This handbook describes the historical and legal background to the TRIPS Agreement, its role in the WTO and its institutional framework. It reviews the following areas: general provisions and basic principles; copyright and related rights; trademarks; geographical indications; patents; industrial designs, layout-designs, undisclosed information and anti-competitive practices; enforcement of IPRs; dispute settlement in the context of the TRIPS Agreement; TRIPS and public health; and current TRIPS issues. It contains a guide to TRIPS notifications by WTO members and describes how to access the official documentation relating to the TRIPS Agreement and related issues. Furthermore, it includes the legal texts of the TRIPS Agreement and the relevant provisions of the WIPO conventions referred to in it, as well as subsequent relevant WTO instruments and related non-WTO treaties. The new edition covers the public health revision of the Agreement that entered into force in 2017 and provides updates on other recent developments.

International trade policy, including the trade policies of the European Union (EU), has become controversial in recent years. This book illuminates the politicised process of the EU's contemporary trade negotiations. The book uses the notion of 'contentious market regulation' to examine contemporary EU Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs) with industrialised countries: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership with the USA (TTIP), the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement with Canada (CETA), the EU-South Korea Agreement (KOREU), and the EU's agreement with Japan (EU-Japan). It also analyses cross-cutting issues affecting trade policy, such as business dimensions, social mobilisation, parliamentary assertion, and investment. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of European Integration.

The recent downturn in the Chinese economy has become a focal point of global attention, with some analysts warning that China is edging dangerously close to economic meltdown. Is it possible that the second largest economy in the world could collapse and drag the rest of the world with it? Or will China simply implode under the strain of its many problems and recede from the world stage like Japan? Does it have the resilience and preparedness to tackle the multiplicity of economic challenges it faces? In this penetrating essay, leading expert on China's economic relations Ann Lee explains why China's economy will not sink us all and what policy options it is drawing on to mitigate against such a catastrophic scenario. Dissecting China's economic challenges with realistic clarity, she makes a compelling case for China's continued economic robustness in multiple sectors in the years ahead.

This is a fully updated edition of the best-selling text on U.S. trade policy from colonial times to the current era of large trade imbalances. New coverage for this edition includes the WTO panels and conflicts, the battle in Seattle, struggles over Doha rounds and conflicts, growing tensions among major powers, splits between advanced and developing nations, increased terrorism, and risks of war.

Trade and investment liberalization under Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) looked to be going well in the mid 1990s. However, the subsequent Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization (EVSL) initiative, which was an ambitious attempt to stimulate comprehensive regional liberalization by accelerating tariff reduction in selected sectors, turned out to be a failure. This book analyses the attempted trade liberalizations under the APEC framework by conducting case studies on policy processes of six members. Using the 'two-level game' model as an analytical framework, the volume is an incredibly useful tool for understanding trade liberalization and its implementation. An impressive cohort of contributors come together in this wonderful collection to provide a book that will be of great use to students and academics involved with international trade and economic integration as well of being a useful reference tool for policy-makers across the world.

Lovett (Tulane Law School), Eckes (a former commissioner of the U.S. International Commission during the Reagan and Bush I administrations), and Brinkman (international economics, Portland State U.) evaluate the evolution of U.S. trade policy, focusing on the period from the establishment of the Gen

