Originally published in 1979. An Input/output database is an information system carrying current data on the intermediate consumption of any product or service by all the specified major firms that consume it. This book begins with a survey of how the interrelationships of an economic system can be represented in a two-dimensional model which traces the output of each economic sector to all other sectors. It talks about how the use of such databases to identify major buyers and sellers can illuminate problems of economic policy at the national, regional, and corporate level and aid in analyzing factors affecting the control of inflation, energy use, transportation, and environmental pollution. The book discusses how advances in database technology, have brought to the fore such issues as the right to individual privacy, corporate secrecy, the public's right of access to stored data, and the use of such information for national planning in a free-enterprise society.

This volume examines processes by which technological change has been assimilated into capitalist workplaces since the Industrial Revolution. Contributors present theoretical propositions, drawing arguments from neo-classical, Marxist, evolutionary and transaction cost economics, the sociology of Anthony Giddens and Max Weber, and network analysis. These are coupled with historical case studies, including: the growth of the factory system during the industrial revolution in Britain; the German chemical industry and German family firms before World War I; the American automobile industry in the inter-war period; agricultural labour in the American South after World War II; and the recent relationship between US medical specialists and hospitals.

This book presents an in-depth study of organizational change and innovation in one of the UK's leading retail leisure companies. Based on a remarkably deep level of access, the authors provide a fascinating longitudinal study of the management process in action - both the formal, 'on stage' aspects of strategic change and the informal, political behaviour of those involved. Subjects covered include: * the changing contexts of the public house business * from management to managing * change processes and politics * control and empowerment * gender and public house management. Work, Change and Competition will be essential reading for students of organizational change, as well as all readers interested in the changing nature of management/managing and organizations.

This book presents an in-depth study of organizational change and innovation in one of the UK's leading retail leisure companies. Based on a remarkably deep level of access, the authors provide a fascinating longitudinal study of the management process in action - both the formal, 'on stage' aspects of strategic change and the informal, political behaviour of those involved.
Subjects covered include:
* the changing contexts of the public house business
* from management to managing
* change processes and politics
* control and empowerment
* gender and public house management.
Work, Change and Competition will be essential reading for students of organizational change, as well as all readers interested in the changing nature of management/managing and organizations.

This study provides a fascinating, fresh analysis of the virtues of shareholder participation in the context of contemporary corporate governance. By applying recent empirical studies to human happiness, McConvill convincingly argues that shareholders, particularly individuals, should be included in the internal governance framework of public corporations and enjoy a direct participatory role in the corporation if they so choose. Recent studies have consistently shown that active participation is one of a limited number of factors that has a positive correlation with levels of personal happiness, however while disciplines within the social sciences have long considered the implications of these findings, legal scholars have failed to grasp their significance. Shareholder Participation and the Corporation addresses the dearth of literature currently available by exploring and evaluating the implications of empirical happiness studies in relation to corporate law and governance, focusing specifically on the role of the shareholder. It provides a compelling argument for those seeking to analyze shareholder participation in a different light.

Against the backdrop of growing anti-globalisation sentiments and increasing fragmentation of the production process across countries, this book addresses how the Indonesian economy should respond and how Indonesia should shape its trade and industrial policies in this new world trade environment. The book introduces evaluation not on tariffs but on new trade instruments such as non-tariff measures (SPS, TBT, export measures and beyond border measures), and looks at industrial policies from a broader perspective such as investment, accessing inputs, labour, services, research and innovation policies.

Offering a retrospective view of how the system operated in Communist Czechoslovakia, this book is an important voice in the discussion about the systems of central planning. The unique features of the book include in-depth research comprising both archival records and analyses of around 75 interviews conducted with period managers across a wide range of management levels. They provided evidence of pervasive inefficiency resulting in appalling economic outcomes. The book begins with a background to the politico-sociological system in Czechoslovakia and proceeds to describe the Marxist-Leninist ideological foundation of the regime, which underpinned the formal setting of the Czechoslovak model. These initial chapters set the context for the subsequent analysis of the real functioning of the system. The book explores the economic outcomes that must be understood as a natural consequence of the ways in which this system operated. The author finishes by answering the important question of why centrally planned economies trailed behind the market economies. The book's unique use of the interview research format brings a vivid, close-up view of the everyday economic life in the centrally planned system. This will be a valuable contribution to the discussion surrounding the day-to-day reality of the system, which was found to be more colourful than is generally deemed. The book will appeal to both economic historians and students of economic history. A warning against repeating past mistakes, this book will also be of interest to those seeking a greater knowledge of the realities and consequences of centrally planned economies.

