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Books > Professional & Technical > Environmental engineering & technology > Sanitary & municipal engineering > Waste treatment & disposal
Hazardous waste incineration technologies have been developed to meet the needs of a rapidly growing market that has been created by the proliferation of hazardous waste in modern society. These hazardous wastes are continuously produced as by-products of many industries. Vast stockpiles of hazardous or toxic wastes are currently residing in insecure landfills, thus imperiling our drinking water supplies. This handbook is written with the user in mind. An in-depth review of regulatory and technical requirements is presented with later sections regarding permitting and operation of incineration facilities. A comprehensive description of established and emerging incinerator technologies is included along with a number of alternatives. One of the key sections involves a detailed procedure for choosing an incinerator for a specific job, including engineering calculations and going through the bid process. Rationale for whether to buy or lease incineration equipment is included as well as details on trial burns, permitting strategies, and startup and operation of incinerators.
Emissions come from different products which have finally turned into waste. Wastes are simply discarded products and the design of a product can have a significant impact on the nature of the waste produced. This text attempts to show how to manage these different types of solid waste emissions.
The objective of this text is to provide information on mill tailings and mine waste, and to discuss current and future issues facing the mining and environmental communities.
Environmental concerns have pushed the decarbonisation of the European economy high on the EU political agenda. This has renewed old debates about the role of nuclear energy in the European economy and society that gravitate around the issues of nuclear safety and radioactive waste management (RWM). RWM carries many elements of technical complexity, scientific uncertainty and social value, which makes policy decisions highly controversial. Public participation is usually believed to improve these decisions, ease their implementation by solving substantial conflicts, and enhance trust and social acceptance. Drawing upon sources including Euratom and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, the author offers a detailed overview of public involvement in RWM in the EU, analysing the implementation of national policies through official programmes and the views of stakeholders from all Member States. This book highlights the key successes and challenges in the quest for greater participation in RWM, and extrapolates insights for other contested energy infrastructures and controversies in land use. This book will be of great relevance to students, scholars and practitioners with an interest in radioactive waste management, energy policy, and EU environmental politics and policy.
In the Eastern corridor of Northern region of Ghana, presence of high fluoride concentration in the groundwater has made many drilled boreholes unusable for drinking. Little is, however, known about the factors contributing to the occurrence of high fluoride in this part of Ghana and it's spatial distribution. Treatment of the fluoride-contaminated groundwater by adsorption is also hampered by the lack of suitable adsorbents that are locally available. Based on principal component analysis, and saturation indices calculations, this thesis highlights that, the predominant mechanisms controlling the fluoride enrichment probably include calcite precipitation and Na/Ca exchange processes, both of which deplete Ca from the groundwater, and promote the dissolution of fluorite. The mechanisms also include F-/OH- anion exchange processes, as well as evapotranspiration processes which concentrate the fluoride ions, hence increasing its concentration in the groundwater. Spatial mapping showed that the high fluoride groundwaters occur predominantly in the Saboba, Cheriponi and Yendi districts. The thesis further highlights that, modifying the surface of indigenous materials by an aluminium coating process, is a very promising approach to develop a suitable fluoride adsorbent. Aluminum oxide coated media reduced fluoride in water from 5. 0 +/- 0.2 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L (which is the WHO health based guideline for fluoride), in both batch and continuous flow column experiments in the laboratory. Kinetic and isotherm studies, thermodynamic calculations, as well as analytical results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, suggest the mechanism of fluoride adsorption onto aluminium oxide coated media involved both physisorption and chemisorption processes. Field testing in a fluoritic community in Northern Ghana showed that the adsorbent is also capable of treating fluoride-contaminated groundwater in field conditions, suggesting it is a promising defluoridation adsorbent. The adsorbent also showed good regenerability potential that would allow re-use, which could make it practically and economically viable. Additional research is, however, required to further increase the fluoride adsorption capacity of developed adsorbent.
The author of Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health is a public
health official with the unique perspective that only insider
status can provide. His book is intended for policy makers,
environmentalists, toxicologists, public health officials, academic
personnel, and health care providers.
Uganda's Nakivubo swamp has been receiving wastewater from Kampala for over 30 years and consists of a floating root mat. It's potential to remove nutrients and pathogens from wastewater in a sustainable way, while maintaining ecological quality and biodiversity, is investigated in this work.
