This book consolidates and summarizes smart technologies like IoT, edge computing, and AI used in different aspects of waste material management, mitigation, and recycling for a sustainable environment. One of the cases explains how IoT-based systems and wireless sensors can be used to continuously detect common pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM) and how the data collected are used to assess the overall air quality and determine actions for improvements. A collection of practical case studies, this book provides a comprehensive knowledge in smart waste management to readers in universities, research centers, and industries.

The importance of protecting the environment against pollution is an objective which gained international acceptance in the recent years. According to the first principle of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment which took place in Stockholm in 1972, "man .... bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future genera tions." The United Nations again in their desire to improve the sanitation conditions allover the world decided to proclaim the period between 1981-1990 as the "International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade." Although attempts have been made by inter national organizations to prevent pollution, it is difficult to say that these attempts gave satisfactory results in developing countries. The most common reasons of failure are: a) To find solutions to their environmental problems, develop ing countries usually seek the assistance of engineers and scientists from developed countries. Many times, how ever, either out of ignorance of the local condition or due to financial motivations, these experts come out with solutions which are far from being considered as the "most appropriate." As a result, the basic objective of protecting the environment is not achieved. b) Attempts made by developed countries to "export" their wastes - especially the hazardous ones - to the developing world, is another danger - and sometimes reason of failure encountered in the field of Environmental Management."

Gives a systematic comprehensive examination of all aspects of the shotcrete process (only book to do so) Provides an authoritative authorship from both industry and research Combines concrete technology with practical aspects of the shotcrete placement method Illustrates subject matter with case studies

Covers recent progress on green catalysts derived from biomass Explores biomass conversion to different resources Introduces utilization of bio-waste in environmental aspects Discusses biomass applications in different types of energy Proposes microbial waste biomass as a resource of renewable energy

This second volume on ''Inorganic-Organic Composites for Water and Wastewater Treatment'' reviews research findings on advanced materials and methods for purification. Considering the fact that new emerging pollutants are released into the environment and water bodies, it is necessary to develop more advanced techniques in order to treat them. The utilization of metal - organic framework in view of applications, synthesis, properties like adsorption, characterization of the electronic and geometric aspects, and hybrid systems is reiewed in this book, and the advantages/disadvantages, shortcomings including future prospects associated with metal-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites for water decontamination are discussed. In addition, the use of carbon quantum dots, supramolecular ion-exchange resins, multifunctional composite aerogels, algal biomass valorization and titania-containing composites in treatment processes are also presented.

Since the emergence of climate and global warming onto the international agenda, research in sustainability has been underpinned by the development in energy and environmental science. Highlighted 30 years ago by the Brundtland Commission, 'sustainable development' was defined as: meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This has very much defined the scope and aims of this conference.This conference proceedings book contains the selected papers presented in the 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD2015) held in September 25-27, 2015, in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The conference positions itself as an international forum for researchers all over the world to come together to share and discuss their findings and contributions in all aspects of sustainability; including theory, methodology and applications covering a wide spectrum of topics and issues. The conference proceedings put together a total of 119 papers in sustainable development, covering issues in environmental, energy, and economical aspects of the subjects.

This book describes all parts of belt conveyors, their functions and different types presented one after the other with necessary illustrations covering all the basic aspects so that the reader can obtain an overall understanding of their operation and implementation within the field of bulk material handling, mining and mineral processing. Dedicated study of this work will also enable engineers to carry out minor repairs on their own without having to wait for maintenance personnel. This is an introductory preliminary book for beginners in the field of bulk material handling, mining and mineral processing, written in lucid, easy-to-understand language, well-illustrated, and with self-explanatory descriptions that do not compromise in maintaining academic standards while dealing with the subject matter. A salient feature of this book is that all the new terminology used to describe the components and their functions has been included and explained. Much of the content of this book has been tested and evaluated positively by graduate and postgraduate students and professional engineers of several bulk material handling plants during training programs over the last twenty-five years in India.

