This timely book explores how the internet and social media have permanently altered the media landscape, enabling new actors to enter the marketplace and changing the way that news is generated, published and consumed. It examines the importance of citizen journalists, whose newsgathering and publication activities have made them crucial to public discourse and central actors in the communication revolution. Investigating how the internet and social media have enabled citizen journalism to flourish, and what this means for the traditional institutional press, the public sphere, and media freedom, the book demonstrates how communication and legal theory are applied in practice. Peter Coe advances a concept of 'media as a constitutional component', which distinguishes media from non-media actors based on the functions they perform, rather than institutional status, and uses this to provide a conceptual framework that recognises modern newsgathering and publication methods. This interdisciplinary book analyses the legal challenges created across a range of topical issues, including online anonymity and pseudonymity, defamation, privacy and public interest, contempt of court and press regulation. Media Freedom in the Age of Citizen Journalism will be a key resource for students, scholars, practitioners and policy-makers of information and media law, constitutional administrative law, communication and media studies, journalism and philosophy.

Medical Device Regulation provides the current FDA-CDRH thinking on the regulation of medical devices. This book offers information on how devices meet criteria for being a medical device, which agencies regulate medical devices, how policies regarding regulation affect the market, rules regarding marketing, and laws and standards that govern testing. This practical, well-structured reference tool helps medical device manufacturers both in and out of the United States with premarket application and meeting complex FDA regulatory requirements. The book delivers a comprehensive overview of the field from an author with expertise in regulatory affairs and commercialization of medical devices.

This timely book investigates the issue of counterfeit and falsified medicines (CFM) in the EU, identifying that this is a problem that lies at the intersection of three spheres of law - medicine, intellectual property (IP), and criminal law. The book highlights key issues such as infiltration of the legal supply chain and the involvement of organised crime, analysing relevant EU law and demonstrating the challenges of CFM. Using examples from several case studies, Vishv Priya Kohli reveals the gaps in the current legal framework, underlining the particular difficulties created by the interplay between different areas of law as well as the lack of criminal penalties. The author explores areas where improvements have already been made, in particular through the Falsified Medicines Directive, and articulates a number of recommendations to fill in the gaps, for example by harmonizing criminal law and building synergies within law enforcement. Counterfeit and Falsified Medicines in the EU will be of great interest to academics and students in IP, health and medical law, and criminal law in the EU. It will also prove valuable for practitioners and policymakers working in and with enforcement authorities in the EU, as well as those working in the medical field itself.

This thought-provoking book highlights the increasing recognition of the prevalence of neurodisability within criminal justice systems, discussing conditions including intellectual, cognitive and behavioural impairments, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and traumatic and acquired brain injury. International scholars and practitioners demonstrate the extent and complexity of the neurodisability experience and present practical solutions for criminal justice reform. Examining the growing body of evidence which illustrates the significant over-representation of neurodisability amongst prison and juvenile justice populations, this critical book explores the challenges faced by people with a neurodisability who come into contact with the justice system. These challenges include: difficulty understanding interactions with police, navigating court processes, comprehending sentencing orders, and coping with prison and post-release life, which can lead to repeat victimisation and criminalisation. Overall, this book establishes that justice systems are often unable to meet the specific needs of people with a neurodisability and that there is a significant lack of appropriate support within the community aimed at prevention and diversion. Providing broad interdisciplinary insights, this timely book will prove a vital resource for scholars and students of criminal law, law and society, criminology, neuroscience and social work. It will also be of value to legal practitioners, law enforcement, prison employees and welfare professionals engaged with individuals with a neurodisability.

This timely book offers a fresh perspective on how to effectively address the issue of unequal access to healthcare. It analyses the human right to health from the underexplored legal principle of solidarity, proposing a new understanding of the positive obligations inherent in the right to health. Combining human rights law, public health and social theory, Eduardo Arenas Catalan demonstrates that when interpreted in line with the principle of solidarity, the right to health should be viewed as a non-commercial right. Arenas Catalan argues that the right to health's functions are to challenge the commodification of healthcare and to advance free-of-charge public healthcare services. Moreover, through a critical analysis of classical jurisprudence concerning the right to health, the book delivers a searing indictment of the effects of neoliberal capitalism and commercialization on human rights. This thought-provoking book will be of interest to scholars and students of law, in particular international human rights law, public international law and legal theory, as well as social and public health researchers and students. Policy makers and legal practitioners will also find its original analysis of solidarity in the context of human rights and the law useful.

This insightful book analyses the process of the first adoption of guiding human rights principles for education, the Abidjan Principles. It explains the development of the Abidjan Principles, including their articulation of the right to education, the state obligation to provide quality public education, and the role of private actors in education. Multidisciplinary in approach, both legal and education scholars address key issues on the right to education, including parental rights in education, the impact of school choice, and evidence about inequities arising from private involvement in education at the global level. Focusing on East African and francophone countries, as well as the global level, chapters explore the role and impact of private actors and privatization in education. The book concludes by calling for the rights outlined in the Abidjan Principles not to remain locked in text, but for states to take responsibility and be held to account for delivering them, as promised in international human rights treaties. Interpreting human rights law as requiring that states provide a quality public education, this book will be a valuable resource for academics and students of education policy, human rights, and education law. It will also be beneficial for policy makers, practitioners, and advocacy groups working on the right to education.

