Capitalism is historically pervasive. Despite attempts through the centuries to suppress or control the private ownership of commercial assets, production and trade for profit has survived and, ultimately, flourished. Against this backdrop, accounting provides a fundamental insight: the 'value' of physical and intangible capital assets that are used in production is identically equal to the sum of the debt liabilities and equity capital that are used to finance those assets. In modern times, this appears as the balance sheet relationship. In determining the 'value' of items on the balance sheet, equity capital appears as a residual calculated as the difference between the 'value' of assets and liabilities. Through the centuries, the organization of capitalist activities has changed considerably, dramatically impacting the methods used to value, trade and organize equity capital. To reflect these changes, this book is divided into four parts that roughly correspond to major historical changes in equity capital organization. The first part of this book examines the rudimentary commercial ventures that characterized trading for profit from ancient times until the contributions of the medieval scholastics that affirmed the moral value of equity capital. The second part deals with the evolution of equity capital organization used in seaborne trade of the medieval and Renaissance Italian city states and in the early colonization ventures of western European powers and ends with the emergence in the market for tradeable equity capital shares during the 17th century. The third part begins with the 1719-1720 Mississippi scheme and South Sea bubbles in northern Europe and continues to cover the transition from joint stock companies to limited liability corporations with autonomous shares in England, America and France during the 19th century. This part ends with a fundamental transition in the social conception of equity capital from a concern with equity capital organization to the problem of determining value. The final part is concerned with the evolving valuation and management of equity capital from the 1920s to the present. This period includes the improvement corporate accounting for publicly traded shares engendered by the Great Depression that has facilitated the use of 'value investing' techniques and the conflicting emergence of portfolio management methods of modern Finance. Equity Capital is aimed at providing material relevant for academic presentations of equity valuation history and methods, and is targeted at researchers, academics, students and professionals alike.

This book, first published in 1941, is a comprehensive study on the native banks that linked small Chinese traders and the larger Chinese and foreign banks. It is based on extensive research in Tientsin and Peking, and a large number of interviews with native bankers, and the result is an exhaustive study on the practice.

This collection of commissioned papers from some of the world's most renowned scholars in accounting celebrates the academic achievements of Professor Bob Parker. Reflecting his contribution to the history of accountancy, the volume studies the development of accounting in an international context. Basil Yamey analyzes the interesting diversity of accounting in Europe from late medieval times to 1800. The 19th century development of the profession in the UK and Australia is examined by Tom Lee and by Edwards, Carnegie and Cauberg; Lee Parker looks at the topical area of professional conduct; Richard Morris charts the influence of England on Australia in the development of one type of corporate legal form; Bell, Peasnell, Tweedie and Whittington analyze aspects of current value accounting; Steve Zeff adds to his work on political influence on standard setting by looking at a recent US example; Gray and Roberts seek to explain patterns of foreign listing on the London Stock Exchange; finally, Segun Wallace studies the development of accounting research in the UK.

Der heutige Erkenntnisstand der Betriebswirtschaftslehre im Bereich der Industriellen Produktionswirtschaft soll mit diesem Werk vermittelt werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die systematische Behandlung technisch-wirtschaftlicher Fragestellungen unter Beachtung wesentlicher Interdependenzen zwischen der Produktion und den angrenzenden Funktionsbereichen Beschaffung, Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Absatz. Die LAsung von FA1/4hrungs- und DurchfA1/4hrungsproblemen erfolgt dabei stets aus der Perspektive des Controlling - der informationellen Sicherung ergebnisorientierter UnternehmensfA1/4hrung. Die Komplexe Grundlagen, FA1/4hrung und Organisation im Produktionsbereich, Produktwirtschaft, Programmwirtschaft, Material- und Dienstleistungswirtschaft und ProzeAwirtschaft werden behandelt.