First published in 1999, this volume examines technology in developing countries with a focus on Vietnam. One of the world's poorest countries, Vietnam has begun rehabilitation following the Vietnam War. Tran Ngoc Ca had four aims for this study. First, exploration of the development of TC in Vietnamese industrial companies and looks at how the learning process is related to the accumulation of TC. Second to detail links between macro environment factors and micro internal actions of firms and their impact on TC. Third, addressing specific issues in comparison with other developing countries and transitional economies. Fourth and finally, to provide a background for the implementation of policy concerned with enhancing TC acquisition.

This work examines the governance of large technical systems (LTS) at firm, imdustry and state levels and the interactions between the systems and society. In particular, international contributors explore the implications of major technological, economic and social changes during the last twenty years for traditional forms of LTS governance. Their research is centred around the following themes:
* traditional forms of governance
* new regulatory challenges
* the governability of complex technologies
* conceptual issues related to the governance of inter-organizational networks

First published in 1998 this boo responds to the dynamics of Industrializing Asia and the behavioural changes of actors which, in response to changing internal and external forces, have given rise to and are constantly giving rise to alterations in patterns of growth. From a geographical perspective, these are expressed in regional change, understood as a reconstruction of spatial organization. The imperatives of dynamic comparative advantage, changing global or regional competitiveness, and regional competition, faced by different actors, entities or territorial units can be identified as important forces underlying and shaping regional change. This volume provides further illumination, contextualization and interpretation of the spatiality of the economic reality in Industrializing Asia, as well as the role played by, and the implications for, different actors. The objectives of this book are 1) to outline the processes of regional change, linked to responses in the form of restructuring and integrative and regionalization tendencies, as well as the realignment of the global-regional-local divide in production systems/complexes and the operation of firms associated with reorganization of production in the process of maintaining and reconfiguring comparative advantage; 2) to highlight the wide scope of the process by considering differential units of analysis, linked to the agents and manifestations of regional change, and the role of scale in terms of the spatial units involved; 3) to highlight the implications as to the current and future position or role of differential actors/agents (particularly nation state) in shaping the new economic reality in the region and as a corollary, its positioning in the global economic order.

Industrial consolidation, digital platforms, and changing political views have spurred debate about the interplay between public and private power in the United States and have created a bipartisan appetite for potential antitrust reform that would mark the most profound shift in US competition policy in the past half-century. While neo-Brandeisians call for a reawakening of antitrust in the form of a return to structuralism and a concomitant rejection of economic analysis founded on competitive effects, proponents of the status quo look on this state of affairs with alarm. Scrutinizing the latest evidence, Alan J. Devlin finds a middle ground. US antitrust laws warrant revision, he argues, but with far more nuance than current debates suggest. He offers a new vision of antitrust reform, achieved by refining our enforcement policies and jettisoning an unwarranted obsession with minimizing errors of economic analysis.

This book examines the internal and external implications of Israel's natural gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean. The nation's changed status from being an importer of coal and oil to that of an exporter of natural gas has consequences not only for the energy sector but also for the fragile geopolitics of the region. The book: Explores the challenges and issues of energy economics and governance; Analyses Israel's gas diplomacy with its neighbours in the Middle East and North Africa and its potential positive impact on the amelioration of the Arab-Israeli conflict; Studies how Israel can avoid the deleterious impact of the Dutch disease once the government's share of the export revenues start flowing. The author traces a consummate picture of history, politics, and conflicts that shape the economics of energy in Israel and its future trajectories. A major intervention in Middle East studies, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of energy studies, development studies, strategic studies, politics, diplomacy, and international relations. It will also be of interest to government agencies, think-tanks, and risk management firms.

