Originally published in 1987 this book presents a comprehensive survey of the global natural gas industry: it looks at the problems of supply, the pattern of demand, the economics of the industrya nd how the industry in the 1980s was being affected by changes in other energy sectors. As a key commodity in the world economy the supply of natural gas is increasingly affecting and changing international relations between importer and supplier countries: the siberian natural gas pipeline which supplies Soviet gas to Western Europe is a key example of the impact of natural gas on international relations and one which is discussed in the book.

This volume, originally published in 1984, analyzes the impact of the 1973-74 oil price increases on the Appalachian coal industry in the USA, which would otherwise have suffered large output reductions as a result of sulfur emission restrictions. Although focussed on a particular geographical region and timeframe, this book has enduring relevance as it analyzes and discusses many of the issues which are still facing the ailing coal mining industries both in the USA and globally: the advent of new energy forms, increased competition from cheaper sources, strict pollution legislation and the impact that all of these issues have on productivity and employment.

The petroleum industry is highly specialised. Over the centuries, the industry has developed a large number of standard petroleum regulations, arrangements and contracts that are not necessarily familiar to all across the industry and even less to the outside world. Each regulation/arrangement/contract has its own detailed terms and provisions and experts in this industry tend to be focused on specific phases from such complex industry. This updated edition provides the unique combination of an encyclopaedia with commentary for the entire chain of petroleum activities. The encyclopaedia deals exclusively with upstream activities. First, it deals with all types of petroleum title with the host government (eg, concession agreements, production sharing agreements and service agreements). Second, it covers all the relevant consortium agreements between investors (eg, joint bidding agreement, joint ventures and joint operating agreements). It also deals with the relevant players in the sector varying from the international oil company to the national oil company; the relevant regulations in the sector (eg, petroleum law, fiscal terms, health, safety and environment and procurement) and the key mechanisms for raising funds in the upstream sector. Lastly, the book covers acquisition mechanisms with government authorities and private parties, and the key issues concerning governing law and dispute resolution. This new edition provides additional sections on (i) international laws and treaties with direct impact on the upstream sector, (2) anti-corruption laws and practices, (3) corporate and social responsibility, (4) oil and gas service contracts, (5) confidentiality agreement, among others. This encyclopaedia will serve as a valuable tool for lawyers, professionals in industry, consultants, academics, engineers, geologists who are interested in understanding the key legal terms and provisions of the oil and gas industry.

The book covers energy storage systems, bioenergy and hydrogen economy, grid integration of renewable energy systems, distributed generation, economic analysis, and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems. The overall approaches are interdisciplinary and comprehensive, covering economic, environmental, and grid integration issues as well as the physical and engineering aspects. Core issues discussed include mechanical, electrical, and thermal energy storage systems, batteries, fuel cells, biomass and biofuels, hydrogen economy, distributed generation, a brief presentation of microgrids, and in-depth discussions of economic analysis and methods of renewable energy systems, environmental impacts, life-cycle analysis, and energy conservation issues. With several solved examples, holistic material presentation, in-depth subject matter discussions and self-content material presentation, this textbook will appeal strongly to students and professional and nonprofessional readers who wish to understand this fascinating subject. Readers are encouraged to solve the problems and questions, which are useful ways to understand and apply the concepts and the topics included.

Energy storage is a key trend in the electricity industry across the globe, with one recent analysis predicting 942GW of storage (excluding pumped storage) will be developed by 2040. This Special Report provides an overview of the key issues in relation to the development of storage projects, including: *The main technologies *Regulatory arrangements *Revenue streams and *Contracting arrangements and covers the key policy, commercial and legal principles that underpin this developing sector.

This book offers a comprehensive yet accessible snapshot of the latest consumer research on the adoption and use of electric vehicles. It discusses the importance of developing a better understanding of consumer behavior in relation to electric vehicles, and the advantages that can be gained from the growing number of electric vehicle users, who can now be studied directly. In turn, it systematically analyzes the leading markets for electric vehicles in North America, Europe and Asia. Bringing together the experience and expertise of authoritative researchers and practicing professionals, the book shares a wide range of empirical data obtained at the national level and summarizes the general lessons learned. The last part of the book discusses policy-relevant insights, forecasts the future evolution of the field in terms of methods and data availability, and addresses several key questions that policymakers and other stakeholders are currently facing.

