With the increasing popularity of cellular phones and public concern about the safety of using phones while driving, there has been increased interest in tracking the incidence of driver cell phone use. This report presents the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) most recent results on this topic, which come from NHTSA's National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS). The survey estimated that during daylight hours, drivers of cars, trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles used hand-held phones during 4% of their driving time in 2002, up from 3% in 2000. These results were obtained by observing actual traffic. In fact the NOPUS is currently the only source of probability-based observed national data on driver cell phone use.

This report presents operational and safety findings and countermeasure recommendations from a comparative analysis of bicycle lanes (BLs) versus wide curb lanes (WCLs). The primary analysis was based on videotapes of almost 4,600 bicyclists in the cities of Santa Barbara, CA, Gainesville, FL, and Austin, TX. The videotapes were coded to learn about operational characteristics (e.g., intersection approach position and subsequent maneuvers) and conflicts with motor vehicles, other bicycles, or pedestrians.

This report was one in a series of pedestrian safety synthesis reports prepared for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to document pedestrian safety in other countries. This report is a review of recent pedestrian safety research in the Netherlands. It addresses several topics, reporting findings and providing a comprehensive list of references. Topics addressed include: Pedestrian crossings and traffic calming measures: Here research is reviewed on pedestrian crossings; along with other research pertaining to infrastructure changes in the form of traffic calming. Children and the elderly: One study shows that children are now less likely to walk to school than in earlier times because of parental concern for their safety. Measures for increasing safety of elderly pedestrians are also presented. Disabled pedestrians: Discussion is included concerning hardware and infrastructure that perhaps could be made in order to give better consideration to pedestrians with some kind of disability. Passenger car front-end structure: Discussion is presented as to the role of the car's structural properties as it influences injury severity in a collision with a pedestrian.

This report was one of a series of Pedestrian safety synthesis reports prepared for the Federal Highway administration (FHWA) to document pedestrian safety in other countries. This is a review of recent research on pedestrian safety carried out in the United Kingdom. A comprehensive list of references is provided. The report covers many types of pedestrian facilities, the UK pedestrian safety record, as well as some education and enforcement matters. The report cites an access document with adequate references to allow further investigation of specific areas, and some commentary on research and implementation.

Procedures and criteria described here are applicable to the design and construction of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) pavement (RCCP). Roller-compacted concrete pavement employs a concrete paving technology that involves laydown and compaction of a zero-slump concrete mixture using equipment similar to that used in placement and compaction of asphaltic concrete pavement. By using these construction techniques, the potential exists to save one-third or more of the cost of conventional concrete pavement. Although the concept and technology behind RCCP is relatively new, RCCP has already proven itself cost-effective in projects including log-sorting yards, port facilities, heavy equipment parking areas, tank trails, and haul roads.

This report describes the development of WinSMASH2010, an extensive update and enhancement to the WinSMASH crash reconstruction code. The specific objectives were (1) to correct known programming bugs in the original WinSMASH, (2) convert the code from the obsolete Delphi language to C-Sharp to allow future upgrades, and (3) to enhance WinSMASH accuracy by implementing an automated method of selecting vehicle specific stiffness coefficients.

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) use information and communications technologies (ICT) to deliver transport improvements instead of extending physical infrastructure, thereby saving money and reducing environmental impact. This book provides an overview of ICT-based intelligent road transport systems with an emphasis on evaluation methods and recent evaluation results of ITS development and deployment. Topics covered include: ITS evaluation policy; frameworks and methods for ITS evaluation; ITS impact evaluation; the network perspective; field operational tests (FOTs); assessing transport measures using cost-benefit and multicriteria analysis; technical assessment of the performance of in-vehicle systems; opportunities and challenges in the era of new pervasive technology; evaluation of automated driving functions; user-related evaluation of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) and automated driving; evaluation of traffic management; performance assessment of a wet weather pilot system; case studies from China; heavy vehicle overload control benefit and cost. With chapters from an international panel of leading experts, this book is essential reading for researchers and advanced students from academia, industry and government working in intelligent road transport systems.

