When do international non-governmental organizations like Oxfam or
Human Rights Watch actually work? "Help or Harm: The Human Security
Effects of International NGOs" answers this question by offering
the first comprehensive framework for understanding the effects of
the international non-governmental organizations working in the
area of human security. Unlike much of the previous literature on
INGOs within international relations, its theoretical focus
includes both advocacy INGOs--such as Amnesty International or
Greenpeace, whose predominant mission is getting a targeted actor
to adopt a policy or behavior in line with the position of the
INGO--and service INGOs--such as CARE or Oxfam, which focus mainly
on goods provision.
The book rigorously and logically assesses how INGOs with
heterogeneous underlying motivations interact with those other
actors that are critical for advocacy and service provision. This
theoretical framework is tested quantitatively on a sample of over
100 countries that have exhibited imperfect human security
situations since the end of the Cold War. These case-study
vignettes serve as "reality checks" to the game-theoretic logic and
empirical findings of the book.
Amanda Murdie finds that INGOs can have powerful effects on human
rights and development outcomes--although the effect of these
organizations is not monolithic: differences in organizational
characteristics (which reflect underlying motivations, issue-focus,
and state peculiarities) condition when and where this vibrant and
growing force of INGOs will be effective contributors to human
security outcomes.
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