This book details microbial remediation of azo dyes from wastewater including information on existing methods and technologies, their graduation, the emergence of new technologies, industrial practices, and real-case studies. Emphasis is placed on industrial applications and the elimination of toxic pollutants from wastewater through bacterial approach. Specific aspects discussed include effective separation through new adsorbents / newcomers, ion exchange process, coagulation / formulations, separations, and biological methods from wastewater. This book explains a paradigm shift towards the recovery of materials and energy from azo dye containing wastewater. Features: Provides information on the topic of prokaryotic-based technologies for azo dye degradation in wastewater treatment plant. Describes microbial enzymes and their role in bioremediation of environmental pollutants. Covers industrial acid mine tailing wastes, plastic wastes, distillery, and pulp paper industry effluent. Discusses critical insight into limitations of related technologies. Explains concepts through illustrations, figures, tables, and trivia boxes. This book aims at Researchers, Professionals, Graduate Students in Bioremediation and Environmental Protection, Waste Management, Applied Microbiology, Botany and Plant Biotechnology.

This timely text offers coverage of pollution prevention fundamentals, featuring examples and case studies drawn from the chemical process industries. Topics are presented on three different levels-macro, meso, and micro. The book's multifaceted approach provides a complete picture of current waste minimization theory and practice.
Macroscale
* Comprehensive analysis of the flow of materials in the United States, from natural resource extraction to consumer product disposal
* Overview of waste generation and management for different pollutant types
* Assessment of pollution prevention opportunities using industrial ecology and product life cycle frameworks
Mesoscale
* Detailed coverage of pollution prevention in chemical manufacturing processes
* Waste audits, emission inventories, flow sheet analysis, and many other important tools
* Waste reduction for unit operations, techniques for measuring economic benefits of pollution prevention, and more
Microscale
* Case studies of reaction pathway analysis and material design methods
Complete with case studies that give the material a real-world edge, plus worked examples to reinforce learning, this text is valuable to both advanced students and practitioners of chemical and civil engineering.

Cogeneration can now turn up to 90% of the fuel burned into usable energy – compared to just 52% of the fuel typically burned in a local power plant and in a separate existing hot water heating system. The fifth edition of this comprehensive reference provides a wealth of information to assist you in evaluating the feasibility and potential benefits of cogeneration for your facility. Covered are recent regulatory developments and their impact, system selection and sizing, permitting requirements, operation and maintenance, financing, technology basics, micro turbines, absorption chillers, distributed generation, and numerous case histories. This new edition is updated with new material and comes with access to a useful program that can help determine the economic value of applying cogeneration for your clients’ benefit.

Recycling is the need of the hour and it is an inevitable destination at the end of the life of any product. Today, recycling can happen at postindustrial and post-consumer states and the importance of recycled products in the market has gained significant importance. Recycled products dominate the array of sustainable products in today's context. Even though there are commercial implications for recycling, one of the very important and obvious reasons to go for recycling and to have recycled products is to have the benefits on environmental sustainability. It is highly important to assess the environmental footprints of recycled products and further improve the environmental benefits of such recycled products. This book presents five interesting chapters pertaining to the environmental footprints of various recycled products.

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose, mainly derived from the food waste of shrimp and crabs. Chitosan is the most important derivative of chitin. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and versatile chemical and physical properties, chitin and chitosan derivatives are used in a wide variety of applications, including water treatment, cosmetics and toiletries, food and beverages, healthcare/medical, and agrochemicals. Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy covers all major aspects of chitin and chitosan, including structure, biosynthesis, biodegradation, properties of chitin and derivatives, applications, and market. It offers a special focus on the bioeconomy, which is the renewable segment of the circular economy. Describes the structure, biosynthesis, and biodegradation of chitin and chitosan Covers chitin- and chitosan-based products Details valorization of these materials Presents information on shell biorefineries Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy serves as a reference for polymer scientists and engineers and is also accessible to economists and advanced students.

