Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 214, "Side Impact Protection" was amended to assure occupant protection in a 33.5 mph crash test and phased-in to new passenger cars during model years 1994-1997. A Thoracic Trauma Index, TTI(d) is measured on Side Impact Dummies seated adjacent to the impact point. Manufacturers upgraded side structures and affixed padding in cars to improve TTI(d). Later, they installed two types of side air bags - torso bags and head air bags - for additional occupant protection in cars and LTVs. This report provides statistical analyses of 1993-2005 crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the General Estimates System (GES) estimate fatality reductions for these technologies.

The Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) is a program facilitated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration as a component of its State Data Program. CODES uniquely uses probabilistic methodology to link crash records to injury outcome records collected at the scene and en route by emergency medical services, by hospital personnel after arrival at the emergency department or admission as an inpatient and/or, at the time of death, on the death certificate. CODES is designed to foster and cultivate crash-outcome data linkage for highway safety applications at the State level, supporting State Highway Safety Offices, State Public Health and Injury Prevention Departments, State Emergency Medical Services Agencies, State transportation departments, and other such agencies; and to facilitate participation in NHTSA coordinated multistate studies using linked data at the Federal level. This document is intended to inform traffic safety professionals, from those in CODES programs to those in the agencies they support, as well as all others interested in traffic safety, on best-practice applications available through linked CODES data.

This work describes the statistical analyses based on data for calendar years 1995 to 2007 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the General Estimates System (GES) of the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) estimate the long-term effectiveness of antilock brake systems (ABS) for passenger cars and LTVs (light trucks and vans) subsequent to the 1995 launch of public information programs on how to use ABS correctly.

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, or MUTCD defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all public streets, highways, bikeways, and private roads open to public traffic. The MUTCD is published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F. The MUTCD, which has been administered by the FHWA since 1971, is a compilation of national standards for all traffic control devices, including road markings, highway signs, and traffic signals. It is updated periodically to accommodate the nation's changing transportation needs and address new safety technologies, traffic control tools and traffic management techniques. On May 14, 2012 final rules adopting Revisions 1 and 2 of the 2009, MUTCD were published in the Federal Register with an effective date of June 13, 2012. These are also included in this manual

This publication will introduce you to materials, criteria, and procedures for rapid repair of uncontrolled cracks and spalls in rigid pavements by using epoxy resin grouts, mortars, and concretes. Seven crack conditions that encompass most of the crack types that will be encountered will be discussed. This course is applicable to the repair of rigid pavements on roads and airport runways and taxiways.

The primary objective of this report is to describe the effectiveness of two prefabricated-treatment devices in removing a suite of inorganic and organic water-quality constituents from stormwater runoff. This report also describes methods and techniques used to determine the effectiveness of these devices. Detailed data describing water quality, flow, constituent loads, and removal efficiencies are presented for inlet and outlet samples collected between June 2002 and October 2004. Another objective of this report is to add to the understanding of stormwater-runoff quality and quantity in an urban environment.

This publication sets out the statutory requirements for signing, lighting, and guarding at street works and road works. This is the core reference manual for utility companies, local authorities, street work contractors and others whose day-to-day business involves street works (works by statutory undertakers and other utility companies etc) and road works (works to maintain or repair road infrastructure). The code, which covers all of the UK and includes national variations, is now compulsory for highway/road authorities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It applies to all single carriageway roads and dual carriageways with a speed limit of 40 mph or less. The code is now divided into three parts: Basic Principles, Operations, and Equipment and Vehicles; site layout diagrams have been redrawn to make them easier to understand. There is: increased emphasis on using risk assessment and guidance on what to consider in such assessments; strengthened guidance on providing for pedestrians and cyclists and new guidance on traffic control measures related to road closures, one-way working and temporary road obstructions; enhanced advice on other traffic control measures including works near tramways and railways, and mobile/short duration works; and updated advice on high visibility clothing and the signing and conspicuity requirements for work vehicles. Effective from 1 October 2014 when it will supersede the 2001 edition (ISBN 9780115519581).

In SAFETEA-LU Section 1808, Congress required the U.S. Department of Transportation, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to evaluate and assess the direct and indirect impacts of CMAQ-funded projects on air quality and congestion levels to ensure the program's effective implementation. Phase II of the CMAQ Evaluation and Assessment responds to that request by exploring different practices and approaches that select agencies Nationwide use in CMAQ project selection and implementation. The study team conducted 1-day site interviews with Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) at seven locations around the country. The Phase II Report highlights effective CMAQ implementation practices and identifies benefits, challenges, and opportunities encountered by the agencies interviewed as they program CMAQ funds from the information collected and analyzed during the site visit interviews.

Through the U.S. Department of Transportation's (USDOT) Safe Tip-21 Initiative, the USDOT is testing a variety of technologies in a number of locations in California as well as along the I-95 corridor on the east coast. This document presents the evaluation findings, resulting primarily from in-person interviews the Evaluation Team conducted with institutional partners.

This report is a statistical analysis of several crash databases to determine the effectiveness of underride guards at preventing fatalities and injuries in crashes where a passenger vehicle impacts the rear of a tractor-trailer.

This report presents a statistical analysis of crash data in order to determine the effectiveness of antilock brakes in tractor-trailer combination vehicles. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 121, Air Brake Systems, mandates antilock braking systems on virtually all new air-braked vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or greater. ABS is required on tractors manufactured on or after March 1, 1997, and air-braked semitrailers and single-unit trucks manufactured on or after March 1, 1998..