This book covers critical debates on policies, markets and emerging issues that shape renewable energy transition in the Asian region, which is fast becoming an epicenter of the global energy consumption. The chapters focus on domestic policies, geopolitics, technology landscape and governance structure pertaining to the development of renewable energy in different Asian countries ranging from China to the Middle East. The book presents an insightful view of the pace and magnitude of the energy transition. It presents critical steps countries are taking to promote affordable and clean energy (SDG 7) as well as strengthening climate mitigation actions (SDG 13). In addition, this book introduces the concept of co-innovation---a collaborative and iterative approach to jointly innovate, manufacture and scale up low-carbon technologies---and its role in promoting energy transition in Asia. Chapter 8 (Renewable energy deployment to stimulate energy transition in the Gulf Cooperation Council) is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Originally published in 1989. This book presents the situation regarding energy provision and policy in developing countries. It looks at Enhanced Oil Recovery, Hydropower and small energy packages suitable for rural areas including renewable energies and the various needs and systems affected such as water pumping and telecommunications. Each section is broken down into salient issues and information is provided on environmental issues, socioeconomic issues, costs and limitatioons and what is considered the state-of-the-art in each area. The final section offers a view of the application of computing technology in energy planning.

Energy, Demand and Planning brings together a group of distinguished authors from many relevant disciplines, under the auspices of the Watt Committee on Energy. The authors were asked to consider the effects of policy decisions that might be taken now on the planning of the world energy industries in the coming half-century or so. Discussion is held on such key topics as technological change, sustainable development, global warming and the effects of population growth, all of which require policy decisions at national and international levels, affecting the daily lives of people in both advanced and developing countries.

Realities of power company choices, regulatory boundaries, and stakeholder approvals. Expectations of the responsible investor, environmental advocate, and Silicon Valley companies including Google, Facebook, and Stanford University. Surprising stories show how creativity, innovation, and planning can resolve some of the toughest choices facing electric power companies today, although not in all cases. Building on the first volume, Sustainable Electricity: Case Studies from Electric Power Companies in North America (Fox, 2016. Springer), this book dives headfirst into the economic, environmental, and social tradeoffs power companies face as they strive to be sustainable. With more than 40 contributing experts, chapters include first-hand power company stories, case studies of leading Silicon Valley organizations; socially responsible investor contemplations; environmental advocacy arguments; and regulatory realities. The book provides a window into the choices companies make, the tradeoffs stakeholders accept, and the bottom line that comes with producing sustainable electricity. It will be an important resource that will accelerate collective thoughts on what 'sustainable electricity' means and what needs to be considered when the "everyone wins" outcome is elusive. "People have been able to fish, hike, camp and boat on a beautiful AEP property that supports recreational activities for many years. Now AEP has to generate income from this property. Do we build roads and drill to extract the natural gas? Do we sell the timber and keep the property? Do we sell the whole thing? What about the fish, deer and other wildlife? Tradeoffs will be made, and not everyone will like them." Tim W. Lohner, Ph.D., Environmental Specialist, American Electric Power. (Chapter 3) "Companies are demanding access to clean energy and investors are pressing companies to source 100% renewable. It is essential that utilities develop a comprehensive strategy to reduce climate impact, and clearly articulate the plan and their progress. Customers and investors want to see this progress, and utilities need to develop the right model for their particular business." John Streur, CEO, Calvert Research & Management (Chapter 4) "At Chevron, we are continually examining the tradeoffs as we work to improve our energy efficiency and reduce our environmental footprint. The complexity of our global, shared challenge to electrify the world without undue compromise to the integrity of our planet is one that will require global action. The experiences and perspectives detailed in this book are important to understand as we collectively work towards a sustainable energy future. The one billion plus are counting on us." Kirsten S. Thorne, Global Issues and Public Policy Manager, Chevron (Forward)

Many energy practitioners are either uninformed or misinformed regarding how electricity is actually priced. Many are also unaware of how to properly calculate potential dollar savings from energy efficiency upgrades. Designed for commercial/industrial/institutional (C&I) power customers, this book details ways to secure lower electric rates and pricing in both regulated and deregulated retail power markets. The range of options varies from simple methods (e.g., minimizing sales tax) to more complex techniques (e.g., intervening in regulatory rate proceedings). With 40+ years' experience in energy services, Mr. Audin provides an excellent understanding of power pricing and ways to reduce it.

