons that can be obtained from the financial crisis, while considering the institutional architecture of international business environments. This ongoing process of integration and globalization increases interdependence between world markets, and allows shocks to propagate across national and continental lines, making the understanding of international markets vitally important to American investors. Aimed at primarily researchers, academics and students in the fields of international accounting, management and finance, Institutions and Accounting Practices after the Financial Crisis: International Perspective will additionally be of value to practitioners and policy makers, supplying them with information regarding the changes in accounting practices and risk evaluation due to the crisis.

This book, first published in 1954, collects together the papers presented to the Sixth International Congress on Accounting. They focus on the problems of the post-war changes in the value of money, and how to deal with this in accounting statements; taxation, and the role of accountants in Government; raising and retaining capital for development; and the role of the professional accountant in the commercial field.

This book, first published in 1984, is a collection of six classic articles by the famed accountant John Whitmore. The articles, written between 1906 and 1908, provide a key analysis of standard costing and cost accounting.

This book, first published in 1984, collects together a host of valuable research papers published on accounting and auditing principles and procedures from the years 1917 to 1953. They are a key resource on the history and development of the accounting professions.

This book, first published in 1988, contains the complete account of the Seventh International Congress of Accountants in 1957. Featuring analysis of the modernisation of accounting, public accountants and internal auditing, among others, this is a valuable research book on the development of the profession.

This book, first published in 1986, collects together the papers presented at the Fifth International Congress on Accounting in 1938. Cutting edge research at the time, these analyses now form an integral part of the history of accounting.

This book, first published in 1997, analyses the development of Dutch financial reporting. A process of change in international financial reporting began in the early 1960s, and this book examines the roles of voluntary and legislated improvements on financial information disclosure.

This book, first published in 1984, is concerned mainly with papers published in various Transactions of the Chartered Accountants Students' Societies of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Many of these lectures were given by eminent accountants from throughout the UK, and soon the activities of the Societies extended beyond lectures. The financial reporting and auditing topics are the major concern of this text - they represent the one category of lectures which have a continuing and international relevance and interest.

This book, first published in 1982, gathers together a series of articles and editorials written in response to the Accounting Research Program of the early 1960s. Accounting Research Study No. 1 and No. 3 sprang from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' desire to keep up with 'economic and social changes which affect accounting' and the research studies into 'postulates' and 'principles' proved to be controversial. These articles analyse the findings and provide vital historical insight into the profession of the time, and its further development.

This book, first published in 1988, analyses the early development of the US public accounting profession. It gathers in one place writings - contemporary accounts, recollections and historical studies - that portray the early decades of the profession. It is a key book for students of the early development of the US accounting profession.

This book, first published in 1990, examines the works of Theodore Limberg and Fritz Schmidt and their contribution to the development of the case for replacement price valuations. It analyses which of Limberg's and Schmidt's contributions was the most prominent and whether either was the genesis of an evolutionary development of replacement price valuations. This analysis is apposite. History indicates we will experience further periods of inflation and accompanying debate on the serviceability of accounting proposals to incorporate the financial effects of price and price-level changes.

Underlying this book, first published in 1988, is the belief that it is insightful to examine accounting not as merely a technical process, nor as a technical process with social and political consequences, but as an activity which is both social and political in itself. One way of illuminating the social nature of accounting is through studying its cultural variations, for although accounting is a feature of modern industrial society the extent of its use varies across cultures. This book examines the history of accounting and explores the complicated relationship between accounting and society.

This book, first published in 1989, contains reprints of the early periodical on accounting, The Book-Keeper. It dealt with 'historical reviews of methods and systems in all ages and by all nations. Elucidations of accounts, introducing new and simplified features of accounting. Problems from the counting-room discussed and explained. Instructive notes upon plans and methods of book-keeping in every department of trade, commerce and industry.' The journal is a primary source for students interested in the history of accounting.

This book, first published in 1989, contains reprints of the early periodical on accounting, The Book-Keeper. It dealt with 'historical reviews of methods and systems in all ages and by all nations. Elucidations of accounts, introducing new and simplified features of accounting. Problems from the counting-room discussed and explained. Instructive notes upon plans and methods of book-keeping in every department of trade, commerce and industry.' The journal is a primary source for students interested in the history of accounting.

This book, first published in 1984, reprints the important texts The General Principles of the Science of Accounts (1901) and The Accountancy of Investment (1904) in one single volume. Charles Sprague pioneered the development of accounting theory in the United States, and his work is key in the study of the history of accounting and its development.

The articles in this book, first published in 1986, cover the developments of the first three decades of the Securities Acts, and examines appraisals of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. With the rise in interest in the evolution of regulatory policy, these principal papers are key sources in the study of the history of accounting. Written by accountants close to the Commission, these papers will be of interest to accountants in public and private practice, and all students of accounting and its government regulation.

This book, first published in 1977 and reissued in 1990, examines one of the most familiar aspects of accountancy - that of company financial reporting. Assessing the view that shareholders have little time for financial reports, this book presents the findings from a research project analysing whether or not shareholders understand financial reports; what they do and don't understand; their use of financial reports; the type of shareholders who have the most, and least, understanding and who make most, and least, use of financial reports.

This book, first published in 1993, focuses on the evolution of accounting institutions, practices and standard-setting in Canada. Canada's federal system complicates the jurisdictional authority for accounting matters. The Canadian constitution empowers the ten provinces to regulate the training and certification of accountants, and each can incorporate organizations. A great deal of effort has been made by accounting bodies on jurisdictional coordination and disputes, and this book analyses how these systems have come to function in their present form.