The objective of this study is to analyze passenger vehicle crashes involving children up to 15 years old. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), and National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) General estimates System (GES) were consulted to establish restraint usage trends over a 5-year period from 1998 through 2002. The study is intended to provide a better understanding of where to focus future safety efforts designed to improve highway transportation for children.

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 201 - Occupant Protection in Interior Impact - was upgraded in 1995, with a 1998-2002 phase-in, to reduce occupants' risk of head injury from contact during crashes with a vehicle's upper interior, including its pillars, roof headers and side rails, and the upper roof. Initially, energy-absorbing materials alone were used to meet the standard; later, some vehicles were also equipped with head-protection air bags. NHTSA does not yet have enough crash data to evaluate the injury-reducing effectiveness of the energy-absorbing materials. However, the agency has conducted 154 matched pairs of impact tests with free-motion headforms in pre- and post-standard vehicles of 15 selected make-models.

The first generation of frontal air bags saved the lives of thousands of drivers and adult or teenage right front passengers. But they harmed occupants positioned close to the air bag at the time of deployment, especially infants and children. In 1998-1999, air bags were redesigned by depowering - by removing some of the gas-generating propellant or stored gas from their inflators - and/or by reducing the volume or rearward extent of air bags, positioning them further from occupants, tethering and hybrid inflators. NHTSA facilitated the redesign by permitting a sled test in lieu of a barrier impact to certify that air bags would protect an unrestrained occupant ("sled certification"). Statistical analyses of crash data through 2004 from NHTSA's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the Special Crash Investigations (SCI) compare fatality risk with sled-certified and first-generation air bags.

The primary objective of this report is to describe the effectiveness of two prefabricated-treatment devices in removing a suite of inorganic and organic water-quality constituents from stormwater runoff. This report also describes methods and techniques used to determine the effectiveness of these devices. Detailed data describing water quality, flow, constituent loads, and removal efficiencies are presented for inlet and outlet samples collected between June 2002 and October 2004. Another objective of this report is to add to the understanding of stormwater-runoff quality and quantity in an urban environment.

Selected papers from the First International Symposium on Pavement and Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Infrastructure held in Nanchang, China, June 5-7, 2011. Sponsored by the Nanchang Hangkong University and the International Association of Chinese Infrastructure Professionals (IACIP) in cooperation with the Geo-Institute of ASCE. Pavement and Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation contains 20 papers that represent the latest developments in the application of soil, rock, and paving materials to the study and application of geomechanics and transportation geotechnology. Topics include pavement structure and subgrade preparation such as: the use of chemical additives and geogrid reinforcement; performance assessment of concrete and asphalt mixtures; mathematical models for the simulation of geotechnical problems; and evaluation of soil types in relation to slope failure, consolidation, and embankment behaviour. This Geotechnical Practice Publication focuses on the application of geomechanics in transportation and will be of interest to both geotechnical engineers and transportation professionals.

The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), which was signed into law in August 2005, contained several provisions focused on streamlining the environmental review process. One of these provisions, Section 6002, allowed for State Department of Transportation (State DOT) funding of staff, at both Federal and State resource agencies, who are dedicated to working on State DOT projects on environmental streamlining and related planning activities. This report assesses trends in the use of these "funded positions" and provides recommendations to State DOTs and resource agencies to support more effective uses of funded positions. The report is based on a study conducted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Project Development and Environmental Review with assistance from the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center). The study consisted of two parts: (1) a literature review to assess the state of the knowledge about State DOT-funded positions and agreements, and (2) a series of interviews with participants in funded positions programs, including program managers at State DOTs and Federal and State resource agencies and individuals in those positions.

In SAFETEA-LU Section 1808, Congress required the U.S. Department of Transportation, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to evaluate and assess the direct and indirect impacts of CMAQ-funded projects on air quality and congestion levels to ensure the program's effective implementation. Phase II of the CMAQ Evaluation and Assessment responds to that request by exploring different practices and approaches that select agencies Nationwide use in CMAQ project selection and implementation. The study team conducted 1-day site interviews with Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) at seven locations around the country. The Phase II Report highlights effective CMAQ implementation practices and identifies benefits, challenges, and opportunities encountered by the agencies interviewed as they program CMAQ funds from the information collected and analyzed during the site visit interviews.

