This book focuses on the utilization of bio-resources and their conversion pathways for a sustainable future. Tapping into bio-resources by means of thermochemical and biochemical processes has attracted researchers from all over the world; it is a broad area that has given birth to concepts like the biorefinery, as well as a new stream known as biotechnology. Its scope includes biochemical and microbiological engineering, biocatalysis and biotransformation, biosynthesis and metabolic engineering, bioprocess and biosystem engineering, bioenergy and biorefineries, cell culture and biomedical engineering, food, agricultural and marine biotechnology, bioseparation and biopurification engineering, bioremediation and environmental biotechnology, etc. The book discusses a host of new technologies now being used to tap these resources with innovative bioprocesses. All chapters are based on outstanding research papers selected for and presented at the IconSWM 2018 conference.

The first edition described the concept of Integrated Waste Management (IWM), and the use of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) to provide a way to assess the environmental and economic performance of solid waste systems. Actual examples of IWM systems and published accounts of LCI models for solid waste are now appearing in the literature. To draw out the lessons learned from these experiences a significant part of this 2nd edition focuses on case studies - both of IWM systems, and of where LCI has been used to assess such systems. The 2nd edition also includes updated chapters on waste generation, waste collection, central sorting, biological treatment, thermal treatment, landfill and materials recycling.

This 2nd edition also provides a more user-friendly model (IWM-2) for waste managers. To make it more widely accessible, this edition provides the new tool in Windows format, with greatly improved input and output features, and the ability to compare different scenarios. A detailed user's guide is provided, to take the reader through the use of the IWM-2 model, step by step. IWM-2 is designed to be an "entry level" LCI model for solid waste - user-friendly and appropriate to users starting to apply life cycle thinking to waste systems - while more expert users will also find many of the advanced features of the IWM-2 model helpful. IWM-2 is delivered on CD inside the book.

Solid waste management issues are a highly emotive topic. Disposal costs need to be balanced against environmental impact, which often results in heated public debate. Disposal options such as incineration and landfill, whilst unpopular with both the public and environmental pressure groups, do not pose the same environmental and health risks as, for example, recycling plants. This book, written by international experts, discusses the various waste disposal options that are available (landfill, incineration, composting, recycling) and then reviews their impact on the environment, and particularly on human health. Comprehensive and highly topical, Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities will make a strong contribution to scientific knowledge in the area, and will be of value to scientists and policy-makers in particular.

Recycling is not a concept that is usually applied to the eighteenth century. "The environment" may not have existed as a notion then, yet practices of re-use and transformation obviously shaped the early-modern world. Still, this period of booming commerce and exchange was also marked by scarcity and want. This book reveals the fascinating variety and ingenuity of recycling processes that may be observed in the commerce, crafts, literature, and medicine of the eighteenth century. Recycling is used as a thought-provoking means to revisit subjects such as consumption, the new science, or novel writing, and cast them in a new light where the waste of some becomes the luxury of others, clothes worn to rags are turned into paper and into books, and scientific breakthroughs are carried out in old kitchen pans.

In this concise, engaging, and at times provocative work, Richard Porter introduces readers to the economic tools that can be applied to problems involved in handling a diverse range of waste products from business and households.

Emphasizing the impossibility of achieving a zero-risk environment, Porter focuses on the choices that apply in real world decisions about waste. Acknowledging that effective waste policy integrates knowledge from several disciplines, Porter focuses on the use of economic analysis to reveal the costs of different policies and therefore how much can be done to meet goals to protect human health and the environment. With abundant examples, he considers subjects such as landfills, incineration, and illegal disposal. He discusses the international trade in waste, the costs and benefits of recycling, and special topics such as hazardous materials, Superfund, and nuclear waste.

While making clear his belief that not every form of waste presents the same amount of risk or should be taken with the same amount of seriousness, Porter stresses the need for open-minded approaches to developing new policies. For students, policymakers, and general readers, this book provides insight and accessibility to a subject that others might leave out-of-sight, out-of-mind, or buried under an impenetrable prose of statistics and jargon.

