Drug Discovery with Privileged Building Blocks traces back PharmaBlock's founding philosophy of designing privileged building blocks. High-quality building blocks are crucial not only to biological activities of different molecules but also to ADMET properties, which eventually will impact the success rate of drug discovery projects. A thorough study of how building blocks perform in drug molecules and a regular analysis of new building block structures in the latest researches have proven to be a fruitful strategy to generate novel building blocks. Using this strategy, PharmaBlock has supplied the drug industry with a great number of building blocks, which are increasingly being adopted by drug hunters, and these are identified in this book. Each chapter may be read and studied without learning the previous chapters. This book will be a good starting point for novice medicinal chemists, and veteran medicinal chemists will find it useful as well. Key Feature The book covers privileged building blocks appearing most frequently on patents for novel drugs. The latest relevant tactics are explained in the context of drug design and medicinal chemistry. Key synthesis, especially large-scale synthesis, is described. The most recent literature references are cited.

This second edition details some of the recent trends in HCS/HCA/HCI. New and updated chapters guide readers through methods that utilize reagents and kits that have been developed to measure cells and subpopulation classifications, control measures, overviews of the data handling issues associated with HCS/HCA/HCI, and methods to implement more complex phenotypic models. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, High Content Screening and Analysis-The Ideal Format for Phenotypic Screening: A Powerful Approach to Systems Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Second Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This book covers recent advances of the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, consisting of 5 parts and a total of 30 chapters written by FMO experts. The FMO method is a promising way to calculate large-scale molecular systems such as proteins in a quantum mechanical framework. The highly efficient parallelism deserves being considered the principal advantage of FMO calculations. Additionally, the FMO method can be employed as an analysis tool by using the inter-fragment (pairwise) interaction energies, among others, and this feature has been utilized well in biophysical and pharmaceutical chemistry. In recent years, the methodological developments of FMO have been remarkable, and both reliability and applicability have been enhanced, in particular, for non-bio problems. The current trend of the parallel computing facility is of the many-core type, and adaptation to modern computer environments has been explored as well. In this book, a historical review of FMO and comparison to other methods are provided in Part I (two chapters) and major FMO programs (GAMESS-US, ABINIT-MP, PAICS and OpenFMO) are described in Part II (four chapters). dedicated to pharmaceutical activities (twelve chapters). A variety of new applications with methodological breakthroughs are introduced in Part IV (six chapters). Finally, computer and information science-oriented topics including massively parallel computation and machine learning are addressed in Part V (six chapters). Many color figures and illustrations are included. Readers can refer to this book in its entirety as a practical textbook of the FMO method or read only the chapters of greatest interest to them.

Ocimum species has been used as a traditional remedy for various ailments such as arthritis, bronchitis, cold, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysentery, and flatulence, as well as for healing wounds and lowering blood glucose level. These are characterized by variations in their morphology such as the shape, size and pigmentation of leaves, which cause differences in chemical composition and affect the commercial value of this genus. This book describes phytochemical investigations of Ocimum species using LC-MS/MS instruments to study qualitative and quantitative variations of phytochemicals in different Ocimum species. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific analytical and pharmacological evidence of most important medicinal plants of genus Ocimum. Chemical signatures for the identification of Ocimum species. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of plants of Ocimum species and its herbal products.

The cost for bringing new medicine from discovery to market has nearly doubled in the last decade and has now reached $2.6 billion. There is an urgent need to make drug development less time-consuming and less costly. Innovative trial designs/ analyses such as the Bayesian approach are essential to meet this need. This book will be the first to provide comprehensive coverage of Bayesian applications across the span of drug development, from discovery, to clinical trial, to manufacturing with practical examples. This book will have a wide appeal to statisticians, scientists, and physicians working in drug development who are motivated to accelerate and streamline the drug development process, as well as students who aspire to work in this field. The advantages of this book are: Provides motivating, worked, practical case examples with easy to grasp models, technical details, and computational codes to run the analyses Balances practical examples with best practices on trial simulation and reporting, as well as regulatory perspectives Chapters written by authors who are individual contributors in their respective topics Dr. Mani Lakshminarayanan is a researcher and statistical consultant with more than 30 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. He has published over 50 articles, technical reports, and book chapters besides serving as a referee for several journals. He has a PhD in Statistics from Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Dr. Fanni Natanegara has over 15 years of pharmaceutical experience and is currently Principal Research Scientist and Group Leader for the Early Phase Neuroscience Statistics team at Eli Lilly and Company. She played a key role in the Advanced Analytics team to provide Bayesian education and statistical consultation at Eli Lilly. Dr. Natanegara is the chair of the cross industry-regulatory-academic DIA BSWG to ensure that Bayesian methods are appropriately utilized for design and analysis throughout the drug-development process.