The edited book brings out a comprehensive synthesis of latest scientific literature covering various important aspects of anaerobic biodigesters for human waste management that ranges from latest understanding on fundamental concepts/mechanisms of anaerobic biodigestion, modern tools and techniques used in process evaluation, current strategies being recruited for the performance enhancement, and case studies/ success stories across the world on applications of biodigesters used in human waste treatment. The anaerobic biodigestion is a process of break-down of organic waste by anaerobic microorganisms in absence of the oxygen. This process has been conventionally used for treating various types of organic waste including sewage sludge. After optimizing various process parameters, researchers have developed anaerobic biodigesters that have been successfully used for human waste (nigh soil) treatment. The topic of human waste treatment assumes global significance in the wake of UN sustainable Development Goals (SDG) wherein SDG-6 specifically highlights the Sanitation for all by 2030. The anaerobic Biodigester technology has the potential to manage the human waste as well and can contribute immensely in achieving targets of UN-SDG-6. This book is of interest to researchers, academicians, scientists, policy officials and capacity builders. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of environmental Biotechnology. National and international biotechnologists, environmental engineers and sanitation experts also find this to be a useful read.

The significant challenges associated with managing waste continue to attract international scholarly attention. This international Handbook scrutinizes both developed and developing economies. It comprises original contributions from many of the most prominent scholars researching this topic. Consisting primarily of empirical research efforts - although theoretical underpinnings are also explored thoroughly - the Handbook serves to further the understanding of the behaviors of waste generators and waste processors and the array of policies influencing these behaviors.The Handbook reveals how, broadly speaking, research in the area of waste management appears to be motivated by two sources of intellectual curiosity. First is the attempt to directly or indirectly inform our understanding of the development of solid waste policy. Economic incentives, including advanced disposal fees, recycling subsidies, unit-based pricing programs, and landfill taxes, appear commonly across developed countries, and understanding how effective these policies are at diverting waste is examined carefully in the Handbook. Second, other economists are motivated to study solid waste management decisions as an avenue to understanding how incentives and norms affect individual behavior. The blossoming area of behavioral economics is especially appropriate for application to solid waste management decisions, and the Handbook contains new research contributions that add to this expanding literature. Readership will be broad including academic economists researching waste issues and researchers specializing in waste management and more widely in environmental policy, behavioral economics, and public economics. International policymakers engaged in waste management decisions will find the work enlightening. Contributors: A. Abbott, G. Abrate, A. Bucciol, S. Das, E. Dijkgraaf, Fabrizio Erbetta, I. Ferrara, G. Fraquelli, R. Gradus, J.M. Halstead, E.B. Hosoda, J-C. Huang, D. Ichinose, S. MacBride, S. Matsumoto, M. Mazzanti, P. Missios, N. Montinari, A. Montini, S. Nandeibam, D. Numata, L. O'Shea, M. Piovesan, N. Prasad, T. Sasao, T. Shinkuma, H. Sugeta, D. Vannoni, C. Wright, M. Yamamoto, H-F. Yokoo, Y. Yoshida,

Having a solid understanding of materials recycling is of high importance, especially due to the growing use of composites in many industries and increasingly strict legislation and concerns about the disposal of composites in landfills or by incineration. Recycling of Plastics, Metals, and Their Composites provides a comprehensive review of the recycling of waste polymers and metal composites. It provides the latest advances and covers the fundamentals of recycled polymers and metal composites, such as preparation, morphology, and physical, mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardancy properties. FEATURES Offers a state-of-the-art review of the recycling of polymer composites and metal composites for sustainability Describes a life-cycle analysis to help readers understand the true potential value and market for these recycled materials Details potential applications of recycled polymer and metal composites Includes the performance of natural fiber-reinforced recycled thermoplastic polymer composites under aging conditions and the recycling of multi-material plastics Covers recycling technologies, opportunities, and challenges for polymer-matrix composites This book targets technical professionals in the metal and polymer industries as well as researchers, scientists, and advanced students. It is also of interest to decision makers at material suppliers, recycled metal and polymer product manufacturers, and governmental agencies working with recycled metal and polymer composites.