First published in 1999, this volume focuses on the impact of democratic bargaining on the process of oil policy-making in Venezuela, stressing the constraints posed by politics on PVDSA's efforts to expand its foreign operations. Venezuela offers a unique case and fertile ground for the study of oil policy-making processes. In the specialised literature, very little attention has been paid to the nature and operations of multinationals from developing countries. By analysing Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PVDSA)'s international policy, this unique book explores the difficulties encountered by a major state oil enterprise in its efforts to grow beyond national borders.

First published in 1998, the objective of this book is to provide a detailed examination of steel production, consumption and trade in East Asia. Specifically, it addresses steel trade and investment environment in East Asia and forecasts steel price movement in the future. In addition, a major focus in this book is the investigation of the metals industry in China, Asia's emerging steel giant. Finally, one chapter of the book also documents the resource sector in Western Australia, one of the world's major sources of iron ore. Rapid economic growth over the past decade has significantly changed the gravity of Asia in the world economy. This trend has particularly been strengthened by the awakening giant, China, whose economy has been growing continuously at a two-digital rate since the late 1970's. Asian countries together have now consumed as much as steel as the developed economies. As a result, Asia as a region has become the key to the expansion of the global steel industry in the future.

This book analyses the financing problems of Greek small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), within a liberalized financial system and within an economic environment of fiscal and monetary constraints. Using recent data covering a ten-year period, the main aim of the research is to explain the interdependence between the situation of the banking sector generally and that of small and medium enterprises. The author argues that the reluctance of banks to lend to Greek companies because of the strict financing constraints, due to the national debt crisis, serves to exacerbate the cycle of economic recession. This factor seriously undermines the efforts of Greek companies to develop growth opportunities, and negatively affects their competitiveness as well as their ability to strengthen their market position. The author examines the supply and demand aspect of the problem: there is lower demand for lending due to the decline of demand for goods and services as well as a tightening of banks'credit standards, whilst on the supply side, the deteriorating financial situation of banks and their willingness to avoid increasing risk are important contributing factors. Finally, the author presents the main conclusions of the analyses carried out in the previous sections of the book and discusses some relevant recommendations for future research. Building on the extant literature, this book analyses the problem from the point of view of both businesses and the banking sector. The study is useful for scholars, businesses and policy decision makers who are interested in the problem of small and medium-sized enterprises financing.

What are the implications of the changing culture of the construction industry for procurement? The concepts of partnering, collaboration and mutual benefit are increasingly important and represent a positive move away from the past when disputes and their avoidance were such key issues in procurement. This book is a compilation of papers presented at the CIB W92 Symposium held in Chaing Mai, Thailand in January 1999. The volume, drawing on contributions from experts in construction contract procurement from 22 countries, addresses the issues of culture within organizations and national cultures and their impact on procurement, performance and profitability. The theme of harmony stems from the increasing interest in culture, in particular in Asian societies where harmony is seen as a key element in all phases and sectors of life. In the West, the concept of partnering has been the subject of much attention with the emphasis pointing towards harmonious and symbiotic relationships. Substantial coverage is given to private finance projects; privatized infrastructure projects; contractor selection and prequalification; decision support systems for procurement; management of design; con

Series Information:
Routledge Studies in Organizations and Networks

It is widely recognized that Britains economic growth has slowed drastically since the end of the Second World War. The 1950s are often seen as the significant decade in this respect, when a strong government could have checked economic decline in its earliest stages. However, in 1964 Labour alleged that the Conservative government had sorely failed to do just this and had led the nation through thirteen wasted years. Many commentators have agreed with this, yet until now such views have been subject to little serious empirical scrutiny. This text responds to the need for a full assessment of the Conservatives performance in this period. Drawing upon a range of archival sources, Nick Tiratsoo and Jim Tomlinson explore the different aspects of the efficiency question. Beginning with the major issue of attempts in the 1950s to Americanize British industry, the authors also discuss Conservative policy on competition, education and training, investment and research and development. This research reveals that the Conservatives were informed about each of these issues, yet shrank from effective reform. They were, rather, reduced to inertia by ideological dilemmas, internal party antagoni

Examining the UK's manufacturing sector, this book features contributions from specialists in business, management, economics, organizational behaviour and economic geography. Subjects covered include: the nature of change in the management of manufacturing organizations; the significance of manufacturing in the mature economies of the 21st century; the impact of Japanese companies and methods; the implications of de-industrialization; comparative analysis of British, Japanese and American electronics manufacturers; the regional political economy of manufacturing; the changing nature of buyer-supplier relations; and the prospects for manufacturing renewal in the UK. Detailed and topical, this book should be of interest to business students, researchers and public policy makers.