This book provides insight into the world of pharmaceutical quality systems and the key elements that must be in place to change the business and organizational dynamics from task-oriented procedure-based cultures to truly integrated quality business systems that are self-detecting and correcting. Chapter flow has been changed to adopt a quality systems organization approach, and supporting chapters have been updated based on current hot topics including the impact of the worldwide supply chain complexity and current regulatory trends. Key Features: Presents insight into the world of pharmaceutical quality systems Analyzes regulatory trends and expectations Includes approaches and practices used in the industry to comply with regulatory requirements Discusses recent worldwide supply chain issues Delivers valuable information to a worldwide audience regarding the current GMP practices in the industry

This edited book comprises of eight chapters dealing on various aspects of pharmaceutical technology for delivery of natural products. Book chapters deal with the solubility and bioavailability enhancement technologies for natural products. Emphasis has also been given on the significance of delivery strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel, galantamine and tea constituents.

Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics provides an unprecedented, comprehensive overview of the phylogeny, botany, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of more than 100 plants used in the traditional medical systems of Asia and Pacific. It discusses their actions and potentials against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that represent a threat of epidemic and pandemic diseases, with an emphasis on the molecular basis and cellular pathways. This book presents scientific names, the botanical classification, traditional medicinal uses, active chemical constituents, and pharmacology. This volume is a critical reference for anyone involved in the discovery of lead molecules or phytopharmaceutical products for the prevention or treatment of pandemic viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. FEATURES Phylogenetic presentation of medicinal plants and a chemotaxonomical rationale of antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal actions Discusses the chemical structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and oral bioavailability of antimicrobial principles Introduces the molecular mechanism of natural products on viruses, bacteria, and fungi Contains a selection of botanical plates and useful bibliographic references This book is a useful research tool for postgraduates, academics, and the pharmaceutical, herbal, and nutrition industries. Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics includes commentary sections that invite further research and reflection on the fascinating and timely subject of the development of drugs and herbals from Asia-Pacific medicinal plants to safeguard humanity and other life forms against the forthcoming waves of viral, bacterial, or fungal pandemics. This book is an ideal reference text for medicinal plant enthusiasts.

Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics provides an unprecedented, comprehensive overview of the phylogeny, botany, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of more than 100 plants used in the traditional medical systems of Asia and Pacific. It discusses their actions and potentials against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that represent a threat of epidemic and pandemic diseases, with an emphasis on the molecular basis and cellular pathways. This book presents scientific names, the botanical classification, traditional medicinal uses, active chemical constituents, and pharmacology. This volume is a critical reference for anyone involved in the discovery of lead molecules or phytopharmaceutical products for the prevention or treatment of pandemic viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. FEATURES Phylogenetic presentation of medicinal plants and a chemotaxonomical rationale of antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal actions Discusses the chemical structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and oral bioavailability of antimicrobial principles Introduces the molecular mechanism of natural products on viruses, bacteria, and fungi Contains a selection of botanical plates and useful bibliographic references This book is a useful research tool for postgraduates, academics, and the pharmaceutical, herbal, and nutrition industries. Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics includes commentary sections that invite further research and reflection on the fascinating and timely subject of the development of drugs and herbals from Asia-Pacific medicinal plants to safeguard humanity and other life forms against the forthcoming waves of viral, bacterial, or fungal pandemics. This book is an ideal reference text for medicinal plant enthusiasts.