Contents:
Introduction
Part I: Past Trends and Future Prospects for Growth
1. Dipak Dasgupta, Jennifer Keller and T. G. Srinivasan Reform and Elusive Growth in the Middle East - What Has Happened in the 1990s?
Part II: Integration Patterns, Trade Blocs and Regional Policy
2. Rania Miniesy, Jeffrey B. Nugent and Tarik M Yousef Globalize or Regionalize: How has MENA Performed?
3. Mustapha Nabli and Marie-Ange Veganzones Exchange Rate Regime and Competitiveness of Manufactured Exports: The Case of MENA Countries
4. Ghazi Ben-Ahmad and Ali Bayar The New WTO Trade Agenda, The Euro-Med Agreements and the Cap Reform: Implications for the Agricultural Trade of the MENA Region
Part III: Trade and Restructuring: Lessons and Outcomes
5. Sofiane Ghali and Pierre Mohnen Restructuring and Economic Performance: The Experience of the Tunisian Economy
6. Zelal Kotan and Serdar Sayan A Comparative Investigation of the Price Competitiveness of Turkish and South East Asian Exports in the European Union Market: 1990-1997
7. Zine Barka Economic Liberalisation and Trade Policy Reforms in Algeria
8. Behrouz Hady Zonooz Trade Strategy and Industrial Development in Iran during the 1979-1998 Period
Part IV: Resource Endowments, Factor Markets and Employment Issues
9. Jacques Charmes Trends in Informal Sector Employment in the Arab World and Middle East
10. Malika Martini, Elizabeth Bailey, Gwyn E. Jones and Patricia Goldey Female Labour Supply and Employment Patterns: The Organisation of Labour in Farm Production in Northwest Syria
11. Tony Allan and Hassan Hakimian Watersheds and Problemsheds: Solving MENA Water Scarcity in The Global Trading System
Part V: Economic Boundaries in Flux
12. Karen Preifer How Conflict Shifts Economic Boundaries in the Arab World: Case Study from Kuwait
13. Leila Farsakh Palestinian Labour Mobility and the Redefinition of Economic Boundaries between Israel and the West Bank and Gaza Strip
14. Subidey Togan Turkey After Helsinki: Economic Challenges
15. Numan Kanafani Trade - A Catalyst for Peace?

This title was first published in 2002: Utilizing the case of the 1994 US decision to delink China's human rights record from most favoured nation status, Susan C. Morris addresses the critical issues where commercialism and human rights converge. This insightful addition to the literature on US foreign policy on human rights draws on both political and economic theory, touching upon the relationships between labour conditions and production, business and freedom of association, management and bargaining and ultimately the relationship between economics and human justice. Empirically, the work draws on US Congressional proceedings and debates throughout the decade of the 1990s. Although the trade and human rights debate has long been ingrained in the rhetoric of scholars, the research approaches the issue within the context of communism's last major threshold, making it a valuable contribution to the field of international relations.

This title was first published in 2002: Anthony Bende-Nabende focuses on the ongoing globalization process, which has sparked an unprecedented world-wide debate. He provides a one-stop centre for a balanced coverage of the theoretical, empirical and policy issues linking globalization with foreign direct investment, regional economic integration, and economic growth and sustainable development. This stimulating book comprehensively explores the theoretical and empirical literature inter-linking the aforementioned factors from the anti-globalization activists' viewpoint, and from the pro-globalization proponents' perspective. It proposes policies that individual countries should pursue, based on the recognition that globalization generates both positive and negative effects. These comprise policies required to maximise the economic benefits globalization may generate, and those that aim to eliminate or at least minimize the negative development-oriented effects globalization may engender and, hence, to propel sustainable development. The book will be an essential guide for students, academics and those involved in international economics, environmental studies, international relations, and growth and development studies.

Contents:
Introduction
1. Bargaining Together: Why and How?
2. Coalitions in the GATT and the Entry of Services
3. Bloc Diplomacy: The Informal Group and the G-10
4. Alliance Diplomacy: The Issue-Based, Crossover Coalitions of G-20 and Café au Lait
5. Combination Diplomacy: Issue-Based Blocs and Sub-Sectoral Crossover Coalitions
6. Evolved Alliances: The Cairns Group and Friends of Services Group
7. Regionalism: A Springboard for Bargaining?
8. Coalitions of the New Round: Developing Countries at Seattle and Doha
9. Conclusion

This book describes and assesses an emerging threat to states' territorial control and sovereignty: the hostile control of companies that carry out privatized aspects of sovereign authority. The threat arises from the massive worldwide shift of state activities to the private sector since the late 1970s in conjunction with two other modern trends - the globalization of business and the liberalization of international capital flows. The work introduces three new concepts: firstly, the rise of companies that handle privatized activities, and the associated advent of "post-government companies" that make such activities their core business. Control of them may reside with individual investors, other companies or investment funds, or it may reside with other states through state-owned enterprises or sovereign wealth funds. Secondly, "imperfect privatizations:" when a state privatizes an activity to another state's public sector. The book identifies cases where this is happening. It also elaborates on how ownership and influence of companies that perform privatized functions may not be transparent, and can pass to inherently hostile actors, including criminal or terrorist organizations. Thirdly, "belligerent companies," whose conduct is hostile to those of states where they are active. The book concludes by assessing the adequacy of existing legal and regulatory regimes and how relevant norms may evolve.