This book is devoted to sewage sludge, its sustainable management, and its use and implications on soil fertility and crop production. The book traces the main chemical and biological properties of sewage sludge, and covers topics such as sewage sludge biostabilization and detoxification, biological and thermochemical treatment technologies, emerging nutrient recovery technologies, the role of microorganisms in sewage sludge management, and the sustainable use of sewage sludge as fertilizer in agriculture. The book offers a valuable asset for researchers, scholars and policymakers alike.

Explores planning for biogas plants as a pre-requisite to develop a functional plant balancing energy production and consumption Gives out detailed provision of the types of substances that are and can be used for biogas production covering animal wastes, municipal and industrial wastes Provides knowledge for aspiring biogas producers as well as decision makers, specifically in the context of Nigeria Covers use of digestrate for anaerobic digestion as a waste treatment method and on the input (feedstock) to the biogas plant Compares carbon dioxide emissions from biogas plants with fossil fuel plants

This book compiles research findings directly related to sustainable and economic waste management and resource recovery. Mining wastes and municipal, urban, domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes and effluents-which contain persistent organic contaminants, nanoparticle organic chemicals, nutrients, energy, organic materials, heavy metal, rare earth elements, iron, steel, bauxite, coal and other valuable materials-are significantly responsible for environmental contamination. These low-tenor raw materials, if recycled, can significantly address the demand-supply chain mismatch and process sustainability as a whole while simultaneously decreasing their impacts on human life and biodiversity. This book summarises the large volume of current research in the realm of waste management and resource recovery, which has led to innovation and commercialisation of sustainable and economic waste management for improved environmental safety and improved economics. Key Features: Reviews the key research findings related to sustainable and economic resource recovery and waste management techniques Discusses minimizing waste materials and environmental contaminants with a focus on recovering valuable resources from wastes Examines the potential uses of mining waste in the re-extraction of metals, provision of fuel for power plants, and as a supply of other valuable materials for utilisation/processing Presents research on recycling of municipal, urban, domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes and wastewater in the production and recovery of energy, biogas, fertilizers, organic materials and nutrients Outlines topical research interests resulting in patents and inventions for sustainable and economic waste management techniques and environmental safety

Presents holistic approach for urban mining considering varied types of wastes Describes contemporary integrated approaches for waste management with specific case studies Provides technical, social, and environmental aspects of solid and liquid wastes Considers aspects of sustainability and circular bioeconomy Incorporates case studies on water and wastewater management

This book examines manufactured waste and remaindered humans in literary critiques of capitalism by twentieth-century writers associated with the historical avant-garde and their descendants. Building on recent work in new materialism and waste studies, Rachele Dini reads waste as a process or phase amenable to interruption. From an initial exploration of waste and re-use in three Surrealist texts by Giorgio de Chirico, Andre Breton, and Mina Loy, Dini traces the conceptualization of waste in the writing of Samuel Beckett, Donald Barthelme, J.G. Ballard, William Gaddis, and Don DeLillo. In exploring the relationship between waste, capitalism, and literary experimentation, this book shows that the legacy of the historical avant-garde is bound up with an enduring faith in the radical potential of waste. The first study to focus specifically on waste in the twentieth-century imagination, this is a valuable contribution to the expanding field of waste studies.

Waste can be defined as something no longer wanted, something destroyed, broken, or damaged beyond repair and therefore disposed of or simply thrown away because it is no longer functional, needed, or wanted. However, the focus of this book turns to the question: is waste always really a waste? Stated differently, waste is not a waste if it can be recycled in some form or the other. This book examines all types of waste and their impacts, and discusses the potential ways to mitigate them through recycling and reuse strategies. Features: Addresses agricultural, biomedical, chemical, construction, hazardous, human, municipal solid waste, and more. Explains the fundamentals for waste recycling and reuse. Examines the current state of ocean pollution as well as the latest international regulations. Covers the life cycles of consumer electronic products, and their related metals and minerals, which are increasingly a major source of "E-Waste" The Science of Waste is intended to be used by environmental scientists and engineers, public health officials, legal professionals, students, and instructors interested in waste, as well as the management and reuse thereof.