As the most common health-care intervention, prescription drug use shares the most important characteristics of the health-care system in the United States. When everything works well, it makes possible breathtakingly successful applications of science to the prevention and cure of human suffering. But everything doesn't always work well. Pharmaceutical Public Policy provides the understanding and framework required for effective organization, financing, and delivery of pharmaceutical products and services. It supplies an overview of the policy process as well as the roles of legislation and regulation in pharmaceutical policy. The book identifies the goals, objectives, and key policy issues of concern to stakeholders involved in the development of products, use of pharmaceuticals in healthcare, and administration of insurance programs by both the private and government sectors. Policy issues examined include the appropriateness of prescribing and patient adherence. Addressing questions of access, quality, and cost, the book considers the operation of the Affordable Care Act and Medicare Part D. It details the responsibilities of Federal providers of pharmaceutical care and private and public payers such as managed care organizations, pharmacy benefit managers, Medicare, and Medicaid. The book covers the policies and practices involved in promoting pharmaceutical products. It also considers pharmacoeconomics as a response to market failure. Finally, the book describes the market, the role of the manufacturer, drug shortages, and the responsibilities of the FDA. The book includes a Foreword by Jerry Avorn, MD, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; and Chief, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Woman's Hospital.

This new volume, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, Volume 1: Plant-Derived Polymers, presents some of the latest research on the applications of natural polymers in drug delivery and therapeutics for healthcare benefits. Polymers and their applications from several plants are discussed in depth, including tamarind gum, gum Arabic, natural carbohydrate polymer gum tragacanth, pectin, guar gum and its derivatives, locust bean gum, sterculia gum, okra gum, and others. The use of the polymers derived from plants as potential pharmaceutical excipients is expanding day by day because of their stability in the biological system, drug-releasing capability, drug-targeting abilities, as well as their bioavailability.

Recent research in science establishes a direct relation between human gut and skin. Several species of live microbes inhabit the human skin and intestines which far outnumbers the mammalian cells in the human body. Research interest of Nextgen scientists is focused on beneficially harnessing this microbial population to address skin disorders like acne, rosacea, eczema, premature aging, and skin cancer which are established to be a result of skin-microbiome dysbiosis. This volume highlights evidence-based endeavours of the scientific community in this sector. Currently there is no concrete literature which gives a detailed vision on the relationship between gut microbiota and skin related disorders. This volume is an attempt to put together available data in the area and demonstrate usefulness of probiotics as a new therapeutic option for management of these skin diseases which currently show poor prognosis, high cost of treatment and compromised quality of life of the patient.

Cassia is an indigenous plant in Africa, Latin America, Northern Australia and Southeast Asia. Several Cassia species are of high commercial and medicinal significance since they are used as spices and in traditional medicines. Currently plants from genus Cassia is in great demand due to their immense medicinal properties. Cassia species have various pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, hepatoprotective, antitumor, antifertility, antifungal, antioxidant, antileishmaniatic, antimicrobial, CNS and hypoglycaemic activitiy. Different class of compounds reported from Cassia species are anthraquinones, phenolics, flavonoids, chromenes, terpenes, proanthocyanidins, coumarins, chromones and lignans. The taxonomy and nomenclature of Cassia species are quite complex. It is very difficult to differentiate them due to their overlapping morphological characters and close similarities. This usually leads to misidentification and misinterpretation of the components. Features: Presents collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of most important medicinal plants of Cassia species Chemical signatures for identification of Cassia species Easy to use analytical procedure for quality control of Cassia species and its products.

Piper is the representative genus of family Piperaceae. Piper species are pan-tropical in distribution and found in both the hemispheres. As the king of all spices, black pepper, Piper nigrum, led to the global expeditions culminating in the discovery of India and the new world. Piper species have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, anti-hypertensive, antithyroid, antitumor activities and hepatoprotective properties. Botanical authentication of the plants of Piper species is difficult because of the morphological similarity among the species. This book describes ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode to study the quantitative variation of thirteen bioactive markers in different plant parts of ten Piper species. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of the most important medicinal plants of Piper species. Describes chemical signatures for identification of Piper species. Provides easy-to-use analytical procedure for quality control of Piper species and its products.

Several Phyllanthus species are widely used in traditional medicine and herbal formulation for the treatment of a variety of ailments such as flu, dropsy, diabetes, jaundice and bladder calculus. The medicinal properties of these species are due to the presence of lignans, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are the major lignans from Phyllanthus species having estrogenic properties that reduce toxicity and vascular tension, and protect hepatocytes. This book deals with the importance of separation techniques in screening of major lignans, flavonoids and terpenoids in Phyllanthus species using HPLC/UPLC coupled with mass spectrometric techniques. Features: Collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific evidence of important medicinal plants. Screening of major lignans, flavonoids and terpenoids in plant parts/whole plant extracts and their geographical variations in Phyllanthus amarus. Easy-to-use analytical procedure for the quality control of Phyllanthus and its products.

