Singapore might not have survived the 1960s and prospered thereafter had it not built its economy on the foundations of oil refining, trading and support for oil and gas exploration and production. Cheap oil, sound policies and strong government combined to produce the Singapore economic miracle in its first 50 years of self-rule/independence. With the end of cheap oil, how will Singapore fare and what is the relevance of its model of development for other countries?

Singapore 's successful launch coincided with a golden period of cheap energy, and a pro-globalization and free trade environment. These three elements are now under threat from rising energy prices and the global financial crisis which started in 2007 that will leave a lasting impact on the world's political and economic landscape.

If the Singapore model is reaching or has reached its peak, what could take its place? This book poses questions for not just for Singapore planners, but also for anyone interested in modern economics and trade beyond the current era. The book also looks into the numerous subsectors within Singapore 's broad energy sector and examines the energy sector 's links with the other pillars of its economy: trade, financial, offshore/marine operations, manufacturing and transportation. It considers possible threats and challenges: Singapore 's rising energy intensity, its vulnerability to energy supply cut-offs, the likely impact of peak oil, terrorism and environmental / climate issues. It also looks at China 's growing investment and role in Singapore 's oil and gas industry. The book is a must-read for an excellent insight into Singapore 's energy economy, filled with data, information, interviews and analyses previously not available to the public.

This book considers the problem of determining how many barrels of crude oil an oil-producing and exporting country should produce annually for export along with several other important problems that decision-makers in the crude oil industry face and discusses procedures for finding optimum solutions for them. It considers the important Objective Functions they need in making these critical decisions, and discusses procedures to find the best solutions. Outputs from the treatment units, in an oil refinery are only semi-finished products; these are blended into finished products like gasoline, diesel oil, etc., meeting various specifications that the marketplace demands. The book discusses models for solving these problems optimally with examples.

Nigeria, Africa's most populous and biggest democracy, celebrates her fiftieth year as an independent nation in October 2010. As the cliche states, 'As Nigeria goes, so goes Africa'. This book frames the socio-historical and political trajectory of Nigeria while examining the many dimensions of the critical choices that she has made as an independent nation. How does the social composition of interest and power illuminate the actualities and narratives of the Nigerian crisis? How have the choices made by Nigerian leaders structured, and/or have been structured by, the character of the Nigerian state and state-society relations? In what ways is Nigeria's mono-product, debt-ridden, dependent economy fed by 'the politics of plunder'? And what are the implications of these questions for the structural relationships of production, reproduction and consumption? This book confronts these questions by making state-centric approaches to understanding African countries speak to relevant social theories that pluralize and complicate our understanding of the specific challenges of a prototypical postcolonial state. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Contemporary African Studies.

Since the beginnings of the oil industry, production activity has been governed by the 'law of capture,' dictating that one owns the oil recovered from one's property even if it has migrated from under neighboring land. This 'finders keepers' principle has been excoriated by foreign critics as a 'law of the jungle' and identified by American commentators as the root cause of the enormous waste of oil and gas resulting from US production methods in the first half of the twentieth century. Yet while in almost every other country the law of capture is today of marginal significance, it continues in full vigour in the United States, with potentially wasteful results. In this richly documented account, Terence Daintith adopts a historical and comparative perspective to show how legal rules, technical knowledge (or the lack of it) and political ideas combined to shape attitudes and behavior in the business of oil production, leading to the original adoption of the law of capture, its consolidation in the United States, and its marginalization elsewhere.

The petroleum and chemical industries contain a wide variety of corrosive environments, many of which are unique to these industries. Oil and gas production operations consume a tremendous amount of iron and steel pipe, tubing, pumps, valves, and sucker rods. Metallic corrosion is costly. However, the cost of corrosion is not just financial. Beyond the huge direct outlay of funds to repair or replace corroded structures are the indirect costs natural resources, potential hazards, and lost opportunity. Wasting natural resources is a direct contradiction to the growing need for sustainable development. By selecting the correct material and applying proper corrosion protection methods, these costs can be reduced, or even eliminated. This book provides a minimum design requirement for consideration when designing systems in order to prevent or control corrosion damage safely and economically, and addresses: Corrosion problems in petroleum and chemical industries Requirements for corrosion control Chemical control of corrosive environments Corrosion inhibitors in refineries and petrochemical plants Materials selection and service life of materials Surface preparation, protection and maintainability Corrosion monitoring - plant inspection techniques and laboratory corrosion testing techniques Intended for engineers and industry personnel working in the petroleum and chemical industries, this book is also a valuable resource for research and development teams, safety engineers, corrosion specialists and researchers in chemical engineering, engineering and materials science.