It is essential all auditors performing Yellow Book audits understand the recently revised concepts and standards of generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS). This book provides a baseline of information for accountants to gain an understanding of the new Yellow Book (2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards). Featuring new guidance related to independence and peer review, this book will increase your knowledge of the requirements and application guidance related to: Ethics Independence Standards for financial audits Attestation engagements Performance audits Key topics covered include: Foundation and principles for the use and application of generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS) General requirements for complying with the Yellow Book Ethics, independence, and professional judgment Competence and continuing professional education Quality control and peer review Standards for financial audits Standards for attestation engagements and reviews of financial statements Fieldwork standards for performance audits Reporting standards for performance audits

First Published in 1998. The area examined in this book falls loosely under the category of 'accounting integration' where research should explain how the accounting systems in both countries are designed to integrate cost and financial accounting. The authors of this book had previously been working independently on the early development of accounting for industrial enterprises within their own countries. They claim that in order to understand modern day similarities and differences, it is necessary to understand how the current practices and systems have come into being.

First published in 1921, this book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of economics to beginners, with only the more intricate and controversial subjects - such as economic rent - being omitted for the sake of clarity. The subject is dealt with as concretely as possible with extensive descriptions and examples provided to further elucidate the subject while avoiding unnecessary technicalities. The arrangement of the material is based on the author's experience of teaching economics and postpones the more difficult elements to the end of the book in order to provide a more thorough grounding in the essentials before introducing them to the reader.

Accounting, often described as "the language of business", requires a diverse set of written, listening and oral communication skills if those who practise it are to be effective. Given the pace of change relating to, for example, the evolution of international accounting standards and the demands for greater transparency, accountants must be clear, responsive, and audience-focussed communicators. Employers of accountants consistently comment on the need for their new graduate recruits and trainees to have strong written, oral, and interpersonal communication skills. In this light, accounting educators face the challenge of designing and delivering programmes that reflect professional expectations on the part of employers and clients, and educating students on how to make informed communication choices in order to achieve desired results and to build good working relationships. The chapters in this book deal with such topics as accounting students' perceptions of oral communication skills; competence-based writing skills; and the development of listening skills. This book is derived from articles originally published in Accounting Education: an international journal.

First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book summarises the Seminar held in Edinburgh in 1994 in the five hundredth year since the publication of Luca Pacioli's Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita. Its purpose is simple but relevant to every accountant. It revisits some fundamentals that lay behind Pacioli's decision to write his Summa, and examines whether the accounting framework in which we work today has overlooked basic issues because of its continued focus on development of the existing financial accounting model. It analyses Pacioli's legacy from several different perspectives, deliberately choosing to do so in ways that addressed considerations that his work reflected, examining the nature and characteristics of the bridge between academic analysis and insight on the one hand and practical application on the other. It also looks at the dominant influences in the evolution of accountancy for managing stewardship and for reporting of that stewardship. By doing so, it attempts to identify influences that had been less pressing and so had been ignored or overlooked, and also considers how changing technology has affected the way we manage the accountancy process.

There is increasing interest in accounting issues in China. Despite a relatively short history, China's stock market is the world's second largest. This growth has been accompanied by increasing demand for accounting information alongside reforms of accounting and auditing rules, as international investors have paid increasing attention to investment opportunities in this dynamic and energetic country with a large population and economic growth potentials. Despite this, at present there are few books which offer students, academics and practitioners a comprehensive guide to current accounting issues in China. The Routledge Companion to Accounting in China fills this important gap in the literature. The volume is organized in six thematic sections which cover capital market and corporate finance, financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, taxation and internal controls. The structure is intended to reflect the increasing diversity of contemporary accounting issues in China, including a balanced overview of current knowledge, identifying issues and discussing relevant debates. This book is a prestigious reference work which offers students, academics and practitioners an introduction to current accounting issues in the emerging market of China.

Considers the theoretical and empirical implications of clean surplus, an analytic relationship used since the late 19th century to derive a method to value goodwill by discounting residual earnings. Places recent research in historical context by presenting 22 papers published or delivered between

The interrelations between accounting and food have been hitherto neglected at an international level. This regret is particularly meaningful with regards to Italy, where 'Food', besides being a physiological need to satisfy, is one of the main pillars of the 'Made in Italy' Industry, and the so-called Italian life-style, which has become a part of the popular culture. Accounting and Food seeks to explore the accounting, business and financial history of some of the most prestigious Italian food producers. Moreover, given that "Food" has been at the center of production and trade throughout the history of mankind, food production and commerce will be investigated from the critical angles of accounting, accountants and merchants. Relatedly, the interconnected history of the Food fairs and expositions of the major Italian trade centers will be also unveiled. Accounting and Food examines the role of accounting, accountants and merchants in food production and international trade (e.g., grain, wine, etc...) as well as considering the history of food producers, paying particular attention to the role played by women entrepreneurs over time. Finally the book explores the interrelations of accounting, food and state, local authorities and social institutions, in particular in so far these latter institutions were involved in the Political economy, regulation, allocation and distribution of food to populations and societies. Accounting and Food will be of particular interest to researches and scholars in the field of accounting history but also to those working in the areas of regional development, regional economics, food and sociology and other related disciplines.