Drug repurposing is the development of existing drugs for new uses: given that 9 in 10 drugs that enter drug development are never marketed and therefore represent wasted effort, it is an attractive as well as inherently more efficient process. Three repurposed drugs can be brought to market for the same cost as one new chemical entity; and they can also be identified more quickly, an important benefit for patients whose diseases are progressing faster than therapeutic innovation. But repurposing also requires a fresh look at configuring pharmaceutical R&D, considering clinical, regulatory and patent issues much earlier than would otherwise be the case; a holistic gedanken experiment almost needs to be undertaken at the very start of any repurposing development. In addition to new ways of thinking, the discovery of repurposing opportunities can take advantage of artificial intelligence techniques to match the perfect new use for an existing drug. And while repurposing of medicines has been in the mind of every doctor since Hypocrates, modern clinical practice will simply have to adapt to new repurposing techniques in an age where the number of known diseases is increasing much faster than the healthcare dollars available.

Recent Advances in the Science of Cannabis describes progress in a variety of significant areas of cannabis science. This unique book covers topics in cultivation and secondary metabolites, aroma and chemotypes, cannabinoid structures, physiology and pharmacology, as well as the development of unique topical products. State-of-the-art analytical methods and instrumentation are covered, including current developments in mass spectrometry and chromatography, as well as microbial testing. Given the popularity of smoking and vaporizing cannabis, the chemistry of vaping cannabinoid and terpene concentrates is also presented, along with emerging regulatory issues. Key Features: A guide to emerging modern cannabis technology in a dynamic regulatory climate and appealing to both novices and specialists. Building upon pioneering studies of terpene and cannabinoid chemistry, this distinctive volume describes current best practices, technological breakthroughs and historical context. Written by researchers in industry and academia, a greater understanding of the risks of exposure to emissions from vaping or dabbing cannabis concentrates is provided here. A selection of the book content reviewing Thermal Degradation of Cannabinoids and Cannabis Terpenes has been included in "Hot 2021" RSC Advances.

Biotechnology in the Modern Medicinal System: Advances in Gene Therapy, Immunotherapy, and Targeted Drug Delivery presents an informative picture of the state-of-the-art research and development of actionable knowledge in medical biotechnology, specifically involving gene therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug delivery systems. The book includes novel approaches for therapy of various ailments and the real-world challenges and complexities of the current drug delivery methodologies and techniques. The volume helps to bridge the gap between academic research and real-time clinical applications and the needs of medical biotechnology methods. This edited book also provides a detailed application of medical biotechnology in drug discovery and the treatment of various deadly diseases. Chapters discuss targeted drug delivery to specific sites to avoid possible entry to non-targeted sites, minimizing adverse effects. The volume provides information about the roles of alternative routes of drug targeting, like intranasal and transdermal, resulting in improving patient compliance. Targeted drug delivery is explored for several health issues, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, malaria, and hemoglobin disorders. Also considered is the role of genes in various genetic diseases and gene therapy, and immunogene therapy as alternative approaches to conventional cancer therapy. Finally, the book investigates the important role of computers in biotechnology to accelerate research and development in the modern medicinal field for better and optimum results. Studies show that significant improvement has been observed in the development of a faster and less invasive diagnostic system for the treatment of diseases by utilizing both artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology. This valuable volume provides a wealth of information that will be valuable to scientists and researchers, faculty, and students.

Updating and expanding the scope of topics covered in the previous edition, Percutaneous Absorption: Drugs, Cosmetics, Mechanisms, Methods, Fifth Edition supplies new chapters on topics currently impacting the field including cutaneous metabolism, skin contamination, exposure to protein allergens, in vitro absorption methodology and the percutaneous absorption of chemical mixtures. Complete with studies on the role of the skin as a key portal of entry for chemicals into the body, this book serves as a detailed reference source for recent advances in the field, as well as an experimental guide for laboratory personnel. Key Features: Details in vivo and in vitro methods for measuring absorption, dermal decontamination, mechanisms of transdermal delivery, and the relationship of transepidermal water loss to percutaneous absorption Considers a range of mathematical models, the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients, the absorption of hair dyes, nanoparticles for drug delivery, and other novel methods of drug delivery Discusses topics including skin metabolism, the skin reservoir, and the effects of desquamation on absorption

