A new moral theory from an Israeli philosopher and activist
emphasizing the existential and political nature of evil. What
remains of moral judgment when truth itself is mistrusted, when the
validity of every belief system depends on its context, when power
and knowledge are inextricably entangled? Is a viable moral theory
still possible in the wake of the postmodern criticism of modern
philosophyThe Order of Evils responds directly to these questions
and dilemmas with one simple and brilliant change of focus. Rather
than concentrating on the age-old themes of justice and freedom,
Adi Ophir offers a moral theory that emphasizes the existential and
political nature of evil. Ophir's main contention is that evil is
neither a diabolical element residing in the hearts of men nor a
meaningless absence of the good. Rather, it is the socially
structured order of "superfluous evils." Evils, like pain,
suffering, loss, and humiliation, are superfluous when they could
have been-but were not-prevented. Through close analysis of seminal
works by modern and postmodern philosophers-from Rousseau, Kant,
Marx, Sartre, and Arendt to Foucault, Levinas, Derrida, and
Lyotard-Ophir forges a new perspective for thinking about what it
means to be a moral being: to be moral, he argues, is to care for
others, and to be committed to preventing, at all costs, their
suffering and distress. A theoretically sophisticated work, The
Order of Evils also bears the traces of Ophir's own political and
personal experiences as an Israeli philosopher and activist. Two
major events in recent Jewish history have profoundly influenced
his thinking: the Holocaust and the prolonged Israeli domination of
Palestinians in the Occupied Territories. Ophir does not compare
the two events. Instead, he introduces a typology of disasters that
allows them to be located within the wide spectrum of humanly
generated calamities whose specificity and general patterns emerge
clearly and distinctly as what they are and are not.
General
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