This insightful book provides a timely review of the potential threats of advertising technologies, or adtech. It highlights the need to protect internet users not only from privacy risks, but also as consumers and citizens online dealing with a highly complex technological setting. Jiahong Chen illustrates a concise overview of the technical, economic and legal aspects of adtech together with coverage of other important areas. These include: the ongoing debates around online advertising and data protection, an up-to-date analysis of the application of the GDPR, and insights into both the practices and theories of the regulation of data protection law. The book provides a clear picture of what is truly at stake with online advertising practices, concluding with a critical assessment of the current regime and a proposed approach to reform data protection laws. This book will provide essential reading for researchers and law students requiring an overview of the legal framework and current practices, alongside legal practitioners and policymakers evaluating the benefits and risks of data-driven technologies.

This book investigates the law's approach to suicide in England and Wales. It explores the seismic shift in perceptions of the law's role in respect of suicide from imprisonment as a punishment for attempting suicide, to courts hearing arguments about whether there is not only a right to suicide but also a right to assistance in suicide. This development stands alongside a global recognition of suicide prevention as a public health priority. In this book, the dual priorities of respect for autonomy and the protection of human life are recognised as equally important and the legal issues surrounding suicide in a range of different contemporary contexts, including suicide in prison and juvenile suicide, are considered. The book also investigates what the relationship between mental health and suicide means for its legal regulation, and evaluates the enduring legal offence of assisted suicide, particularly in the context of the terminally ill. It is argued that a more refined approach to the topic of voluntary death should be recognised in the law; one that distinguishes more clearly between autonomous decision-making about the end of life, and incapacitated self-caused risks to life that require effective preventative interventions.

This book explores the interplay between regulation and emerging technologies in the context of synthetic biology, a developing field that promises great benefits, and has already yielded fuels and medicines made with designer micro-organisms. For all its promise, however, it also poses various risks. Investigating the distinctiveness of synthetic biology and the regulatory issues that arise, Alison McLennan questions whether synthetic biology can be regulated within existing structures or whether new mechanisms are needed. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, McLennan draws on diverse areas of law, the science of synthetic biology and the history and sociology of science. She concludes that synthetic biology presents novel regulatory challenges relating to environmental risk, biosafety, biosecurity and intellectual property. These challenges arise from the uniqueness of the science, the nature of its communities of scientists (including citizen scientists or 'biobunks') and the uncertainty surrounding possible hazards. Some scientists see intellectual property protection as a way to push innovation forward (bioentrepreneurs), while others openly share synthetic biology tools such as BioBricks. By understanding the range of regulatory challenges, the book make a case for enhanced regulation that protects us from synthetic biology's risks, whilst capturing its potential to improve our world. Regulation of Synthetic Biology will be essential reading for academics and students in the social sciences and law, as well as for scientists working in synthetic biology, and policymakers in innovation, science and the regulation of these fields.

Presenting detailed analysis of the industrialization and commercialization of pharmaceutical patents in China, this timely book explores a range of related topics including a comparison of the ideal and existing state of the pharmaceutical market and patent industrialization. It argues that the core purpose of the industrialization of pharmaceutical patents is to promote the development of the local pharmaceutical industry whist also protecting society's right to safe and effective medication. Chapters examine the special application issues of patent law in relation to the field of pharmaceuticals, compare the Chinese and American legal systems and their approach to pharmaceutical patents, and provide in depth political and legal analysis of the industry. James Hou suggests methods by which the Chinese legal system can seek to improve its governance of pharmaceutical patents and balance the conflicts of interest arising between new drug developers, established drug manufacturers and the end users. Featuring comprehensive coverage of patents in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, this book will be a key resource for scholars and students of commercial, pharmaceutical and intellectual property law, whilst also being of interest to industry talents discovering the potential of their own innovations.

This must-have book is a comprehensive yet accessible guide to copyright and related rights in the music industry. It provides clear and concise instruction on how copyright works in practice and how it applies to music specifically, as well as covering how to manage, utilise and enforce copyright, what infringement looks like and how to avoid it. The book illustrates this with relevant cases and real world examples, including practical, step-by-step guidance for stakeholders of all types. It also signposts the future of copyright in the music industry through an examination of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. Key features include: An engaging and approachable writing style A practical orientation for those in the industry and their advisors The impact of social media on copyright infringement, management and remedies Accessible explanations of key concepts in copyright and related rights, as well as commonly misunderstood topics such as sampling and fair use. Musicians, producers, copyright holders and others working in the music industry will find this an indispensable and easy-to-use resource for navigating all aspects of music copyright. It will also be of interest to academics and students of copyright law for its discussion of contemporary issues such as technology and enforcement.

