The history of aroma and fragrance dates back through several ages
and civilizations. The sagacity of smell plays a remarkable role
for human beings to recognise food. Best fruits can be judged when
they are ripe and fit for consumption emitting lovely smell or
aroma. The same attribute from flowers attracts insects leading to
cross-pollination. India has enjoyed a paramount place in the
fabrication of quality perfumes and aromatics since the prehistoric
era. The celebrated Chinese voyager Fa-Hien described India as the
land of aromatic plants. Indian cities like Delhi, Agra, Kannauj,
Lucknow, Jaunpur, Ghazipur, Aligarh, Bharatpur, Mysore, and
Hyderabad emerged as centres of national and international trade in
perfumery and other aromatic compounds, and were known for their
quality across Asia, Europe and Africa. Aromatic plants precisely
possess odorous volatile substances in root, wood, bark, stem,
foliage, flower and fruit. The typical aroma is due to an
assortment of composite chemical compounds. At present, information
on the chemistry and properties of essential oils of only about 500
aromatic plants species is known in some detail out of a total of
about 1500. Of these, about 50 species find use as commercial
source of essential oils and aroma chemicals. It is realized now
that perfumes are not the essentials of sumptuousness as they were
in the past. It has given birth to new streams of medicinal
therapy, aromatherapy, involving the use of essential oils and
aromatics derived from plants to treat diseases. Essential oils are
also reported to be better than antibiotics due to their safety and
broad-spectrum activity. Natural essential oils are also
potentially safe insecticides. The essential oil obtained from
Acorus calamus having ss-asarone as an active principle produces
sterility among a variety of insects of either sex. It has,
therefore, been found very useful and secure for the storage of
food grains. However, there is still very inadequate research for
the cultivation of aromatic crops and extraction of essential oils
across the globe. This book has been designed to highlight the
associated issues of aromatic plants including the aspects of their
classification, importance, uses and applications for human
wellbeing, botany, agrotechniques, major bioactive constituents,
post-harvest extraction, chemistry and biochemistry of aroma
compounds along with an informative modern global research on these
plants throughout the world. I hope this book will cater the
scholastic services, reward diverse professionals and stakeholders,
and serve as an informative handbook for theoretical as well as
practical purposes.
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