This title was first published in 2003. Our cherished economic indicators of income, product, consumption and capital fail in taking a long-term view of social progress. They do not account for environmental deterioration, which impairs the quality of life of present and future generations, and hence the sustainability of development. "Greening" the conventional national (and corporate) accounts introduces environmental impacts and costs into these accounts and balances. The result is a new compass for steering the economy towards sustainability, which may change not only our main measures of economic performance but also the basic tenets of environmental and resource policies. This book presents methodological advances and case studies of environmental accounting, and discusses their use in environmental management and policies. In their introduction, the editors provide a critical perspective of historical developments and current debates.

"The Global Accounting History" four volume set aims to establish a benchmark reference source that covers the evolution of accounting, financial reporting and related institutions for all major economies in the world in a comparable way. Volume Three considers six nations from Asia and Oceania, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. The volume is informed by the knowledge of various regional specialists, who act as authors for each chapter.

This text aims to provide an in-depth review of recent historical research on the emergence and maturation of institutionalized public accountancy in Scotland from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. Individual contributions cover a range of historical studies including the original foundations and founders, the early competitive struggles with other bodies, the nature of Victorian public practice, individual successes and failures, and the gender issue.

The most comprehensive and ambitious effort I've seen to compile and discuss, in one resource, all of the issues and information about this crucial topic. Nonprofit executives, managers, legal counsel, and trustees all can benefit from this useful and informative book.
?J. David Seay, vice president, secretary, and counsel, United Hospital Fund
Bookman provides nonprofit leaders with a comprehensive examination of federal, state, and local laws affecting nonprofit organizations and recommAnds actions nonprofits can take to protect their organizations tax-exempt status.
Using case studies extensively, he explains such crucial matters as preparing for an IRS audit, reporting unrelated business income, responding to claims of unfair competition, and fighting challenges to nonprofits' property tax exemption.
Protecting Your Organization's Tax Exempt Status demonstrates how federal tax law applies to specific segments of the nonprofit sector. Discusses actual IRS audits of nonprofits, shows how nonprofits can develop positive community relations, and reviews congressional hearings on federal tax exemptions for nonprofits.

Physicians and their medical practices today face innumerable problems and challenges in analyzing current market changes in the medical field.

Do they understand and have the skills and knowledge to make advantageous decisions related to the increasingly complex situations in which they find themselves? Do they merge, oversee their office managers more closely, sign their own checks, and scrutinize accounts, or do they need a professional to come in and evaluate their practice and prepare a comprehensive financial assessment?

This Accounting Handbook for Medical Practices gives physicians a valuable, usable, and readable journey through the proper processes of financial accounting and related issues. Sample charts, accounting formulas, and informative case studies enhance each chapter.

Why Accounting and Financial Decisions Challenge Medical Practices and How to Address Them

This book tells you what inefficiencies currently cost most physicians and their medical practices. In addition to providing you with financial analysis charts, you will find in these pages:

• General rules for accounting
• Detailed outlines of financial statements
• Audit standards
• Operating expense analyses
• Special medical practice issues
• Case studies
• Cost-accounting examples
• Internal control relating to medical practices
• Tax issues

The Accounting Handbook for Medical Practices is a must-have for CPAs, accountants, physicians, physician practice management companies, hospital personnel, medical practice administrators, management consultants, and a range of others involved in related issues.

Confused by accounting? Problem solved.

"Schaum's Outline of Principles of Accounting I" helps you understand basic accounting concepts and offer extra practice on topics such as debits, credits, the chart of accounts, the ledger, inventory measurement, net realizable value, recovery of bad debts, and methods for computing interest. Coverage also includes fixed assets, depreciation and scrap value, methods of depreciation, payroll, and payroll taxes.

