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Books > Humanities > History > American history > From 1900 > Postwar, from 1945 > Vietnam War
In the 1970s, the United States faced challenges on a number of
fronts. By nearly every measure, American power was no longer
unrivalled. The task of managing America's relative decline fell to
President Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and Gerald Ford. From
1969 to 1977, Nixon, Kissinger, and Ford reoriented U.S. foreign
policy from its traditional poles of liberal interventionism and
conservative isolationism into a policy of active but conservative
engagement. In Nixon in the World, seventeen leading historians of
the Cold War and U.S. foreign policy show how they did it, where
they succeeded, and where they took their new strategy too far.
Drawing on newly declassified materials, they provide authoritative
and compelling analyses of issues such as Vietnam, d tente, arms
control, and the U.S.-China rapprochement, creating the first
comprehensive volume on American foreign policy in this pivotal
era.
On the early morning of March 16, 1968, American soldiers from
three platoons of Charlie Company (1st Battalion, 20th Infantry
Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd Infantry Division), entered a group of
hamlets located in the Son Tinh district of South Vietnam, located
near the Demilitarized Zone and known as "Pinkville" because of the
high level of Vietcong infiltration. The soldiers, many still
teenagers who had been in the country for three months, were on a
"search and destroy" mission. The Tet Offensive had occurred only
weeks earlier and in the same area and had made them jittery; so
had mounting losses from booby traps and a seemingly invisible
enemy. Three hours after the GIs entered the hamlets, more than
five hundred unarmed villagers lay dead, killed in cold blood. The
atrocity took its name from one of the hamlets, known by the
Americans as My Lai 4. Military authorities attempted to suppress
the news of My Lai, until some who had been there, in particular a
helicopter pilot named Hugh Thompson and a door gunner named
Lawrence Colburn, spoke up about what they had seen. The official
line was that the villagers had been killed by artillery and
gunship fire rather than by small arms. That line soon began to
fray. Lieutenant William Calley, one of the platoon leaders,
admitted to shooting the villagers but insisted that he had acted
upon orders. An expose of the massacre and cover-up by journalist
Seymour Hersh, followed by graphic photographs, incited
international outrage, and Congressional and U.S. Army inquiries
began. Calley and nearly thirty other officers were charged with
war crimes, though Calley alone was convicted and would serve three
and a half years under house arrest before being paroled in 1974.
My Lai polarized American sentiment. Many saw Calley as a
scapegoat, the victim of a doomed strategy in an unwinnable war.
Others saw a war criminal. President Nixon was poised to offer a
presidential pardon. The atrocity intensified opposition to the
war, devastating any pretense of American moral superiority. Its
effect on military morale and policy was profound and enduring. The
Army implemented reforms and began enforcing adherence to the Hague
and Geneva conventions. Before launching an offensive during Desert
Storm in 1991, one general warned his brigade commanders, "No My
Lais in this division-do you hear me?" Compelling, comprehensive,
and haunting, based on both exhaustive archival research and
extensive interviews, Howard Jones's My Lai will stand as the
definitive book on one of the most devastating events in American
military history.
The defeat of South Vietnam was arguably America's worst foreign
policy disaster of the 20th Century. Yet a complete understanding
of the endgame--from the 27 January 1973 signing of the Paris Peace
Accords to South Vietnam's surrender on 30 April 1975--has eluded
us. Black April addresses that deficit. A culmination of exhaustive
research in three distinct areas: primary source documents from
American archives, North Vietnamese publications containing primary
and secondary source material, and dozens of articles and numerous
interviews with key South Vietnamese participants, this book
represents one of the largest Vietnamese translation projects ever
accomplished, including almost one hundred rarely or never seen
before North Vietnamese unit histories, battle studies, and
memoirs. Most important, to celebrate the 30th Anniversary of South
Vietnam's conquest, the leaders in Hanoi released several
compendiums of formerly highly classified cables and memorandum
between the Politburo and its military commanders in the south.
This treasure trove of primary source materials provides the most
complete insight into North Vietnamese decision-making ever
complied. While South Vietnamese deliberations remain less clear,
enough material exists to provide a decent overview. Ultimately,
whatever errors occurred on the American and South Vietnamese side,
the simple fact remains that the country was conquered by a North
Vietnamese military invasion despite written pledges by Hanoi's
leadership against such action. Hanoi's momentous choice to destroy
the Paris Peace Accords and militarily end the war sent a
generation of South Vietnamese into exile, and exacerbated a
societal trauma in America over our long Vietnam involvement that
reverberates to this day. How that transpired deserves deeper
scrutiny.
On 30 March 1972 the South Vietnamese positions along the
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) that separated the North from South
Vietnam were suddenly shelled by hundreds of heavy guns and
multiple rocket launchers. Caught in a series of outposts of what
was the former 'McNamara Line', the shocked defenders had just
enough time to emerge from their bunkers at the end of the barrage
before they were attacked by regular North Vietnamese Army
divisions, supported by hundreds of armoured vehicles that crashed
though their defensive lines along the border. Thus began one of
the fiercest campaigns of the Vietnam War but also one of the less
well documented because by then most of the American ground forces
had been withdrawn. Following on from the details of the downsizing
of American forces and the setting up of the'Vietnamization'
policy, the build up of both the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
(ARVN) in the South and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) in the
North is discussed at length. A special emphasis is devoted to the
study of the development the North Vietnamese armoured corps that
would spearhead the coming offensive. Consequently, the nature of
the war changed dramatically, evolving from a guerrilla one into a
conventional conflict. The South Vietnamese resistance shuddered,
and then crumbled under the communist onslaught, putting Hue the
ancient imperial capital at risk. It was only thanks to US
airpower, directed by a small group of courageous American
advisers, which helped to turn the tide. Under the command of a new
capable commander, the South Vietnamese then methodically
counterattacked to retake some of the lost ground. This culminated
in the ferocious street fighting for Quang Tri. This first volume
describes the combat taking place in the northern part of South
Vietnam, and uses not only American archives but also Vietnamese
sources, from both sides. The book contains 130 photos, five maps
and 18 colour profiles. Asia@War - following on from our
highly-successful Africa@War series, Asia@War replicates the same
format - concise, incisive text, rare images and high quality
colour artwork providing fresh accounts of both well-known and more
esoteric aspects of conflict in this part of the world since 1945.
DISCOVER THE EXHILARATING TRUE STORY BEHIND THE ACTION-PACKED
CLASSIC FILM 'GOOSE AND MAVERICK MOVE OVER . . .' Admiral James
Stavridis ________ March 1969. American jets are getting shot down
at an unprecedented rate over Vietnam. In an urgent effort to
regain the advantage the Admirals turn to a young naval aviator
called Dan Pedersen. Officially, the programme he set up was called
the US Navy Fighter Weapons School. To everyone else it was known
simply as TOPGUN. Pedersen's hand-picked team of instructors - the
Original Eight - were the best of the best. Together, they
revolutionised aerial warfare and rediscovered the lost art of
fighter combat. This is the extraordinary, thrilling story of how
TOPGUN saw America reclaim the skies, by the man who created it.
________ 'It's hard to read Dan Pederson's Topgun and not think of
Tom Cruise. A pleasure to read' Wall Street Journal 'Direct, vivid
and unvarnished. A high-flying, supersonic tale' Hampton Sides,
author of Ghost Soldiers 'Topgun earned Dan Pedersen the title of
American Hero' Washington Times 'A riveting seat-of-the-pants
flight into the lethal world of the fighter pilot' Dan Hampton,
author of Viper Pilot
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