This book presents a critical analysis of how oil and gas exploitation - with huge negative impacts on environment, development, and human security - has constructed a disturbing terrain of civil agitation, state repression, violent conflicts, and insecurity within Nigeria. Drawing on the nature and content of public policy and corporate social responsibility practices, the book interrogates the conflicts' communal and regional dimensions in terms of causality, dynamics, and interventions. In presenting strategies and mechanisms for resolving the diverse dimensions of the resource conflicts, it charts the way towards sustainable development and conflict transformation - two issues which would remain germane to the resource conflict resolution discourse in the specific case of the Niger Delta and beyond. (Series: Politics and Economics in Africa - Vol. 7)

Since 1961 the Adelphi Papers have provided some of the most informed accounts of international and strategic relations. Produced by the world renowned International Institute of Strategic Studies, each paper provides a short account of a subject of topical interest by a leading military figure, policymaker or academic.

Some of the trades covered in the book are well known but most are only known to a small group or to market specialists. The ability to 'see into' actual trades offers a fascinating and unprecedented insight for those interested in the oil markets and gives the book broad appeal. The book can be used as an educational reference work by market participants and as a more general guide to how the crude oil market operates and the strategies that traders employ. There are very academic books about the theory of trading but nothing that directly covers real-life examples of innovative and winning trades, each of which illuminate a different aspect of trading or a different era in the oil markets. The presentation of each individual trade has been designed so that they can be used as case studies by business schools.

For the largest oil companies - referred to as Big Oil - branding and brand management are complex, due to the historical negativity surrounding the original Big Oil company - Standard Oil. Even though today's largest oil companies, Exxon Mobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, and Chevron, have spent millions on improving their corporate brand image and reputation, negativity continues to surround these firms.Marketing Big Oil begins with an historical perspective looking at how Big Oil came to be through a series of monumental acquisitions, first through the breakup of Standard Oil in the late 19th century and then with the large mergers and acquisitions in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Robinson analyzes the marketing and corporate branding programs of these oil titans to demonstrate what does and doesn't work, and shows us how even the largest companies sometimes fail to get their message across. He explores the industry's use of social media, mobile e-commerce, advertising, app development, and more.

Any understanding of the complex politics of the post-Soviet Caucasus presupposes an understanding of the relationship between the transportation of Azerbaijan's oil, inter-state relations and ethnic conflicts. Energy and Security in the Caucasus is an ambitious new contribution to the debate revolving around the geo-politics of the Caucasus.

Series Information:
Harwood Fundamentals of Pure & Applied Economics

The petroleum industry is arguably the most influential and important industry in the world. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the economics of oil and natural gas extraction and production along with a detailed discussion of pricing, taxing, and markets of these most valuable commodities.

The optimization of the time profile of revenues from individual fields is discussed along with the development of oil pricing, tax systems, and oil and natural gas regulation. This book will be of great value to petroleum engineers, students in business and economics, policy makers, and anyone else interested in the future of petroleum production.

An analysis of the condition of the oil industry at the start of the 21st century. It demonstrates that the chief concern of the industry over the next couple of decades will not be its availability but its acceptability. Having dominated the 20th century, playing a crucial role in industrial development, oil now faces an unprecedented series of challenges: as a major polluter, it faces competition from other energy sources - gas and renewables - and ever more stringent regulation and control, with higher taxes. Faced with these pressures, the oil companies are repositioning themselves as energy industries - and oil is certain to have a diminishing share in their portfolio of fuels.;The implications are enormous, given the current dependence on oil of so much industry and government revenue. This book should be useful to all those involved with oil, from industry professionals to competitors, commentators, investors, managers, politicians and regulators, as well as more general readers.

The Political Economy of Venezuelan Oil describes the historic role of multinationals in establishing the oil industry there and the resulting coordination of an integrated, nationalized industry. Randall posits that the nationalization of the Venezuelan oil industry was strikingly different from that in Brazil and Mexico. Besides giving a detailed description of the structure and management of this industry, she also provides a history of labor conditions and an analysis of the impact of the oil industry on Venezuela's overall economy.

