The concept of "psychological tools" is a cornerstone of L. S.
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development.
Psychological tools are the symbolic cultural artifacts--signs,
symbols, texts, formulae, and most fundamentally, language--that
enable us to master psychological functions like memory,
perception, and attention in ways appropriate to our cultures. In
this lucid book, Alex Kozulin argues that the concept offers a
useful way to analyze cross-cultural differences in thought and to
develop practical strategies for educating immigrant children from
widely different cultures.
Kozulin begins by offering an overview of Vygotsky's theory,
which argues that consciousness arises from communication as
civilization transforms "natural" psychological functions into
"cultural" ones. He also compares sociocultural theory to other
innovative approaches to learning, cognitive education in
particular. And in a vivid case study, the author describes his
work with recent Ethiopian immigrants to Israel, whose traditional
modes of learning were oral and imitative, and who consequently
proved to be quick at learning conversational Hebrew, but who
struggled with the reading, writing, and formal problem solving
required by a Western classroom. Last, Kozulin develops Vygotsky's
concept of psychological tools to promote literature as a useful
tool in cognitive development.
With its explication of Vygotsky's theory, its case study of
sociocultural pedagogy, and its suggested use of literary text for
cognitive development, "Psychological Tools" will be of
considerable interest to research psychologists and educators
alike.
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