THE SCIENCE OF LIVING The Science of Living By JLlfred JLdler
London George Allen W Unwin Ltd Museum Street CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE
A NOTE ON THE AUTHOR AND His WORK . . 9 I THE SCIENCE OF LIVING 31
II THE INFERIORITY COMPLEX 56 III THE SUPERIORITY COMPLEX 78 IV THE
STYLE OF LIFE 98 V OLD REMEMBRANCES 117 VI ATTITUDES AND MOVEMENTS
135 VII DREAMS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION . . .154 VIII PROBLEM
CHILDREN AND THEIR EDUCATION . 173 IX SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL
ADJUSTMENT . 199 X SOCIAL FEELING, COMMON SENSE AND THE INFERIORITY
COMPLEX 215 XI LOVE AND MARRIAGE 231 XII SEXUALITY AND SEX PROBLEMS
249 XIII CONCLUSION . 268 THE SCIENCE OF LIVING A NOTE ON THE
AUTHOR AND HIS WORK DR. ALFRED ADLERS work in psychology, while it
is scientific and general in method, is essentially the study of
the separate personalities we are, and is therefore called
Individual Psychology. Concrete, particular, unique human beings
are the subjects of this psychology, and it can only be truly
learned from the men, women and chil dren we meet. The supreme
importance of this contribution to modern psychology is due to the
manner in which it reveals how all the activities of the soul are
drawn together into the service of the individual, how all his
faculties and strivings are related to one end. We are enabled by
this to enter into the ideals, the difficulties, the efforts and
discourage ments of our fellow-men, in such a way that we may
obtain a whole and living picture of each as a personality. In this
co-ordinating idea, some thing like finality is achieved, though we
must 9 A THE SCIENCE OF LIVING understand it as finality of
foundation. There has never before been a method so rigorous and
yet adaptable for followingthe fluctuations of that most fluid,
variable and elusive of all real ities, the individual human soul.
Since Adler regards not only science but even intelligence itself
as the result of the communal efforts of humanity, we shall find
his conscious ness of his own unique contribution more than usually
tempered by recognition of his collabora tors, both past and
contemporary. It will there fore be useful to consider Adlers
relation to the movement called Psycho-analysis, and first of all
to recall, however briefly, the philosophic im pulses which
inspired the psycho-analytic move ment as a whole. The conception
of the Unconscious as vital memory biological memory is common to
modern psychology as a whole. But Freud, from the first a
specialist in hysteria, took the mem ories of success or failure in
the sexual life, as of the first and almost the only importance.
Jung, a psychiatrist of genius, has tried to widen this
distressingly narrow view, by seeking to re veal the
super-individual or racial memories 10 A NOTE ON THE AUTHOR AND HIS
WORK which, he believes, have as much power as the sexual and a
higher kind of value for life. It was left to Alfred Adler, a
physician of wide and general experience, to unite the con ception
of the Unconscious more firmly with biological reality. A man of
the original school of psycho-analysts, he had done much work by
that method of analyzing memories out of their coagulated emotional
state into clearness and ob jectivity. But he showed that the whole
scheme of memory is different in every individual. In dividuals do
not form their unconscious memories all around the same central
motive not all around sexuality, for instance. In every indi vidual
wefind an individual way of selecting its experiences from all
possible experience. What is the principle of that selectivity
Adler has an swered that it is, fundamentally, the organic con
sciousness of a need, of some specific inferiority which has to be
compensated. It is as though every soul had consciousness of its
whole physical reality, and were concentrated, with sleepless in
sistence, upon achieving compensation for the defects in it...
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