The history of patent harmonization is a story of dynamic actors, whose interactions with established structures shaped the patent regime. From the inception of the trade regime to include intellectual property (IP) rights to the present, this book documents the role of different sets of actors - states, transnational business corporations, or civil society groups - and their influence on the structures - such as national and international agreements, organizations, and private entities - that have caused changes to healthcare and access to medication. Presenting the debates over patents, trade, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), as it galvanized non-state and nonbusiness actors, the book highlights how an alternative framing and understanding of pharmaceutical patent rights emerged: as a public issue, instead of a trade or IP issue. The book thus offers an important analysis of the legal and political dynamics through which the contest for access to lifesaving medication has been, and will continue to be, fought. In addition to academics working in the areas of international law, development, and public health, this book will also be of interest to policy makers, state actors, and others with relevant concerns working in nongovernmental and international organizations.

This volume addresses efforts to overcome the shortcomings of conventional dosage forms by exploiting the principles of nanoscience to deliver drugs for medical treatment. Nanodispersions are an important aspect because they possess globules/particles in sizes usually below 1000 nm in which the drug is dispersed in a continuous medium employing surface-active agents as stabilizers. With chapters written by experienced scientists and researchers in the field, this volume provides an abundance of information on various aspects of nanodispersions for drug delivery. The book is divided into several sections: nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, and diverse dispersed systems. The chapters detail what nanodispersions have demonstrated in the past and what they are expoected to continue to do in the future as the technology further evolves. Key features: * Provides an overview of nanoemulsions for drug delivery * Introduces the general principles, classification, and methods of preparation of nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems * Presents information relevant to specific routes of applications of nanoemulsions * Looks at the various aspects of nanosuspensions, including their formulation components, preparation methods, unique features, methods of characterization, and applications in various routes of administration * Explores nanomicellar approaches for drug delivery * Discusses the preparation, applications, and clinical considerations of nanogels for drug delivery

Increase in antibiotic resistance has forced researchers to develop new drugs against microorganisms. Lipopeptides are produced as secondary metabolites by some microorganisms. Computer-aided Design of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides as Prospective Drug Candidates provides the identification of novel ligands for different antimicrobial lipopeptides. Along with identification, it also provides some of the in silico drug design processes, namely homology modelling, molecular docking, QSAR studies, drug ADMET studies and pharmacophore studies to check the ligand-lipopeptide interaction. Some lipopeptides have shown anti-cancerous properties too, and this book discusses the required templates to design new drugs using computational techniques. Key Features: Focuses on the use lipopeptides as new antimicrobial compounds Presents the basics of in silico modelling for design and development of new drug molecules, and is therefore of interest to beginners in the field Provides a step-by-step process for identification of drug molecules and testing its efficacy in silico Couples with courses on patents and intellectual property rights

Provides a systematic review of microextraction techniques applied in analytical toxicology. A comprehensive guide for practical implementation of microextraction techniques in forensic, clinical and analytical laboratories. Contains figures and tables for easy understanding and quick adaptation of parameters of microextraction techniques. Fundamentals, development, and applications of microextraction techniques as a sample preparation procedure are discussed in detail. Extremely useful for the researchers and academicians engaged in the analytical method development using microextraction techniques.

This book bridges the gap between practitioners of supply-chain management and pharmaceutical industry experts. It aims to help both these groups understand the different worlds they live in and how to jointly contribute to meaningful improvements in supply-chains within the globally important pharmaceutical sector. Scientific and technical staff must work closely with supply-chain practitioners and other relevant parties to help secure responsive, cost effective and risk mitigated supply chains to compete on a world stage. This should not wait until a drug has been registered, but should start as early as possible in the development process and before registration or clinical trials. The author suggests that CMC (chemistry manufacturing controls) drug development must reset the line of sight - from supply of drug to the clinic and gaining a registration, to the building of a patient value stream. Capable processes and suppliers, streamlined logistics, flexible plant and equipment, shorter cycle times, effective flow of information and reduced waste. All these factors can and should be addressed at the CMC development stage.