This book comprises select proceedings of the international conference ETAEERE 2020, and focuses on contemporary issues in energy management and energy efficiency in the context of power systems. The contents cover modeling, simulation and optimization based studies on topics like medium voltage BTB system, cost optimization of a ring frame unit in textile industry, rectenna for RF energy harvesting, ecology and energy dimension in infrastructural designs, study of AGC in two area hydro thermal power system, energy-efficient and reliable depth-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network, and power line communication. This book can be beneficial for students, researchers as well as industry professionals.

More than a billion people cannot get safe drinking water; half the world's population does not have adequate sanitation; within a generation over three billion will be suffering from water stress. This text analyzes the issues in this crisis of management and shows how water can be used effectively and productively. The key to sustainable water resources is an integrated approach. The authors assert that careful planning and concerted action can make the fundamental changes needed and that the implications of not dealing with the crisis are immense. The book comes with a CD ROM containing background research and scenarios.

This book, first published in 1984, examines the economics and political issues raised by foreign investment in mineral development. It is an attempt to identify, as far as possible, what occurs in and between countries when foreign investments are made in mineral development, concentrating on two main themes: on the nature of the transactions which constitute the process of foreign investment on the physical level - money and instruments of credit, objects, information and people as they cross national boundaries - and on the nature of the relationships which are created between foreign investors and governments in the countries where the investments are made. The author argues that the nature of physical transactions plays a crucial role in determining the character of host country-foreign investor relations, and the policies and attitudes adopted by host country authorities exercise an important influence, in turn, on the physical effects of foreign investments. As such, the book constitutes a comprehensive overview of the economic and political factors involved in mining and its development.

Originally published in 1983. Extensive research into the archives of the lead industry has culminated in this comprehensive and fascinating account of the industry from the earliest times to the 1980's. It traces the origins of the various types of lead manufacturing and the nineteenth-century expansion of the industry. The technological changes within the industry are traced in detail, and an appraisal of modern industry and its future prospects concluded this definitive and very readable history of the lead industry.

Originally published in 1984, this book discusses the structure of a multi-sectoral, general equilibrium growth model of the US economy that gives special attention to the energy sectors and presents results from the simulation of this model under varying conditions of energy supply. While the book primarily analyzes the effect of energy supply on economic growth, it also presents a new methodology for approaching this kind of problem, but this same approach can be used to model the effect of changes in the supply of any produced raw material on economic growth.

Originally published in 1987 this book presents a comprehensive survey of the global natural gas industry: it looks at the problems of supply, the pattern of demand, the economics of the industrya nd how the industry in the 1980s was being affected by changes in other energy sectors. As a key commodity in the world economy the supply of natural gas is increasingly affecting and changing international relations between importer and supplier countries: the siberian natural gas pipeline which supplies Soviet gas to Western Europe is a key example of the impact of natural gas on international relations and one which is discussed in the book.

Originally published in 1994, this book contains the edited papers of the workshop of the Energy and Environmental Programme at the Royal Institute of Interantional Affairs which examined the interaction between environmental legislation and the energy indusutries. It examines past experience; the nature of the challenges to the industries; actual industrial responses and what implications this might have framing legislation. The international contributors represent a range of perspectives.

Flood disasters continue to occur in many countries in the world and cause tremendous casualties and property damage. To mitigate the effects of floods, a range of structural and non-structural measures have been employed including dykes, channelling, flood-proofing property, land-use regulation and flood warning schemes. Such schemes can include the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for modelling the rainfall run-off process as it is a quick and flexible approach which gives very promising results. However, the inability of ANN to extrapolate beyond the limits of the training range is a serious limitation of the method, and this book examines ways of side-stepping or solving this complex issue.

The book will highlight major trends and developments in the field of microbial fuels, with contributions from a number of highly experienced researchers. It will serve as a comprehensive reference for industrial stakeholders, scientists, researchers and graduate students interested in microbial fuels. The aims of this work are to present the technologies and perspectives taking into account different socio-economical contexts. A specific chapter will focus on the general perspectives of microbial fuels for low-income and emerging countries.

A deepening ecological crisis is rearing its head in sub-Saharan Africa, as it faces a myriad of challenges in regards to the development of its energy sector. The ‘dirty now and clean up later’ approach to the environment has a strong appeal, particularly because it is often thought of as the last place to try to edge in another priority - especially if that priority is perceived by many to be an economic luxury.

Asuelime and Okem bring together a team of specialist contributors who investigate to what extent sub-Saharan Africa has displayed foresight or politico-economic integrity. The book shows that the state’s ability to meet the demands of provision of energy in sub-Saharan Africa has led to heavy investments in infrastructure, transmission and distribution of energy to the citizens. However, the inefficiencies, corruption and unhealthy bureaucratic challenges that accompany this have led to urgent problems, which are thoroughly explored in this book.