'Fascinating revelations' Max Hastings, Sunday Times 'An immensely valuable guide to a great and terrible industry' The Economist 'The book I have long been waiting for... Essential reading' Michael Klare Petroleum has always been used by humans: as an adhesive by Neanderthals, as a waterproofing agent in Noah's Ark and as a weapon during the Crusades. Its eventual extraction from the earth in vast quantities transformed light, heat and power. A Pipeline Runs Through It is a fresh, in-depth look at the social, economic, and geopolitical forces involved in our transition to the modern oil age. It tells an extraordinary origin story, from the pre-industrial history of petroleum through to large-scale production in the mid-nineteenth century and the development of a dominant, fully-fledged oil industry by the early twentieth century. This was always a story of imperialist violence, economic exploitation and environmental destruction. The near total eradication of the Native Americans of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio has barely been mentioned as a precondition for the emergence of the first oil region in the United States. The growth of Royal Dutch-Shell involved the genocidal subjugation of people of the Dutch East Indies and the exploitation of oil in the Middle East arose seamlessly out of Britain's prior political and military interventions in the region. Finally, in an entirely new analysis, the book shows how the British navy's increasingly desperate dependence on vulnerable foreign sources of oil may have been a catalytic ingredient in the outbreak of the First World War. The rise of oil has shaped the modern world, and this is the book to understand it.

This book covers execution of mega industrial projects especially in oil and gas industries covering engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning and performance testing. It enumerates various tasks and deliverables under each discipline and sub-disciplines to define the detailed scope of work, supplies and services, as per level III of Prima Vera Schedule developed from the contract-based schedule. It gives an overall idea of how a project rolls out from commencement date to initial acceptance and executed practically with total contractor's scope of work broken down into tasks/activities at level III platform, while highlighting that support for fool proof project execution.

This book provides an alternative approach to analyzing Western Europe's much-debated dependence on Russian natural gas. The actual and potential consequences of this dependence have in recent years become a growing concern both in individual importing countries and at the level of the European Union. Russian gas exports have come to decisively influence EU-Russia relations and there is nowadays hardly any aspect of these relations that can be discussed without, directly or indirectly, taking into account natural gas. But despite the central importance of Russian natural gas exports in present-day European and Russian affairs, little attention has been paid to the political and economic decisions that - starting in the late 1960s - paved the way for large-scale imports of Russian gas. Applying a systems and risk perspective on international energy relations, author Per Hogselius investigates how and why governments, businesses, engineers and other actors sought to promote - and oppose- the establishment of an extensive East-West natural gas regime that seemed to overthrow the fundamental logic of the Cold War.

A study of Britain's imperial policy in the Middle East over oil, finance and defence. This book brings together different accounts of British policy in the early 20th century, particularly in the Ottoman Empire, to reflect a consistent pattern of preoccupation, policy-making and diplomacy.

Until as recently as the late 1970s, the main channel for oil distribution was the integrated system of the major oil companies, while the volume of spot trading was limited to roughly 5 percent of the total oil trade. Today, spot and spot-related deals account for 80 to 85 percent of internationally traded petroleum, and have ushered in a new era of petroleum trading. In this work, Hossein Razavi and Fereidun Fesharaki offer a detailed study of the workings and issues surrounding today's oil trading market as they apply to all parties involved in the production, distribution, and consumption of petroleum. They provide a complete description of petroleum spot markets, futures, and options trading, and their interlinkages with contract sales.

Razavi and Fesharaki cover a wide range of topics, and challenge the generally accepted view that spot and futures trading have wrested the power of price setting away from OPEC. They claim that prices are still determined by supply, which OPEC continues to influence. The book is divided into four sections, beginning with an overview of recent developments in spot, futures, and contract trading. Section two provides an analysis of spot and spot-related deals, while the third section describes the mechanics, organization, and evolution of petroleum futures markets and options trading. The work concludes with an in-depth section on interlinkages, examining the interactions among various segments of the market, including spot and futures trading, petroleum stock building, and OPEC. This book will be a valuable resource tool for libraries as well as a wide range of users, from oil industry professionals and financial analysts to students of energy-related topics.

Today, raw data on any industry is widely available. With the help of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), this data can be used to gain meaningful insights. In addition, as data is the new raw material for today's world, AI and ML will be applied in every industrial sector. Industry 4.0 mainly focuses on the automation of things. From that perspective, the oil and gas industry is one of the largest industries in terms of economy and energy. Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in the Petroleum Industry analyzes the use of AI and ML in the oil and gas industry across all three sectors, namely upstream, midstream, and downstream. It covers every aspect of the petroleum industry as related to the application of AI and ML, ranging from exploration, data management, extraction, processing, real-time data analysis, monitoring, cloud-based connectivity system, and conditions analysis, to the final delivery of the product to the end customer, while taking into account the incorporation of the safety measures for a better operation and the efficient and effective execution of operations. This book explores the variety of applications that can be integrated to support the existing petroleum and adjacent sectors to solve industry problems. It will serve as a useful guide for professionals working in the petroleum industry, industrial engineers, AI and ML experts and researchers, as well as students.