This workbook is a companion to Applied Math for Wastewater Plant Operators (ISBN: 9780877628095) and part of the Applied Math for Wastewater Plant Operators Set (ISBN: 9781566769891). It contains self-teaching guides for all wastewater treatment calculations, skill checks, hundreds of worked examples, and practice problems.
FROM THE PREFACE
New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of "White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants" more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This "Fifth Edition," with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the "Fifth Edition" covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this "Fifth Edition" remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.
Pollution of waterbodies and the environment by petroleum industry is of particular concern in Nigeria. This problem can be addressed by the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) which is a nature-based system that is simple to construct, have low operational and maintenance costs in terms of supply of energy and its periodic maintenance. The application of CWs in Nigeria for polishing of petroleum refinery wastewater is an unprecedented research. This PhD thesis focused on some specific objectives which were characterization of treated secondary refinery wastewater, design, construction, operation and monitoring of planted (T. latifolia, C. alternifolius and C. dactylon) and unplanted vertical subsurface flow, horizontal subsurface flow and hybrid CWs for the removal of suspended solids, nutrients, heavy metals, organic matter and organic pollutants. The CWs effectively treated the petroleum contaminated wastewater to effluent compliance limits. In this study, T. latifolia planted CWs had consistently higher removal efficiencies for all the measured parameters than C. alternifolius and C. dactylon planted CW systems. Therefore, in order to improve the wastewater quality discharged by Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) Nigeria, meet stringent guidelines and protect the recipient streams, installation of CWs at the effluent discharge point of KRPC is strongly recommended.
Interest in solid waste disposal has been growing since the early 1960s, when researchers emphasized the potential for solid waste to harbor pathogenic microorganisms. Since then, society has become more interested in the environmental impacts of solid waste treatment and disposal, and how biological processes are used to minimize these impacts. This new text provides a basic understanding of the unique microbial ecosystems associated with the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW). It addresses the challenges of sampling and assaying microbial activities in MSW and describes preferred methods. The decomposition of MSW under anaerobic conditions in landfills and digestors is described, as well as under aerobioconditions during composting. The Microbiology of Solid Wastes discusses the need to consider MSW as an integrated system of collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal. A better understanding of solid waste microbiology will contribute to safe and economical solid waste management. Microbiologists, environmental engineers, and solid waste managers will all find this a useful reference.
This work offers an accessible discussion of current and emerging separation processes used for waste minimization, showing how the processes work on a day-to-day basis and providing troubleshooting tips for equipment that doesn't function according to design specifications. It describes the fundamentals of over 30 processes, types of equipment available, vendors, and common problems encountered in operations with hazardous waste.
Discharge of nutrient rich wastewater causes eutrophication of surface water; therefore wastewater treatment before discharge is required. Wastewater stabilization ponds are low cost technology used by developing countries but not effective in nitrogen removal due to low nitrifier biomass in the water column. Introduction of surface area for attachment of nitrifiers has therefore been proposed. This thesis reports the performance of pilot scale wastewater stabilization ponds fitted with baffles. The effect of baffles on nitrogen removal under tropical and two operational conditions was investigated. Under TKN/BOD ratio of 0.67, the baffled ponds performed better in nitrogen removal than the control pond. Total nitrogen mass balances showed that nitrification-denitrification, algal uptake and sedimentation were principle nitrogen removal mechanisms in biofilm waste stabilization ponds This study shows the potential of biofilms in improving nitrogen removal in wastewater stabilization ponds. The BOD and TSS concentrations were sufficiently low to permit for reuse in irrigation. If the objective is reuse and optimization of resources, the effluents from the ponds had sufficient nitrogen content for use in agriculture.
Filamentous bulking and foaming are the most frequent operational
problems in activated sludge plants. This recent book provides a
comprehensive, concise guide to the microbiological and technical
aspects of bulking and foaming control.
This volume provides in-depth coverage of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends in waste treatment processes. It delineates methodologies, technologies, and the regional and global effects of important pollution control practices. It focuses on specific industrial and manufacturing wastes and their remediation. Topics include: heavy metals, electronics, chemical, and textile manufacturing.
This book details how to start and maintain a successful safety program in a municipal or industrial water or wastewater plant with special emphasis on the practical implementation. This new edition provides the latest OSHA regulations and recommendations, and each chapter has been updated with new information, including the latest innovations related to all types of successfully proven health and safety protocols. Coverage includes safety programs, recordkeeping, safety training, safety equipment, and safe work practices for wastewater treatment facilities. In addition, much of the text should be relevant to safety and health professionals in almost any industrial setting.