This is the first in-depth study of the early trial-and-error experiences of contracting between Japanese and western merchants trading in the Japanese Treaty Ports in the eighteen year period immediately following the opening of the ports in 1859. Fundamental to the equation were the inevitable east-west cultural and legal ambiguities that impacted on the traders. The learning curve for both westerners and Japanese regarding the nature and application of western contracting law was predictably difficult, tortuous and open to constant misunderstanding. Nevertheless, it was within such a framework that the principal benchmarks for trade with Japan were set down and which, in essence, have lasted to the present day.

The book provides theoretical and empirical evidence on how world trade evolves, how trade affects resource allocation, how trade competition affects productivity, how China shock affects world trade and how trade affects large and small countries. It is a useful reference which focuses on new approaches to international trade by looking into country-specific as well as firm-product level-specific cases. "The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/10.4324/9781351061544, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license."

This title was first published in 2000: An investigation of the issue of financial markets interdependence or integration through the application of recently developed and powerful techniques in time series econometrics. The text provides coverage of theoretical analysis and applications in the context of the Asia-Pacific region.

The Indian Ocean, used and travelled by humans for over 5000 years, is by far the 'oldest' sea in history. In this stimulating and authoritative overview, Michael Pearson reverses the traditional angle of maritime history and looks from the sea to its shores - its impact on the land through trade, naval power, travel and scientific exploration. This vast ocean, both connecting and separating nations, has shaped many countries' cultures and ideologies through the movement of goods, people, ideas and religions across the sea. The Indian Ocean moves from a discussion of physical elements, its shape, winds, currents and boundaries, to a history from pre-Islamic times to the modern period of |European dominance. Going far beyond pure maritime history, this compelling survey is an invaluable addition to political, cultural and economic world history.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203414136

The Arms Industry is an area that is of huge concern to many people around the world. The economics of this hugely important industry are a vital strand that needs to be understood.
This volume brings together contributors from all over the globe, such as Todd Sandler and Keith Hartley, and focuses on the important issues surrounding the Arms Trade such as:
*the determinants of US military expenditure
*alliance formation and expansion
*new challenges to export controls
This well-rounded, comprehensive book will be of huge interest to students and academics with involved in the economics of defence, as well as more general studies of the defence industry. The book will also be an invaluable read for those with an interest in the Arms Industry such as policy-makers and corporate managers.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203477162

There are competing theories to explain the reasons behind the international competitiveness of manufacturing in Asia. Analysing these different theories will bring important lessons, not just for Asia, but for developing economies the world over.
This lucid book studies industries and firms in East Asia and examines the major determinants of their economic performance. With contributions from such leading thinkers as Ha-Joon Chang and Rajah Rasiah, the book covers such themes as:
*industrial policy and East Asia
*Taiwan's information technology industry
*The role of the government in technological capability building
Manufacturing Competitiveness in Asia touches on many important themes and issues and as such will be of great interest to students, academics and policy-makers involved in industrial economics, international trade and Asian studies.

On December 11th 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). China and the Long March to Global Trade examines the prolonged negotiations leading up to this historic event.
This edited collection assumes little prior knowledge of the Chinese accession process yet provides an in-depth examination of the related issues. It is therefore suitable for both those who require an introduction to the field and those with an existing interest in China and the World Trade Organization.

This book, first published in 1989, compares, contrasts and evaluates the nature, scale and direction of industry-academic interactions in Britain and Japan: the conversion of academic discoveries into practical products. Japan shows its outstanding ability to translate scientific ideas into high technology products. Within this wider investigation, detailed consideration is given to the manner in which these interactions promote innovation and technology transfer. The information in this study provides a perspective against which decisions can be made about industry-education interaction arrangements, and much of this information is largely unavailable outside Japan.

