Al Biruni, one of the greatest Arab scholars, was born on September
4, 973, in what is now Uzbekistan. He showed talent at an early age
and by his early 20's had written several acclaimed papers.
Political unrest in his 20's and 30's found him at one point at
Gurgan, on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Peace found him in
Ghaznah, which is today in Afghanistan. From 1017 to 1030 he
travelled extensively in India, becoming fluent in Sanskrit. From
this he wrote his monumental survey, India, of the history, customs
and beliefs of the subcontinent. His other books include The
Chronology of Ancient Nations, the Masudic Cannon, Book of
Instructions, and more than 100 others, some of which are lost. He
died on December 13, 1048, aged 75. He is buried in Ghaznah. The
Book of Instruction in the Elements of the Art of Astrology was
written for Lady Rayhanah, to whom it is dedicated. R. Ramsay
Wright, the translator, said it could be regarded as a primer of
11th century science. Among its highlights are a comprehensive list
of more than 150 Lots, various forms of aspects and planetary
relationships, planetary positions relative to the sun, an
excellent text on rulerships as well as comprehensive notes on
weather and meteorological phenomena. This book was unknown to
medieval European astrologers. This edition, comprising the
astrological part of the original (sections 347-530) has been taken
from Wright's pioneering 1934 translation, itself taken from
Persian and Arabic sources. For this edition, text and tables have
been reset, and a new index added.
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