This report highlights the major State-level accomplishments since 2005 in improving data systems used in traffic safety decision making. A nationwide assessment of traffic records system improvements solicited information from all NHTSA regions and all States plus the District of Columbia and U.S. territories. States were asked to report data quality improvement efforts taking place during the years following passage of the Safe Accountable Flexible Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) in 2005. The project was designed to identify improvements in crash, roadway, driver, vehicle, citation/adjudication, and injury surveillance datasets-the six major components of State traffic records systems. Improvements were sought in the data quality attributes of timeliness, accuracy, completeness, consistency, integration, and accessibility. State projects with quantitative measures showing data quality improvement are highlighted. Additional projects with qualitative evidence of data quality improvement are also described. Several States are listed as pursuing promising practices and the most effective of these are recommended for promotion to the traffic safety and traffic records community.

This report is a statistical analysis of several crash databases to determine the effectiveness of underride guards at preventing fatalities and injuries in crashes where a passenger vehicle impacts the rear of a tractor-trailer.

This book presents an investigation into some of the most common causes that experts believe are responsible for traffic accidents and vehicle crashes. Using the death of Princess Diana and Dodi Fayed in a car accident as the main point of reference, the book explores various factors which could have impacted upon their death, and that of many other people. Many incidents of mortality on the roads are due to the inadequate provision that is made in the country regarding examination of the visual performance of drivers. Especially when driving at night, even drivers with a full visual function reach their psychological limit, with the glare of headlights and street lamps also serving as a considerable impediment. This book emphasises that regular visual testing of a driver with glare source-based stimuli and application of lenses equipped with the anti-reflection coatings, traffic accidents and deaths could be considerably reduced.

This report presents a statistical analysis of crash data in order to determine the effectiveness of antilock brakes in tractor-trailer combination vehicles. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 121, Air Brake Systems, mandates antilock braking systems on virtually all new air-braked vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or greater. ABS is required on tractors manufactured on or after March 1, 1997, and air-braked semitrailers and single-unit trucks manufactured on or after March 1, 1998..

Through the U.S. Department of Transportation's (USDOT) Safe Tip-21 Initiative, the USDOT is testing a variety of technologies in a number of locations in California as well as along the I-95 corridor on the east coast. This document presents the evaluation findings, resulting primarily from in-person interviews the Evaluation Team conducted with institutional partners.

The purpose of this document is to present the findings of the national evaluation of the I-95 Corridor Coalition's Airport Ground Transport Travel Information project, one element of the I-95 Test Bed conducted under the USDOT's Safe Trip-21 Initiative. The Airport Ground Transport Travel Information Project is a system which was designed to provide trip planning information via a website, mobile website, and airport kiosk, for individuals traveling to or rom BWI airport.

This book (The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering) gathers selected papers submitted to the 14th Regional Conference in Energy Engineering and the 13th Regional Conference in Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering in the fields related to intelligent equipment, automotive engineering, mechanical systems and sustainable manufacturing, renewable energy, heat and mass transfer. Under the theme of "Integration and Innovation for Sustainable Development," This book consists of papers in the aforementioned fields presented by researchers and scientists from universities, research institutes, and industry showcasing their latest findings and discussions with an emphasis on innovations and developments in embracing the new norm, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. State-of-the-Art Bridge and Highway Rehabilitation and Repair MethodsThis authoritative volume offers up-to-date guidance on the latest design techniques, repair methods, specialized software, materials, and advanced maintenance procedures for bridges and highway structures. Focusing on both traditional and nontraditional design issues, Bridge and Highway Structure Rehabilitation and Repair clarifies the most recent AASHTO bridge design codes and discusses new analytical and design methodologies, such as the application of load and resistance factor design (LRFD). A wealth of concise explanations, solved examples, and in-depth case studies are included in this comprehensive resource. COVERAGE INCLUDES: Diagnostic design and selective reconstruction Bridge failure studies and safety engineering Analytical approach to fracture and failure Load and resistance factor rating (LRFR) and redesign Application of LRFD and LRFR methods Inspection and structural health monitoring Bridge widening and replacement strategies Conventional repair methods Advanced repair methods Concrete repair methods Extreme events of flood scour and countermeasures design Guidelines for seismic design and retrofit methods