The Mediterranean sea is set to achieve the highest volume of shipping trade in the world in the 21st century. This anticipated expansion will be due in part to the growth of the AsiaEurope trade corridor, complemented by the proposed Suez Canal enlargement. The Catalan ports of Barcelona, Valencia and Tarragona Catalan offer the most efficient and cost-effective port entrance to the Mediterranean, and are poised to gain ascendancy over other European ports offering similar services. Economists and business leaders predict that Asia will become the main industrial platform of the world and Europe will become the main purchasing market of the world. Such forecasts seem to be on track given that in 2008 the ports of Barcelona and Valencia surpassed the container traffic (measured in TEUs) of the French port of Marseille and the Italian port of Genoa, and this for the first time ever. Only Catalonia has modern important industrial bases near to the port areas in the Mediterranean sea (this is not the case for Marseille, Genoa or Algeciras); Catalan ports are thus able to add value to semi-manufactured goods imported from the emerging economies in Asia, Africa and South America. It is anticipated that Catalan ports will play a similar role to the Flemish and Dutch ports, which in the twentieth century were at the forefront of the expansion of trade across the Atlantic ocean. Under these circumstances it is not surprising that global logistic operators rate Barcelona as the dominant and most important entrance port for Asian and African trade with Europe in the Mediterranean sea. Published in association with the Canada Blanch Centre for Contemporary Spanish Studies.

The study, first published in 1981, traces the history and development of Japanese business from the seventeenth century, and is the only text that systematically treats the rise of Japanese business in its full complexity and against the background of contemporary social and political conditions. Each section discusses the socio-economic conditions, the leadership and business elites, the internal and external structures and the impact of values. The emergence of new types of businessmen, their ideas and approaches, their relations to the government, their handling of labour problems are all analysed. One of the most intriguing aspects of this study is the unique importance of Japanese values, their tenacious persistence and uncanny flexibility and resilience. The strengths and weaknesses of these values are examined in detail.

The concept of 'good governance' is of increasing importance, and is used by international organizations to ensure reasonable conformity to high standards in states which participate in the global trading regime and other international activities. This book examines the concept of good governance and how it is applied in the states of the Gulf Co-operation Council. These states are particularly important because of their strategic location and massive oil wealth. Moreover, as monarchies, in most cases without powerful democratic representative bodies, and as Islamic countries, with a different outlook from countries of the West, Western standards of good governance may need to be modified in order for them to be implemented effectively.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203220838

In 1953, John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson shook the foundations of imperial history with their essay 'The Imperialism of Free Trade'. They reshaped how historians saw the British empire, focussing not on the 'red bits on the map' and the wishes of policy makers in London, but rather on British economic and political influence globally. Expanding on this analysis, this volume provides an examination of imperialism which brings the reader right up to the present. This book offers an innovative assessment and analysis of the history and contemporary status of imperial control. It does so in four parts, examining the historical emergence and traditions of imperialism; the relationships between the periphery and the metropolitan; the role of supranational agencies in the extension of imperial control; and how these connect to financialisation and international political economy. The book provides a dynamic and unique perspective on imperialism by bringing together a range of contributors - both established and up-and-coming scholars, activists, and those from industry - from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds. In providing these authors a space to apply their insights, this engaging volume sheds light on the practical implications of imperialism for the contemporary world. With a broad chronological and geographical sweep, this book provides theoretical and empirical engagements with the nature of imperialism and its effects upon societies. It will be of great interest to a broad range of disciplines across the humanities and social sciences, especially those working in History, Politics, and Management and Organisation Studies.

The effect of US protectionist policy on stock prices of firms in the US and abroad is still an open question. This book, first published in 1996, investigates the effects of trade restrictions at the level of the individual firm, focusing on US, Taiwan and South Korea.

Economic success in Japan has been attributed to the existence of harmonious labour-management relations. This book, first published in 1991, argues that this unique 'culture of harmony' was consciously invented and developed over the last century. A semi-bureaucratic organization called the Kyochokai was established in 1919 to meet the needs of an emerging industrial society. It took the lead in trying to define the values which would be suitable for a new Japanese-style industrial culture. The resulting 'invented' tradition has played an important role in the evolution and character of Japanese economic values and behaviour.