Real risk management is predicated on the eventuality of human erraticism and therefore necessitates the design of resilient systems, such as control measures, policies, procedures, processes, rules, checklists, and protocols, to protect organizations against unpredictability. However, these systems aren't enough to prevent tragedies, they must be paired with an organizational culture that drives employee understanding, adherence, questioning, and enforcement of these systems. Success is conditioned on this interdependent relationship, meaning employees do the right thing, the right way every time, as they unequivocally support the underlying rationale of their organizational systems, mission, and purpose. This dynamic, inculcated way of thinking is intrinsic to high-reliability organizations and should be the aspiration of all executives, managers, and supervisors. Authors Gordon Graham and Paul Fuller impart a wide range of practical information on resilient systems- as these thoughtfully designed protocols, kept up-to-date and properly implemented, serve to minimize organizational risk in the water and wastewater industry. Features: Offers guidance for organizations to maximize service, enhance safety, and minimize liability. Presents fundamental background on risk, systems, risk management, as well as factors leading to industrial tragedies and how to avoid or mitigate them. Includes practical examples to demonstrate the necessary steps to transform a water facility into a highly reliable and safe organization. Centering on organizational risk management, Practitioner's Handbook of Risk Management for Water & Wastewater Systems provides the investigative tools for risk assessments and risk/frequency matrixes to effectively recognize and prioritize the thousands of risks facing professionals working in the water and wastewater industry today.

This work identifies and reviews current research on important topics in modern waste management. Legislation and its impact is included in the book which takes a European view of this subject. It reviews current research and EC legislation on important waste management topics across Europe.

This informative volume provides comprehensive knowledge on various aspects of wastewater resource management from the point of process sustainability and resource recovery. This authoritative compendium is crucial for developing resource-efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment technologies and management strategies for both small (decentralized) and large (centralized) communities. Traditional wastewater systems have become increasingly energy-consuming and cost-intensive while also not meeting the increasing standards for nutrient removal and sustainable development. This book incorporates the latest developments in pollutant removal and resource recovery schemes in wastewater treatment. It highlights advances that have been made in microbiological processes; design of treatment methods; process configurations; energy conservation and efficiency improvement schemes; nutrient removal; recovery, reclamation, and recycling; beneficial uses of wastewater; and bioenergy and biochemical production from wastewater and sludge streams. Waste-to-energy technologies, especially wastewater treatment as a potential biofuel energy alternative through bioelectrochemical and other processes, are also discussed in this book.

This book aims to provide comprehensive and systematic introduction and summary of corrosion characteristics, mechanisms, and control methods of candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. First of all, corrosion types of candidate alloys and the effects of major alloying elements on corrosion resistance of potential alloys in sub- and supercritical water are compared and analyzed. At the same time, research status of candidate materials, and development and application trends of several corrosion-resistant alloys are summarized. Then, corrosion characteristics of Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Fe-Cr and Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu corrosion-resistant alloys, FeCrAl alloy, and Zircaloy are discussed in detail, including the corrosion rate, the structure and composition of oxide film, and the effects of various surface treatment processes, etc. More specifically, it also investigates corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloy, Fe-Ni-based, and stainless steels in supercritical water. The effects of aggressive species on the corrosion behavior of Ni-base alloys are also explored in supercritical water. Readers will further discover the total corrosion processes and mechanisms of typical candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. Finally, the work explores the corrosion control methods such as ceramic coatings and passivation processes in supercritical water oxidation and in subcritical water, respectively. Future challenges and development trends of corrosion research of candidate materials in sub- and supercritical water environments are covered at the end of this book. It offers valuable reference for theoretically guiding material selection and design and operating parameter optimization of key equipment in the sub- and supercritical water technologies. The book is written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, scholars, and researchers who are interested in corrosion behavior of candidate materials of supercritical water oxidation system, supercritical water gasification system, and nuclear reactor.