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Books > Science & Mathematics > Mathematics > Geometry > Non-Euclidean geometry
The secrets of life and the Universe revealed...
Living with Geometry is about how civilization has been using and
abusing Geometry and other related scientific subject areas for our
finite needs in the physical, material plane for ages gone by, and
how we must now turn to the natural world, learn from it and employ
the ancient and trusted sciences of a wondrous yesteryear to carry
on in future, in order for the human spirit to be freed from its
material confines, and how the physical environment can be saved
along with us.
It is about what went missing, what went wrong, and what we need to
learn about, in order to deal with the problem. The project became
literally, "A Survey for the Truth."
Visualize hypercheckers and hyperchess in the 4th dimension, rotate
a Rubik's hypercube, stack tesseracts together to build a
hyperpyramid or a hypercross, view a hypertable with hyperchairs,
climb hyperstairs, open the hyperdoor to a hyperhouse, watch
hypertelevision, read a hyperbook, arrange glomes in a 4D lattice
structure to create hypercrystals, stack hyperfruits at a
hypersupermarket, record the position of a hyperstar with
hypercelestial coordinates, make a hypermap using hypercompass
directions, watch a spinning hyperplanet with tilt revolve around a
hypersun, see a sample alphanumeric system for writing and
arithmetic in 4D space, line up a shot on a hyperbilliards table,
enjoy hyperbowling or hypertennis, and contemplate an object's
reflection from a hyperplanar or hyperspherical mirror - all on
this colorful journey through the fourth dimension. Each page
consists of colorful images of four-dimensional objects with a
paragraph caption describing the figures at the bottom.
These full-color illustrations on 8"x10" pages are at once
aesthetically captivating and instructive. Each page consists of
colorful images of tesseracts (4D hypercubes) or glomes (4D
hyperspheres) with a paragraph caption describing the figures at
the bottom. Color is used effectively to show how to visualize the
features of tesseracts and glomes, how to draw tesseracts in
perspective, how a tesseract unfolds, how the features of
tesseracts and glomes change as they rotate, how to find the
intersection of a tesseract or glome with a hyperplane, how
hyperspherical coordinates are defined, how to understand
hypercompass directions, and how to draw longitudes,
hyperlatitudes, and latitudes. Rectangular hyperboxes and a
hyperellipsoid are also shown. Subsequent volumes of this series
will build upon these fundamental 4D objects to help you imagine
features of a 4D world such as a hyperchair, a hypercross, a
hyperpyramid, a hyperhouse, crystal structures, and simple
hypermachines.
AUTHOR: Chris McMullen earned his Ph.D. in particle physics from
Oklahoma State University. Dr. McMullen currently teaches physics
at Northwestern State University of Louisiana. His background on
the geometry and physics of a possible fourth dimension of space
includes a half-dozen research papers on the prospects of
discovering large extra dimensions at the Large Hadron
Collider.DESCRIPTION: This book takes you on a visual tour of a
fourth dimension of space. It is much more visual and conceptual
than algebraic, yet it is detailed and technical, with the
intention of satisfying the needs of mathematically-minded readers
familiar with the fundamentals of algebra, geometry, and graphing.
Here is a sample of what you will find: A fascinating tour of the
second and lower dimensions, which will help to understand the
fourth dimension by analogy.A chapter dedicated toward imagining
what it might be like to live in a hypothetical 4D hyperuniverse.
This includes details like 4D wheels with axles, a 4D staircase,
and a 4D room.Pictures of flat 4D objects called polytopes, like
the tesseract, pentachoron, and icositetrachoron. A unique graph of
a hecatonicosachoron has 12 of its 120 bounding dodecahedra
highlighted to help visualize its complicated structure.In-depth
discussion of the hypercube, including numerical patterns,
rotations, cross sections, and perspective. Watch a tesseract
unfold.Visual intersections of 15 pairs of perpendicular planes and
6 pairs of orthogonal hyperplanes in 4D space.Unique graphs of
curved hypersurfaces in 4D space, like the glome, spherinder,
cubinder, and hyperparaboloid.PUZZLES: Several puzzles are included
to challenge the reader to contemplate the fourth dimension.
Answers are included at the back of the book.AUDIENCE: This book is
highly visual and very conceptual such that anyone with an
appreciation for geometry may understand it, while at the same time
including ample detail to also satisfy readers with a strong
background in mathematics.
Bertrand Russell was a prolific writer, revolutionizing philosophy
and doing extensive work in the study of logic. This, his first
book on mathematics, was originally published in 1897 and later
rejected by the author himself because it was unable to support
Einstein's work in physics. This evolution makes An Essay on the
Foundations of Geometry invaluable in understanding the progression
of Russell's philosophical thinking. Despite his rejection of it,
Essays continues to be a great work in logic and history, providing
readers with an explanation for how Euclidean geometry was replaced
by more advanced forms of math. British philosopher and
mathematician BERTRAND ARTHUR WILLIAM RUSSELL (1872-1970) won the
Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Among his many works are Why I
Am Not a Christian (1927), Power: A New Social Analysis (1938), and
My Philosophical Development (1959).