Population ageing poses a huge challenge to law and society, carrying important structural and institutional implications. This book portrays elder law as an emerging research discipline in the European setting in terms of both conceptual and theoretical perspectives as well as elements of the law. Providing a deepened understanding of population ageing in terms of vulnerability, intergenerational conflict and solidarity, expert contributors highlight the necessity for a contextualized ageing concept. As well as offering a comparative analysis of active ageing policies across the EU, this book examines a range of topics including age discrimination in employment and the freedom of movement of EU citizens from the ageing individual's point of view. It also goes on to describe elder care developments, discussing the ageing individual's autonomy in relation to both traditional inheritance rights and growing instances of dementia. Timely and engaging, this book will appeal to academic scholars and students in relevant areas of law as well as those studying across the social sciences. Exploring a broad range of socio-legal issues in relation to demographic ageing, it will also inform legal practitioners and policymakers alike. Contributors include: M. Axmin, A. Blackham, C. Brokelind, J. Fudge, E. Holm, A. Inghammar, M. Katzin, M. Kullmann, T. Mattsson, P. Norberg, A. Numhauser-Henning, H. Pettersson, M. Roennmar, E. Ryrstedt, K. Scott, E. Trolle OEnnerfors, C. Ulander-Wanman, J.J. Votinius, A. Zbyszewska

Aspects of education law provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the laws that currently inform, prescribe and influence the activities of educators and education managers, whether on the sports fields or in the boardroom, at the blackboard or behind a desk. This revised fourth edition of Aspects of education law places emphasis on the legal aspects that pertain to learner misconduct in South African schools, with extended chapters on human rights and school governance, and has been thoroughly updated in terms of new legislation and case law. It includes discussions of the position of the child as legal subject, the educator's duty of care and the administrative aspects of school management. Aspects of education law has become an essential resource for educators, lawyers, members of governing boards and parents, and all of those who are interested in ensuring high-quality schooling in South Africa. Previous editions have been hailed as being "among the highest in the international community" and "a must for ...scholars throughout the world with an interest in comparative education law" by American academics.

The contributors to this issue investigate the complex ways that policies of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have diffused through the states over seven years of implementation. When the ACA was passed in 2010, states were given the option to set up their own health care exchanges, expand their Medicaid programs, and reform both their local public health and their health care delivery systems. These reforms significantly impacted citizens' access to insurance. Contributors examine how local conditions account for variation in enrollment across states, analyze the evolution of Medicaid waivers in Republican-led states, show how early-adopting states affected later adopters, explore the role of public opinion in the diffusion of ACA policies, and argue for the importance of rhetorical framing when advocating in favor of the ACA. Contributors. Frederick J. Boehmke, Timothy Callaghan, Rena Conti, Bruce A. Desmarais, Colleen M. Grogan, Jeffrey J. Harden, Lawrence Jacobs, David K. Jones, Andrew Karch, Elizabeth Maltby, Julianna Pacheco, Aaron Rosenthal, Abigail A. Rury, Phillip McMinn Singer, Craig Volden

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Written by esteemed legal scholar Michael L. Perlin, this indispensable Advanced Introduction examines the long-standing but ever-dynamic relationship between law and mental health. The author discusses and contextualises how the law, primarily in the United States but also in other countries, treats mental health, intellectual disabilities, and mental incapacity, giving examples of how issues such as the rights of patients, the death penalty and the insanity defense permeate constitutional, civil, and criminal matters, and indeed the general practice of law. Key features include: unpacks key US Supreme Court decisions to focus on the issues that have been most significant in the development of the field explains the distortion of this area of law by biased and stereotypical social attitudes including sanism examines lesser-known cases that illuminate judicial attitudes, helping readers to better understand likely future developments in mental health law. Offering an insightful introduction to this field, the Advanced Introduction to Mental Health Law is an invaluable resource for students and newly qualified lawyers, and will appeal not only to those looking to understand the law in the United States, but how this contributes to the development of the field as a whole.

This timely book is an investigation of the highly debated questions: do coroners' recommendations save lives and how often are they implemented? It is the first socio-legal investigation of coroners' recommendations from several countries. Based on an extensive study, it analyses Coroner's Court findings and litigation from Canada, England, Ireland, Australia and Scotland as well as over 2000 New Zealand coroners' recommendations and includes more than 100 interviews and over 40 surveys. The book probes coroners', organisations' and families' experiences of the Coroner's Court in detail and includes substantial quotations from, and discussion of, their experiences. The data analyzed demonstrates that while coronial recommendations can be useful tools for intervention and policy development, coroners' contribution to morbidity and mortality prevention at the population level requires further development. In addition to coroners, lawyers, health practitioners, families, organisations and policy makers, researchers from Law, Medicine and the Social Sciences will find this pioneering volume an important and illuminating resource. Contents: 1. Learning From Death 2. Coronial Jurisdictions 3. Coroners' Recommendations 4. Do Coroners' Recommendations ''Disappear Into A Black Hole?'' 5. The Promise Of Saved Lives: Coroners' Preventive Function 6. Mandatory Responses To Coroners' Recommendations 7. Dying For Change Index