For this exploratory study, focus groups were convened in Northern Virginia and Philadelphia among the general public, business owners and managers, and owners and managers of shipping and transportation logistics firms. The purpose of these focus groups was to obtain feedback on a specific congestion pricing scenario and to better understand the public's concerns regarding congestion pricing. A secondary purpose was to learn more about how to communicate with the public on the topic of congestion pricing.

The purpose of this document is to present the findings of the national evaluation of the I-95 Corridor Coalition's Airport Ground Transport Travel Information project, one element of the I-95 Test Bed conducted under the USDOT's Safe Trip-21 Initiative. The Airport Ground Transport Travel Information Project is a system which was designed to provide trip planning information via a website, mobile website, and airport kiosk, for individuals traveling to or rom BWI airport.

This book (The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering) gathers selected papers submitted to the 14th Regional Conference in Energy Engineering and the 13th Regional Conference in Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering in the fields related to intelligent equipment, automotive engineering, mechanical systems and sustainable manufacturing, renewable energy, heat and mass transfer. Under the theme of "Integration and Innovation for Sustainable Development," This book consists of papers in the aforementioned fields presented by researchers and scientists from universities, research institutes, and industry showcasing their latest findings and discussions with an emphasis on innovations and developments in embracing the new norm, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), which was signed into law in August 2005, contained several provisions focused on streamlining the environmental review process. One of these provisions, Section 6002, allowed for State Department of Transportation (State DOT) funding of staff, at both Federal and State resource agencies, who are dedicated to working on State DOT projects on environmental streamlining and related planning activities. This report assesses trends in the use of these "funded positions" and provides recommendations to State DOTs and resource agencies to support more effective uses of funded positions. The report is based on a study conducted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Project Development and Environmental Review with assistance from the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center). The study consisted of two parts: (1) a literature review to assess the state of the knowledge about State DOT-funded positions and agreements, and (2) a series of interviews with participants in funded positions programs, including program managers at State DOTs and Federal and State resource agencies and individuals in those positions.

The information contained in this report was collected through interviews with State GIS specialists and project managers who manage GIS4EST work. With consultation from FHWA, eight geographically diverse States were selected for interviews. The GIS applications developed by these States represent the full spectrum of GIS development. The GIS applications that State DOT officials described fall into four general categories of use: * Data management; * Interagency coordination; * Spatial analysis and modeling; and * Re-engineering business processes. While state DOTs vary in the process by which they adopt and apply GIS4EST technologies, these categories suggest a rough sequencing for the development of a GIS4EST application from less to more complex systems. These applications are discussed, grouped by the phase of development that best describes their GIS4EST efforts to date.

The book presents the select proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Transportation Systems Engineering and Management (CTSEM 2021). The book covers topics pertaining to three broad areas of transportation engineering, namely Transportation Planning, Traffic Engineering and Pavement Technology. The topics covered include transportation and land use, urban and regional transportation planning, travel behavior modeling, travel demand analysis, forecasting and management, transportation and ICT, public transport planning and management, freight transport, traffic flow modeling and management, highway design and maintenance, capacity and level of service, traffic crashes and safety, ITS and applications, non-motorized transportation, transportation economics and policy, road and parking pricing, pedestrian facilities and safety, road asset management, pavement materials and characterization, pavement design and construction, pavement evaluation and management, transportation infrastructure financing, innovative trends in transportation systems, sustainable transportation, smart cities, resilience of transportation systems and environmental and ecological aspects. This book will be useful for the students, researchers and the professionals in the area of civil engineering, especially transportation and traffic engineering.

There is more demand than ever for highway engineers due to new highway projects throughout the country. This new fourth edition provides interested engineers with the information needed to solve the highway-related problems that are most likely to be encountered in the field. It includes updated coverage on intersection sight distance, basics of signal timing, and interchange design. New sample FE exam questions are also presented throughout the chapters. Engineers will not only learn the important principles but they'll also be better prepared for the civil engineering exams.

GAO reported on (1) the extent to which transportation planners considered ecosystem conservation in planning, (2) the effects of such consideration, and (3) the factors that encourage or discourage such consideration. GAO contacted 36 planning agencies, as well as officials in 22 resource agencies that maintain ecological data and administer environmental laws. Their findings are detailed within this document.

This report was prepared by the U.S. Department of Transportation John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. This report summarizes Federal requirements, describes CMS concept, provides examples of various CMS implemented by different states and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) and provides guidance on issues to be considered in the development of a CMS for the National Parks.

The problem that this report tackles is determining how to best utilize Rte 2A and the surrounding roadways to access Minute Man National Historical Park and Battle Road while minimizing the impact of other trips on the visitor experience. This study tries to answer this question in two ways. (1) Identify a maximum daily traffic level on Rte 2A that could provide the best possible traffic movement that benefits the visitor to the park while still allowing the other trips to use this roadway. (2)Propose several options that can be combined or done separately to either help maintain the desired traffic level and minimize the traffic impact on the visitor experience.

In March 2000, FHWA, AASHTO and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) jointly sponsored an international scanning study to observe right-of-way and utility coordination practices in four European countries. The scanning study delegation identified practices used in the selected countries that, if implemented in the U.S., will help ensure timely procurement and clearance of highway right-of-way and adjustment of utilities. Findings and observations in this report are grouped into the following chapters (Appraisal and Acquisition; Compensation and Relocation; Training; Utilities; and Project Development) and includes primary findings the team believes have the most significance and/or implementation value. Other observations that may have potential implementation value in the United States are also included.

This report documents the results of bus accident data analysis using the 2002 National Transit Database (NTD) and discusses the potential of using advanced technology being studied and developed under the U.S. Department of Transportation's (U.S. DOT) Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) program to reduce bus accidents.