An Unabridged Printing, To Include All Exercises: Foundations -
Elementary Theorems On Order - The Affine Group In The Plane -
Euclidean Plane Geometry - Ordinal And Metric Properties Of Conics
- Inversion Geometry And Related Topics - Comprehensive Index
This is the definitive presentation of the history, development
and philosophical significance of non-Euclidean geometry as well as
of the rigorous foundations for it and for elementary Euclidean
geometry, essentially according to Hilbert. Appropriate for liberal
arts students, prospective high school teachers, math. majors, and
even bright high school students. The first eight chapters are
mostly accessible to any educated reader; the last two chapters and
the two appendices contain more advanced material, such as the
classification of motions, hyperbolic trigonometry, hyperbolic
constructions, classification of Hilbert planes and an introduction
to Riemannian geometry.
"Lobachevsky believed that another form of geometry existed, a
non-Euclidean geometry, and this 1840 treatise is his argument on
its behalf. Line by line in this classic work he carefully presents
a new and revolutionary theory of parallels, one that allows for
all of Euclids axioms, except for the last. This 1891 translation
includes a bibliography and translator George B. Halsteds essay on
elliptic geometry. Russian mathematician NICHOLAS LOBACHEVSKY
(17921856) is best remembered as the founder (along with Janos
Bolyai) of non-Euclidean geometry. He is also the author of New
Foundations of Geometry (18351838) and Pangeometry (1855)."
This treatise, by one of Russia's leading mathematicians, gives in
easily accessible form a coherent account of matrix theory with a
view to applications in mathematics, theoretical physics,
statistics, electrical engineering, etc. The individual chapters
have been kept as far as possible independent of each other, so
that the reader acquainted with the contents of Chapter 1 can
proceed immediately to the chapters of special interest. Until now,
much of the material has been available only in the periodical
literature.
The name non-Euclidean was used by Gauss to describe a system of
geometry which differs from Euclid's in its properties of
parallelism. Such a system was developed independently by Bolyai in
Hungary and Lobatschewsky in Russia, about 120 years ago. Another
system, differing more radically from Euclid's, was suggested later
by Riemann in Germany and Cayley in England. The subject was
unified in 1871 by Klein, who gave the names of parabolic,
hyperbolic, and elliptic to the respective systems of
Euclid-Bolyai-Lobatschewsky, and Riemann-Cayley. Since then, a vast
literature has accumulated. The Fifth edition adds a new chapter,
which includes a description of the two families of 'mid-lines'
between two given lines, an elementary derivation of the basic
formulae of spherical trigonometry and hyperbolic trigonometry, a
computation of the Gaussian curvature of the elliptic and
hyperbolic planes, and a proof of Schlafli's remarkable formula for
the differential of the volume of a tetrahedron.
This is the first book on analytic hyperbolic geometry, fully
analogous to analytic Euclidean geometry. Analytic hyperbolic
geometry regulates relativistic mechanics just as analytic
Euclidean geometry regulates classical mechanics. The book presents
a novel gyrovector space approach to analytic hyperbolic geometry,
fully analogous to the well-known vector space approach to
Euclidean geometry. A gyrovector is a hyperbolic vector.
Gyrovectors are equivalence classes of directed gyrosegments that
add according to the gyroparallelogram law just as vectors are
equivalence classes of directed segments that add according to the
parallelogram law. In the resulting "gyrolanguage" of the book one
attaches the prefix "gyro" to a classical term to mean the
analogous term in hyperbolic geometry. The prefix stems from Thomas
gyration, which is the mathematical abstraction of the relativistic
effect known as Thomas precession. Gyrolanguage turns out to be the
language one needs to articulate novel analogies that the classical
and the modern in this book share.The scope of analytic hyperbolic
geometry that the book presents is cross-disciplinary, involving
nonassociative algebra, geometry and physics. As such, it is
naturally compatible with the special theory of relativity and,
particularly, with the nonassociativity of Einstein velocity
addition law. Along with analogies with classical results that the
book emphasizes, there are remarkable disanalogies as well. Thus,
for instance, unlike Euclidean triangles, the sides of a hyperbolic
triangle are uniquely determined by its hyperbolic angles. Elegant
formulas for calculating the hyperbolic side-lengths of a
hyperbolic triangle in terms of its hyperbolic angles are presented
in the book.The book begins with the definition of gyrogroups,
which is fully analogous to the definition of groups. Gyrogroups,
both gyrocommutative and non-gyrocommutative, abound in group
theory. Surprisingly, the seemingly structureless Einstein velocity
addition of special relativity turns out to be a gyrocommutative
gyrogroup operation. Introducing scalar multiplication, some
gyrocommutative gyrogroups of gyrovectors become gyrovector spaces.
The latter, in turn, form the setting for analytic hyperbolic
geometry just as vector spaces form the setting for analytic
Euclidean geometry. By hybrid techniques of differential geometry
and gyrovector spaces, it is shown that Einstein (Moebius)
gyrovector spaces form the setting for Beltrami-Klein (Poincare)
ball models of hyperbolic geometry. Finally, novel applications of
Moebius gyrovector spaces in quantum computation, and of Einstein
gyrovector spaces in special relativity, are presented.
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