The book presents the select proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Transportation Systems Engineering and Management (CTSEM 2021). The book covers topics pertaining to three broad areas of transportation engineering, namely Transportation Planning, Traffic Engineering and Pavement Technology. The topics covered include transportation and land use, urban and regional transportation planning, travel behavior modeling, travel demand analysis, forecasting and management, transportation and ICT, public transport planning and management, freight transport, traffic flow modeling and management, highway design and maintenance, capacity and level of service, traffic crashes and safety, ITS and applications, non-motorized transportation, transportation economics and policy, road and parking pricing, pedestrian facilities and safety, road asset management, pavement materials and characterization, pavement design and construction, pavement evaluation and management, transportation infrastructure financing, innovative trends in transportation systems, sustainable transportation, smart cities, resilience of transportation systems and environmental and ecological aspects. This book will be useful for the students, researchers and the professionals in the area of civil engineering, especially transportation and traffic engineering.

For this exploratory study, focus groups were convened in Northern Virginia and Philadelphia among the general public, business owners and managers, and owners and managers of shipping and transportation logistics firms. The purpose of these focus groups was to obtain feedback on a specific congestion pricing scenario and to better understand the public's concerns regarding congestion pricing. A secondary purpose was to learn more about how to communicate with the public on the topic of congestion pricing.

GAO reported on (1) the extent to which transportation planners considered ecosystem conservation in planning, (2) the effects of such consideration, and (3) the factors that encourage or discourage such consideration. GAO contacted 36 planning agencies, as well as officials in 22 resource agencies that maintain ecological data and administer environmental laws. Their findings are detailed within this document.

The information contained in this report was collected through interviews with State GIS specialists and project managers who manage GIS4EST work. With consultation from FHWA, eight geographically diverse States were selected for interviews. The GIS applications developed by these States represent the full spectrum of GIS development. The GIS applications that State DOT officials described fall into four general categories of use: * Data management; * Interagency coordination; * Spatial analysis and modeling; and * Re-engineering business processes. While state DOTs vary in the process by which they adopt and apply GIS4EST technologies, these categories suggest a rough sequencing for the development of a GIS4EST application from less to more complex systems. These applications are discussed, grouped by the phase of development that best describes their GIS4EST efforts to date.

The problem that this report tackles is determining how to best utilize Rte 2A and the surrounding roadways to access Minute Man National Historical Park and Battle Road while minimizing the impact of other trips on the visitor experience. This study tries to answer this question in two ways. (1) Identify a maximum daily traffic level on Rte 2A that could provide the best possible traffic movement that benefits the visitor to the park while still allowing the other trips to use this roadway. (2)Propose several options that can be combined or done separately to either help maintain the desired traffic level and minimize the traffic impact on the visitor experience.

In March 2000, FHWA, AASHTO and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) jointly sponsored an international scanning study to observe right-of-way and utility coordination practices in four European countries. The scanning study delegation identified practices used in the selected countries that, if implemented in the U.S., will help ensure timely procurement and clearance of highway right-of-way and adjustment of utilities. Findings and observations in this report are grouped into the following chapters (Appraisal and Acquisition; Compensation and Relocation; Training; Utilities; and Project Development) and includes primary findings the team believes have the most significance and/or implementation value. Other observations that may have potential implementation value in the United States are also included.

This report documents the results of bus accident data analysis using the 2002 National Transit Database (NTD) and discusses the potential of using advanced technology being studied and developed under the U.S. Department of Transportation's (U.S. DOT) Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) program to reduce bus accidents.