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The Design of Low Noise Oscillators (Hardcover, 1999 ed.)
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The Design of Low Noise Oscillators (Hardcover, 1999 ed.)
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The tremendous growth in wireless and mobile communications has
placed stringent requirements on channel spacing and, by
implication, on the phase noise of oscillators. Compounding the
challenge has been a recent drive toward implementations of
transceivers in CMOS, whose inferior l/f noise performance has
usually been thought to disqualify it from use in all but the
lowest-performance oscillators. Low noise oscillators are also
highly desired in the digital world. The continued drive toward
higher clock frequencies translates into a demand for
ever-decreasing jitter. There is a need for a deep understanding of
the fundamental mechanisms governing the process by which device,
substrate, and supply noise turn into jitter and phase noise.
Existing models generally offer only qualitative insights, however,
and it has not always been clear why they are not quantitatively
correct. The Design of Low Noise Oscillators offers a new
time-variant phase noise model. By discarding the implicit
assumption of time- invariance underlying many other approaches,
this model is capable of making quantitative predictions of the
phase noise and jitter of different types of oscillators. It is
able to attribute a definite amount of phase noise to every noise
source in the circuit. Because of its time-variant nature, the
model also takes into account the effect of cyclostationary noise
sources in a natural way. It details the precise mechanism by which
low frequency noise, such as l/f noise, upconverts into close-in
phase noise. An important new understanding is that rise and fall
time symmetry controls such upconversion. More important, it
suggests practical methods for suppressing this upconversion, so
thatgood oscillators can be built in technologies with notoriously
poor l/f noise performance (such as CMOS or GaAs MESFET). The
Design of Low Noise Oscillators will be of interest to both analog
and digital circuit as well as RF circuit designers.
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