This book introduces the basics of safety needs identification, countermeasure selection, and implementation of treatments designed to reduce the number of roadway crashes and resulting injuries and fatalities. It describes the current state of the practice and research regarding finding roadway safety issues, choosing treatments, and implementing their installation. The book also focuses on crashes occurring at intersections, work zones, and as the result of a lane departure.

In this project, the research team evaluated the performance of Permeable Friction Courses (PFC) over time and compared it against other types of wearing surface pavement layers. Several pavement sections including Asphalt Rubber (AR) PFCs, Performance Graded (PG) PFCs, and dense-graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) were monitored over a four-year period. Non-destructive on-site measurements included noise, drainability, texture, friction, and skid. The change of these variables with time as well as the influence of traffic, binder/mixture type, aggregate classification, and climatic region was evaluated. Accident data were also gathered and analyzed on a more comprehensive number of pavement sections across Texas. All of this information was compiled in database format. In addition, when performance issues were identified, field cores were acquired for forensic evaluation. Results from the multiyear performance data analysis and previous research were used to produce guidelines and recommendations to improve the design, construction, and maintenance of PFCs.

The purpose of this report is to analyze the crash-reduction benefits of LED stop lamps and LED center high-mounted stop lamps (CHMSL) using real-world crash data.

The objective of this project is to investigate the data quality measures and how they are applied to travel time prediction. This project showcases a short term travel time prediction method that takes into account the data needs of the real time

This report provides guidance and better practice recommendations to the NPS for selecting pavement surfaces to minimize tire-pavement noise. The report contains an overview of common technologies and methods for quieter pavements, descriptions of research and quieter pavement specifications developed by several state agencies, and a directory of state agency noise and materials/pavement engineers. A brief introduction to some of the fundamentals of tire-pavement noise is included in an appendix.

This report is a statistical evaluation of the fatality- and injury-reducing effectiveness of the energy-absorbing materials in vehicles without head-protection air bags. (NHTSA previously evaluated the effectiveness of head-protection air bags in 2007.2) In one sense, this report evaluates a specific technological approach (energy-absorbing materials without air bags) that is already phasing out. But the energy-absorbing materials, themselves, will not be phasing out; they will continue to appear in new vehicles to protect occupants in crashes where the air bags do not deploy or perhaps at locations not covered by the air bags. More generally, the report investigates whether a technology demonstrated to have reduced HIC measured on headforms in laboratory testing is likewise effective in reducing the head injuries of people in crashes.

The report details how NHTSA produces these lives saved estimates for seat belts and frontal air bags. The methodology is described in detail, including the use of effectiveness ratings for seat belts and frontal air bags. Seat belt effectiveness ratings vary according to the seat belt type (i.e., 3-point belt versus 2-point lap belt), vehicle type, occupant seating position, and occupant age. Frontal air bag effectiveness ratings are consistent for all passenger vehicles. The interactions of the effectiveness of seat belts and the effectiveness of frontal air bags are discussed in this report.

Three factors -- project funding sources and project characteristics, and whether a state allows the adoption of federal review documents generally determine whether a highway project needs a federal environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) or a state environmental review under state law, or both. This book focuses on environmental reviews of highway projects in states with SEPAs and addresses factors determining whether federal or state environmental reviews are required; how state and federal review requirements compare; and the extent of any duplication in federal and state reviews, including frequency and cost. This book also discusses the role of the environmental review process in federally funded highway projects.

Dieses Essential behandelt das spezielle Problem der Modellierung der betrieblichen Inanspruchnahme der Infrastruktur durch Zugfahrten als Voraussetzung fur die Ermittlung konfliktfreier Fahrplantrassen in der rechnergestutzten Fahrplankonstruktion. Die in den heute am Markt befindlichen Softwareloesungen realisierten Methoden, namlich das Sperrzeitmodell und die vereinfachte Betrachtung fahrplantechnischer Zugfolgeabschnitte, werden ausfuhrlich erlautert und mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen gegenubergestellt. Diskutiert werden auch alternative Ansatze und moegliche Weiterentwicklungen.