"A comprehensive, careful, and interesting treatment." --Terry M. Dinan, Congressional Budget Office

A major problem confronting the United States in the 21st century is the 20th centurys legacy of toxic waste. The weapons that fought the Cold War, the facilities that manufactured those weapons, and the factories that fueled a prosperous economy left behind a trail of pollution. Seven previously unpublished essays examine the problem of toxic waste in the United States, what is being done about it, and what should be done about it. W. Henry Lambright and Agnes Gereben Schaefer, Dianne Rahm, Sevim Ahmedov, Charles Davis, Robert A. Simons and Kimberly Winson, Santa Falcone, and Toddi A. Steelman and JoAnn Carmin write about such issues as community based environmental management, regional EPA offices and the regulation of hazardous wastes, "brownfields, " nuclear and chemical weapons destruction, environmental contamination and the nuclear weapons complex, the privatization of nuclear waste clean-up, and WIPP, Yucca, and hazardous waste transport. The future of humanity demands careful thought about these matters.

Hazardous Industrial Waste Treatment provides technical and economical information on how to develop the most feasible total environmental control program that can benefit both industry and local municipalities.

This state-of-the-art reference details the legal, organizational, hierarchal, and environmental components of pollution prevention and waste reduction-illustrating fundamental concepts of pollution prevention, including life-cycle planning and analysis, risk-based pollution control, and industrial ecology. Provides case studies that utilize pollution prevention principles in process design Written by leading experts in the field, the Handbook of Pollution Control and Waste Minimization discusses current legislative and regulatory policies governing waste management in Europe and the U.S. elements of multicriteria decision making contemporary techniques to reduce hazardous by-products in the mining, oil, and chemical industries designing for the environment and more Containing nearly 1000 useful references, tables, equations, and illustrations, the Handbook of Pollution Control and Waste Minimization is an up-to-the-minute resource for chemical, process, civil, and industrial engineers; environmental and soil scientists; hazardous and industrial waste specialists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Generating of agricultural wastes and by-products during the production, processing and consumption of agricultural commodities is unavoidable and over the last decades, an increased public interest has been shown in the challenge of food wastage. Apart from its significant quantities, the physicochemical characteristics of the various agricultural waste and by-products denote that there is immense potential for their reuse, recycle, and valorisation through various different processes. Green Extraction and Valorization of By-Products from Food Processing provides an overview about the valorization or reuse of agricultural wastes and by-products during the production, processing and consumption of agricultural commodities. Waste disposal and by-product management in food processing industry pose problems in the areas of environmental protection and sustainability. However, they could be a great source of valuable nutraceuticals, which can be used to deal with the prospects of feeding fast growing population in 21st century. Features: Gives detailed guidance and presents case-studies about valorization of food wastes and by-products Shows the main conventional and innovative extraction techniques for food waste and by-products valorization Provides an estimated idea regarding the recovery of high-added value compounds Discusses the recovery of high-added value compounds Perspectives originated from the enormous amounts of food related materials that are discharged worldwide and the existing technologies, which promise the recovery, recycling and sustainability of high-added value ingredients inside food chain will be discussed in this book. This book is of value to academics, research institutes, and food industry engineers particularly the research and development professionals who are looking for effective management and utilization of food processing wastes and byproducts. In addition, it is suitable for undergraduate, post- graduate students, research scholars, postdoctoral fellows and faculty members from universities and colleges who pursue academic careers in Food Technology, Food Biotechnology, Fermentation and Bioengineering, Bioprocess Technology, Food science and Technology.

Understanding the mechanisms associated with metal complexes and the sequestering metal contaminants in the environment is essential for effective remediation. Heavy Metal Release in Soils describes and quantifies desorption/release kinetics and dissolution reactions in the release of heavy metals from soil.
The book focuses on:
New techniques - microscopic surface techniques, NMR and electrophoresis, XAFS, SFM, and time-resolved ATR-FTIR
Theoretical analysis and kinetic approaches - adsorption/desorption hysteresis, competitive sorption and transport, multi-component models, speciation kinetics, isotherms and soil and metal parameters, and the role of soil properties on transport
Applications - arsenic speciation and mobility in contaminated soils, modeling activity of CD, Zn, and Cu in contaminated soils, and in situ chemical immobilization
A timely addition to the literature, this book highlights the desorption/release mechanisms for the purpose of resolving remediation dilemmas in contaminated environments. It gives you the added advantage of case studies at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales, and provides both experimental and numerical investigations. With contributions from an international panel of authors, Heavy Metals Release in Soils fills a gap in the current literature concerned with subsurface contaminant fate and transport processes.