FROM THE PREFACE
Starting with sludge and scum characterization, this practical guide provides least cost methods of improving sludge quality, options for beneficial reuse, the costs of implementing those options, and case studies of sludge reuse programs around the country. From the pitfalls of site selection to pairing sludge products with their markets, this is a comprehensive resource for anyone working to establish a successful sludge reuse program. Each sludge processing option is presented in depth, including costs, operational difficulties, odor control, and application of the sludge product. The land application of liquid sludge, traditional and innovative methods of natural and mechanical dewatering, and lime stabilization processes are covered in detail. Composting options including aerated static pile composting, vermicomposting, windrow composting, and in-vessel composting are investigated. Sludge pelletizing processes and innovative technologies for sludge reuse are discussed, along with the Part 503 regulations.
The development of biologically based processes for the treatment of hazardous inorganic and organic wastes is a multi-disciplinary effort requiring the consideration of a number of biological, chemical, and physical parameters, as well as the effective teaming of biologists, chemists, engineers, and regulatory agencies. This new text/reference bridges the disciplines in a unique way, allowing an exchange of fundamental information to take place. The book begins with a description of the biological transformations of inorganic and organic compounds and a review of strategies that may be used for the treatment of hazardous wastes. It continues with a discussion of the physiological and engineering factors that must be considered for successful process development and concludes with a discussion of the regulations that have influenced biological waste treatment and environmental remediation.
Geologic Aspects of Hazardous Waste Management brings together technical, legislative, regulatory, and business aspects of hazardous waste issues as they pertain to preventing, assessing, containing, and remediating soil and groundwater contamination. The book emphasizes how subsurface geologic and hydrogeologic conditions affect the decision-making process, and it focuses on critical issues facing industry, government, and the public. The book is excellent for consultants, project managers, regulators, geologists, geophysicists, hydrologists, hydrogeologists, risk assessors, environmental engineers, chemists, toxicologists, and environmental lawyers.
Introduces the most up-to-date techniques for soil remediation, including chemical fixation/stabilization, soil vapor extraction, thermally enhanced vapor stripping, biodegradation, and air spargingwritten in a style accessible to nonspecialists. Desc4ibes the ex shu technique of thermal desorption of soil contaminants-a low-cost aftemative to incineration for the removal of organics.
Hazardous Waste Site Remediation is an outstanding textbook that reviews specific treatment processes, as well as pertinent basic concepts in organic geochemistry, material balance mass transfer, thermodynamics, and kinetics. Following a quantitative approach to source control, the text covers regulations, materials handling, engineering principles, soil vapor extraction, chemical extraction and soil washing, solidification and stabilization, and chemical destruction. It also explores topics in bioremediation, thermal processes, risk assessment, and waste minimization. A solutions manual is available.
The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering presents an in-depth examination of the principles and practice of modern day composting. This comprehensive book covers compost science, engineering design, operation, principles, and practice, stressing a fundamental approach to analysis throughout. Biological, physical, chemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic principles are covered to develop a unified analytical approach to analysis and an understanding of the process. A brief history of the development of composting systems, which leads to descriptions of modern processes, is presented.
Developed from the efforts of a multiyear, international project examining how persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals are evaluated and managed, Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Chemicals: Technical Aspects, Policies, and Practices focuses on improving the processes that govern PBTs. Incorporating science and policy literature-as well as interviews and panel discussions featuring experts from around the world-this book provides you with an international perspective of PBT policies (centering on Europe, Asia, and North America), and reveals major findings and recommendations for improving PBT science, laws, and policies. It includes case studies of specific chemicals, provides an introduction to the overall subject of toxic chemicals, and weighs in on science and policy expansion for PBTs. It also provides summary tables of important PBTs, and discussions on the number of PBTs in commerce, weight of evidence approaches, market deselection, and international management. The text: Assesses the history, current practice, and future of PBT management Considers the roles scientific data, modeling, and conventions play in identifying and regulating PBTs Explores the number of PBTs in commerce and the growing role of weight of evidence (WOE) in the making of PBT determinations Identifies issues that are likely to come up in WOE judgments Examines international, national, subnational, and regional PBT policies Includes a comprehensive and easy-to-understand analysis of PBT science and policy This book reviews the current science, policies, and practices surrounding the regulation of PBTs. It also provides relevant research, recommendations, and suggestions for improving the management and oversight of PBTs. |
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