The Political Economy of Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa will be of interest to students and scholars of African Studies, Development Studies, political science and environment.

Table of Contents

Part I: Introduction

1. Expanding the Frontiers of the Political Economy of Sub-Sahara Africa’s Energy

Part II: Theories and Concepts

2. Deliberative Theory and the Politics of the Natural Resource Economy in Southern Africa

3. In Pursuit of Pro-Poor Development in Ghana: Is Accessible, Affordable and Reliable Energy Supply the Missing Link

4. Ecological Social Work: Reconnoitering Socio-Cultural and Socio-Political Patterned Ecological Conservation Awareness and Benefits at the Big 5 False Bay Municipality

Part III: Sustainable Energy, Land and Food Security

5. Global Energy Demand and its Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa

6. Governance Institutions for Sustainable Energy Resources Management in Nigeria: Issues, Perspectives and Policy Agenda for Action

7. The Political Economy of Gendered Relationships and the Land Use Interaction between Natural Resources and Human Agency in Zimbabwe

8. Degradation and Climate Change: Implications for sustainable energy supply in Zambia

Part IV: The Political Economy of Oil and Coal in Nigeria

9. Nigerian Coal Industry: Focus on Effects of Under-utilization to the Economy, 1909-2015

10. Exploring the Political Economy of Fuel Subsidy in Nigeria

11. The Impact of Oil Exploration and Exploitation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Part V: Conclusion

12. The Political Economy of Oil, Clean Energy and Environmental Transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons for the Future

Energy and Society: An Introduction, Second Edition provides readers with a detailed introduction to energy sources and energy utilization. This book presents an overview of alternative energy issues and technologies, discusses the pros and cons of various energy sources, and explores their impacts on society and the environment. What's New in the Second Edition: This second edition offers simple updates, as well as completely rewritten material, regarding the last decade in areas including global climate change, oil prices, renewable and alternative fuels, and diversion of civil nuclear energy programs into nuclear weapons proliferation. It covers the development of energy technology from the time of early humans through antiquity, medieval times, and the Industrial Revolution. It also addresses the development of nuclear energy, energy supply and demand, geopolitics of energy, and the various environmental issues associated with energy use. Keeps mathematics to a minimum, making the book usable for a variety of academic majors Includes up-to-date coverage of all new energy sources Traces the development and utilization of energy throughout history Energy and Society: An Introduction, Second Edition can benefit undergraduate students taking a survey course in engineering, as well as professionals in the energy supply, energy planning, or environmental industry.

China is frequently described as a threat to regional and global stability and its rapidly rising demand for imported energy is seens as one cause of this threat. This book shows that domestic politics and foreign policy have both played a part in China's recent major energy policy decisions. However, China's increasing involvement in the global energy markets can be seen as an opportunity to enhance cooperation and interdependence rather than as a threat.

Since China has now become the world's largest energy consumer, its energy sector has understandably huge implications for the global economy. This book examines the transformation of China's conventional and renewable energy sectors, with special attention to state-business relations. Two studies examine the development of China's energy profile, especially China's renewable energy. Two others explore governmental relations with state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and their reform. Despite drastic restructuring in the late 1990s, SOEs continue their oligopolistic control of the oil and gas sectors and even overshadow the stock market. Three studies investigate the factors that help propel the expansion of China's conventional energy firms, as well as those producing renewable energy (i.e. solar PV industry). A study of China's solar PV industry suggests that China's governmental support for it has evolved from subsidising production (a "mercantile" stage aimed at expanding the industry's global production and export share) to subsidising the demand side (aiming at expanding domestic demand and absorbing redundant manufacture capacity). Another review of this industry finds that firms tend to pay heavy attention to extra-firm institutional network relationships both inside and outside China, and that buyer-supplier networks are influenced by extra-local managerial education. The final chapter compares China's provinces and their embedded carbon-footprints per capita in urban areas from a consumption perspective, using a self-organizing feature map (SOFM) model. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

As discussed in this text, countries with excess energy resources export these to countries that need them. This is an important function of the global energy markets, where energy sources, products and services are traded among countries and companies. While this is the primary activity in energy markets, it is only part of the entire global energy market scheme. The goal of this text is to analyze all sides of the energy markets in their physical, technological, economic, political, regulatory, environmental, financial, and legal aspects.