Establish a strong foundation in accounting fundamentals that will help you succeed in your career and business with Warren/Tayler's MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING, 16E. The latest business illustrations and current examples provide a meaningful context that demonstrates how each chapter's content fits into the "big picture." The authors clearly connect key accounting concepts to real businesses today. Each chapter begins with a real company opener that is referenced throughout the chapter. New examples and cases that highlight how to use and apply data analytics now appear in each chapter. These cases use data sets related to the chapter content while showing you how to analyze and develop reports using Excel and Tableau. In addition, updated Certified Management Accountant (CMA) exam questions prepare you for professional success, while Pathways Challenges help you hone critical-thinking skills. CNOWv2 online resources are also available with activities to reinforce mastery.

1. The Origins and Purposes of Accounting and Budgeting.

2. Accounting and Budgeting Systems in Public and Nonprofit Organizations.

3. The First two A's of Budgeting: Approval and Adoption.

4. The Third A: Allocation.

5. Making a Budgeting System Work.

6. Understanding the Language of Accounting.

7. Tracking Financial Information: Core Accounting Processes.

8. Understanding Financial Statements.

9. Integrating Accounting and Budgeting Systems for Better Managerial Control.

10. Linking Past, Present, and Future Through Adjustments.

11. Conducting Manager Audits and Analysis.

For undergraduate and graduate courses in advanced accounting. Advanced Accounting is an in -depth guide to accounting that reflects the most up- to- date business developments. This comprehensive textbook addresses practical financial reporting problems while reflecting recent business developments and changes in accounting standards. The 13th Edition offers a better teaching and learning experience by providing real-world context. Students learn how to apply key accounting concepts through studying real -world examples, such as reports from popular companies, and up- to -date coverage of businesses. Accounting students and accounting practitioners alike will find this text useful in preparing or analysing consolidated financial statements, accounting for derivative securities, and governmental and not-for-profit accounting and reporting.

The easy way to master an intermediate accounting course

Intermediate accounting courses are required for students seeking bachelor's degrees in accounting and often for degrees in finance, business administration, and management. "Intermediate Accounting For Dummies" provides you with a deeper and broader level of accounting theory, serving as an excellent course supplement and study guide to help you master the concepts of this challenging program.

With easy-to-understand explanations and realworld examples, Intermediate Accounting For Dummies covers all the topics you'll encounter in an intermediate accounting course: the conceptual framework of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), financial ratio analysis, equity accounting, investment strategies, financial statement preparation, and moreTracks to a typical intermediate accounting curriculumExpert information and real-world examplesOther titles from Loughran: "Financial Accounting For Dummies" and "Auditing For Dummies"

With the help of "Intermediate Accounting For Dummies," you'll discover the fast and easy way to take the confusion out of the complex theories and methods associated with a typical intermediate accounting course.

The importance and influence of accountancy have increased incredibly rapidly in the post-war period, although it remains an institution about which relatively little is known. Studies which incorporate insights from social and behavioural science are long overdue. The value of such analyses have been increasingly recognized within the accountancy profession in recent years as a compelling, provocative and fruitful complement to the conventional education and training process. "Sociological Perspectives on Modern Accountancy" is the first book to draw on developments in academic sociology and apply them in an accessible way for the accounting student. Written by a sociologist who is also a trained accountant, this book analyzes the structure and processes of accountancy in a entirely novel way. He considers the profession, its work roles and employment experiences, and the ideological nature of accountancy. This book should be of interest to undergraduates and postgraduates in sociology and accountancy.

The Making of Shareholder Welfare Society traces and accounts for the debates and discussions between law and economics scholars and mainstream legal scholars, management theorists, and economic sociologists. This is done in detail to demonstrate that the shareholder welfare society was built from the bottom up, beginning with theoretical propositions regarding alleged market efficiencies and leading all the way to the idea that a society characterized by economic freedom and efficiency maximization pave the way for uncompromised shareholder welfare, in turn being good for everyone. This book is of relevance for a variety of readers, including graduate students, management scholars, policy-makers, and management consultants, as well as those that are concerned about how the economic system of competitive capitalism is now in a position where it is riddled by doubts and concern, not the least as the levels of economic inequality is soaring. It addresses the topics with regard to corporate governance, accounting and society and will be of interest to researchers, academics, students, and members of the general public that are concerned about the economic system of competitive capitalism.