This handbook is a practical guide for the methods and procedures required in assessing the nature, degree and related risk of hydrocarbon pollution in contaminated sites. As such, it is the first of its kind which focuses on the techniques for investigating and remediating oil-contaminated sites within a specifically European context. It is the result of a four-year research and development programme initiated by the European Union, named RESCOPP (The REmediation of Soils COntaminated by Petrochemical Products). The approach is to combine a review of current state-of-the-art diagnostic procedures for petroleum-contaminated sites with the experiences of such activities by several companies directly involved in this field. The contents include an introduction to the types of product involved, preliminary studies required in assessing a contaminated site and field survey activities, results analysis, and survey costs involved. The main text is supported by appendices providing a summary of legislation, identification of the different petrochemical pollutants, and different remediation systems. The contributors to this handbook are all experts within the industry. This book will provide an excellent review and problem-solving reference for hydrocarbon manufacturers, distributors and engineers, as well as operating managers and site investigation contractors and consultants.

These papers focus on mine and mill tillings and mine waste. The work also contains information on subjects related to: regulations, technical capacities and developments. This guide identifies the current and future issues facing the mining and enviromental concerns.

This book discusses the science and technology of tunneling for the 21st Century. It includes topics related to planning, geological and environmental investigations, as well as the maintenance and the longevity of tunnels.

The Cleantech conference, which runs parallel with NSTI's Nanotech, is designed to promote advancements in traditional technologies, emerging technologies, and clean business practices, covering important developments in renewable energy, clean technologies, business and policy, bio-energy, and novel technologies, as well as environmental and clean and green advancements. Collected into its own volume for the first time, the papers from Cleantech 2007 cut across every scientific and engineering discipline to address those issues relevant to maintaining and improving the sustainability of our planet.

This book introduces the latest frontier of the tunneling science and technology in Japan. It contains a collection of 175 papers presented at the International Symposium on Modern Tunneling Science and Technology held in Kyoto, 2001.

Completely revised and updated, the second edition of the bestselling In Situ Treatment Technology adds three new chapters to provide the reader with an even more comprehensive reference source on remediation.

This authoritative book goes beyond discussion of individual in situ technologies by providing an understanding of the geologic foundation, the strengths and limitations of each of the technologies, and the details necessary to implement them. It also integrates all chapters to show how these technologies fit together to make a particular remediation method simultaneously the best technical and the most cost-effective design.

The latest updates from the EPA and DOD, as well the inclusion of new material, affords you the detailed knowledge necessary to design a full-scale treatment system. New in this edition are sections in three of the chapters that provide the specific calculations necessary to design an actual treatment system. In Situ Treatment Technology, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference source.

Complete and quantitative, NAPL Removal: Surfactants, Foams, and Micro emulsions, belongs to a ten-monograph series that records the results of the Department of Defense/Advanced Applied Technology Demonstration Facility environmental technology demonstrations. It presents the out come of field demonstrations of innovative in situ remediation technol ogies. In situ surfactant and cosolvent flushing for nonaqueous phase liquids constitutes a technique with the potential to reduce the mass of NAPL - a continuing source of groundwater contamination. This monog raph details two technologies - surfactant/foam and single-phase micro emulsion - selected for their potential to address the needed breakthr oughs. Copiously illustrated with figures and tables, NAPL Removal: Su rfactants, Foams, and Microemulsions takes you through the entire fiel d demonstration step-by-step. It describes the development of the proc esses, analyzes the costs, discusses design issues, and covers perform ance and potential application.