Originally published between 1994 and 2000 the volumes in this set discuss: the successful implementation of radical, technological innovations within business organizations. issues of Chinese rural-rural and rural-urban migration a number of subjects of significance for labor and economic policy, especially the role of U. S. tax policy in the relocation of jobs from the contintental USA to Puerto Rico. the impact an immigrant community in the USA has on the type and quantity of foreign goods available. the relation between technology and the exercise of sea power. problems related to investment planning, capacity additions, and choice of technology in dynamic manufacturing systems.

Economic restructuring in Eastern Europe has added a new universe of firms to the pool of cases for study of managerial effectiveness. Yet, in the ideologically charged atmosphere of post-communist transitions, analysis of the functioning of East European firms is sometimes clouded by preoccupation with privatization issues -- whether ownership is held by banks, a state or public agency, foreign investors, or inside or outside shareholders. This volume focuses on the performance of firms as a measure of the effectiveness of corporate governance, and only then attempts to draw conclusions about the relative advantages of different ownership structures.

This text offers a fresh perspective on the rise of large-scale companies in Victorian England, by locating their origins in political and social practice. It seeks to challenge the division between the state and the market that has informed regulatory theory and policy. Th e study is divided into three sections, each on a different facet of "joint-stock politics". The first section surveys the East India Company and the Bank of England, two political institutions which needed to adjust to tendencies in the 19th century to view companies as more properly part of the market. The second aprt locates England's early joint-stock banks in the voluntarist and regionalist political culture of the 1830s, then traces their departure from these origins through the end of the century. The final section argues that Victorian railways, in shielding themselves from state intervention, neglected their public relations with creditors, customers and workers,and suffered economically as a result.

This title was first published in 2002: Why do endogenous cycles persist in Spain? Manuel Roman demonstrates a highly novel approach to the study of finance and the persistence of endogenous growth cycles, providing a balanced account of the Post Keynesian, Classical and Neo-classical political economy approaches. Finding key propositions from a representative set of heterodox cycles' models, he rigorously tests their chief claims, grounding his research in empirical data. The endogenous forces behind persistent fluctuations in the Spanish economy are also identified and explored in this theoretically rich text, the first of its kind to examine the Spanish economy in such great detail.

This title was first published in 2002: Anthony Bende-Nabende focuses on the ongoing globalization process, which has sparked an unprecedented world-wide debate. He provides a one-stop centre for a balanced coverage of the theoretical, empirical and policy issues linking globalization with foreign direct investment, regional economic integration, and economic growth and sustainable development. This stimulating book comprehensively explores the theoretical and empirical literature inter-linking the aforementioned factors from the anti-globalization activists' viewpoint, and from the pro-globalization proponents' perspective. It proposes policies that individual countries should pursue, based on the recognition that globalization generates both positive and negative effects. These comprise policies required to maximise the economic benefits globalization may generate, and those that aim to eliminate or at least minimize the negative development-oriented effects globalization may engender and, hence, to propel sustainable development. The book will be an essential guide for students, academics and those involved in international economics, environmental studies, international relations, and growth and development studies.

This title was first published in 2000: The central aim of the Common Agricultural Policy is to support the incomes of farmers, yet reliable information on the overall incomes of farmers and their households is scarce. In general, farmers in the EU are not a low-income or poor sector of society and much of the present CAP income support goes to those that are relatively well-off. This book, the 3rd edition to address these issues, has been updated and expanded to include: updated coverage of statistics and references; the major changes in methodology of income measurement flowing from the 1995 revision of the European System of Accounts; a critical examination of wealth and balance sheets for the agricultural industry as currently calculated; incorporation of material from Japan and countries in Central and Eastern Europe that are candidates for EU membership.