This detailed study presents an accessible examination of how upstream petroleum activities are regulated in developed and developing petroleum countries. It includes a particular focus on the granting of access to petroleum resources, and incorporates a thorough consideration of the concept of Lex Petrolea. Different countries utilize a variety of legal models for regulating the exploitation of petroleum resources and two internationally recognized systems of managing natural resources are salient: concessionary systems and contractual systems. Expert contributors provide a detailed and insightful overview of the licensing and concession system that is used to award access to petroleum in many countries. They address topics such as auctions and work program bidding, and consider contexts such as offshore petroleum and the Russian system. The book considers the international nature of petroleum, alongside how licenses are granted under the bid and discretionary system. It includes a comparative analysis of the award of licenses in the countries discussed. This discerning and comprehensive work will be a useful entry point for students embarking study in petroleum law. Academics will find this timely examination to be an indispensable overview of upstream operations. Practitioners will find this book an illustrative review of the origins of issues surrounding regulatory frameworks in managing natural resources. Contributors: S.W. Amaduobogha, O.L. Anderson, K. Fletcher-Johnson, G. Gordon, T. Hunter, A. Kompaniets, S. Kozuka, C. Kulander, E. Nordtveit, J. Paterson, E.G. Pereira, K. Svendsen, A. Wawryk

***BUSINESS BOOK AWARDS 2022 SHORTLISTED TITLE*** An insider's view of the challenges that big businesses face in the developing world: the opportunities, pitfalls, political and personal challenges involved. Babs Omotowa has spent his life rejecting the status quo. His own career disproves the unthinking perception that Africans underperform in global businesses, and his insistence that issues such as community development, corruption, transparency and pollution belong on the corporate agenda alongside financial targets has helped big businesses to revolutionize their approach in the developing world. The remarkable story of 'Hurricane Babs' - from storeroom keeper to global VP - showcases the issues that big businesses face in developing countries and reveals how multinational companies and leaders can best navigate these challenges: with integrity and courage.

This is the first book in the petroleum sector to shed light on the real obstacles to sustainable development and provides solutions to each problem encountered. Each solution is complete with an economic analysis that clarifies why petroleum operations can continue with even greater profit than before while ensuring that the negative environmental impact is diminished. The new screening tools and models proposed in this book will provide one with proper guidelines to achieve true sustainability in both technology development and management of the petroleum sector.

Long-term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development contains 14 chapters by different authors which focus on the US.

From the hill country in the north to the marshy lowlands in the south, Louisiana and its citizens have long enjoyed the hard-earned fruits of the oil and gas industry's labor. Economic prosperity flowed from pioneering exploration as the industry heralded engineering achievements and innovative production technologies. Those successes, however, often came at the expense of other natural resources, leading to contamination and degradation of land and water. In A Thousand Ways Denied, John T. Arnold documents the oil industry's sharp interface with Louisiana's environment. Drawing on government, corporate, and personal files, many previously untapped, he traces the history of oil-field practices and their ecological impacts in tandem with battles over regulation. Arnold reveals that in the early twentieth century, Louisiana helped lead the nation in conservation policy, instituting some of the first programs to sustain its vast wealth of natural resources. But with the proliferation of oil output, government agencies splintered between those promoting production and others committed to preventing pollution. As oil's economic and political strength grew, regulations commonly went unobserved and unenforced. Over the decades, oil, saltwater, and chemicals flowed across the ground, through natural drainages, and down waterways. Fish and wildlife fled their habitats, and drinking-water supplies were ruined. In the wetlands, drilling facilities sat like factories in the midst of a maze of interconnected canals dredged to support exploration, manufacture, and transportation of oil and gas. In later years, debates raged over the contribution of these activities to coastal land loss. Oil is an inseparable part of Louisiana's culture and politics, Arnold asserts, but the state's original vision for safeguarding its natural resources has become compromised. He urges a return to those foundational conservation principles. Otherwise, Louisiana risks the loss of viable uses of its land and, in some places, its very way of life.