Achieving sustainable energy and resource use is vital if cities are to thrive or even function in the long term. Focusing on cities in the United Kingdom, Germany and Denmark, this book examines the mounting pressures for changes in the management style of utility services in Europe, pressures that stem from a wide range of sources such as liberalization and privatization of markets, tighter environmental standards, new economic incentives, competing technologies and changing consumption patterns. The authors show how changes in the management of utility services can contribute to achieving greater sustainability in urban regions. Whilst more efficient technology has a part to play, truly significant improvements in quality of life will be delivered only when the flow of material and energy through cities is focused on the goal of sustainability in each local context.

The objective of this text is to provide information on mill tailings and mine waste, and to discuss current and future issues facing the mining and environmental communities.

Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers. Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called 'megafuges' of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas. The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area. This is volume 1 of a 2-volume set.

As water demand has increased globally and resources have become more limited because of physical scarcity, over-exploitation and pollution, it has been necessary to develop more options for water supplies. These options include the production at large scale of high-quality reused water from municipal sources for potable uses. Their economic, social and environmental benefits have been many as they have addressed supply scarcity, efficient resource use and environmental and public health considerations. This book includes discussions on potable water reuse history; emerging contaminants and public health; public-private partnerships in the water reuse sector; regulatory frameworks for reused water in the United States and Europe; experiences in Australia, China in general and Beijing in particular, Singapore and Windhoek; narratives and public acceptance and perceptions of alternative water sources. The main constraints on implementation of water reuse projects in different parts of the world seem to have been lack of full public support due to perceived health hazards and environmental impacts. A main handicap has been that governments and water utilities have been slow to understand public concerns and perceptions. After several backlashes, public information, communication and awareness campaigns, broader participation and educational programmes have become integral parts of development policy and decision-making frameworks.

This study investigates the use of constructed wetlands as a cheaper and more effective alternative method of treating domestic wastewater in tropical environments. This book determines the technical viability of the model, with respect to treatment performance under different operating conditions and the economic competitiveness of technology in Uganda and across the region. The Pilot Constructed Wetland investigated in this study was situated at the National Water and Swerage Corporation's Jinja Sewage Works at Kirinya, Uganda. The study revealed the economic viability of constructed wetland systems in the tropical regions. These could be established at competitive costs with waste stabilisation ponds.

Controlling the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) became a very prominent environmental issue with the passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, and will continue to be an environmental priority through the next decade. No single technology has played as important a role in the control of VOC emissions as thermal oxidation. It has the ability to destroy VOCs in a one-step process that produces innocuous by-products.
Design of Thermal Oxidation Systems for Volatile Organic Compounds provides all the information needed for developing a thermal oxidation design in a single reference. It covers design, operation, and maintenance as well as the principles behind the classification of volatile organic compounds as hazardous waste. The author explores the primary purpose of thermal oxidizers and discusses their limitations.
The book provides:
· practical, complete, and concise thermal oxidizer design principles
· an outline of state-of-the-art design principles
· a practical rather than theoretical approach
· real industrial examples in each chapter
With the new regulations that affect VOC emissions, engineers from such diverse fields as oil refining, chemical distillation and separation processes, and pharmaceutical industries will need to design and implement thermal oxidation systems. Design of Thermal Oxidation Systems for Volatile Organic Compounds provides a reference to the entire design process, from conceptualization to operation and maintenance.

Emissions come from different products which have finally turned into waste. Wastes are simply discarded products and the design of a product can have a significant impact on the nature of the waste produced. This text attempts to show how to manage these different types of solid waste emissions.

Why do central and local government initiatives aiming to curb the proliferation of garbage in Beijing and its disposal continue to be unsuccessful? Is the Uberization of waste picking through online-to-offline (O2O) garbage retrieval companies able to decrease waste and improve the lives of waste pickers? Most citizens of Beijing are well aware of the fact that their city is besieged by waste. Yet instead of taking individual action, they sit and wait for the governments at various levels to tell them what to do. And even if/when they adopt a proactive position, this does not last. Official education drives targeting the consumers are organized regularly and with modest success, but real solutions are not forthcoming. Various environmental non-governmental organizations are at work to raise the level of consciousness of the population, to change individual attitudes towards wasteful behavior, but seemingly with little overall effects.