In contrast to the common perception that the United Nations is,
or should become, a system of collective security, this paper
advances the proposition that the UN Security Council embodies a
necessarily selective approach. Analysis of its record since 1945
suggests that the Council cannot address all security threats
effectively. The reasons for this include not only the veto power
of the five permanent members, but also the selectivity of all UN
member states: their unwillingness to provide forces for
peacekeeping or other purposes except on a case-by-case basis, and
their reluctance to involve the Council in certain conflicts to
which they are parties, or which they perceive as distant, complex
and resistant to outside involvement.
The Council's selectivity is generally seen as a problem, even a
threat to its legitimacy. Yet selectivity, which is rooted in
prudence and in the UN Charter itself, has some virtues.
Acknowledging the necessary limitations within which the Security
Council operates, this paper evaluates the Council's achievements
in tackling the problem of war since 1945. In doing so, it sheds
light on the division of labour among the Council, regional
security bodies and states, and offers a pioneering contribution to
public and governmental understanding of the UN's past, present and
future roles.
General
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