This finite element study was conducted to calculate the
distribution of stresses on root surfaces when a orthodontic force
of 2N was applied at different degrees namely 0 degree, 30 degree
and 45 degree to the horizontal plane. An in-vitro finite element
method was used to construct a three dimensional finite element
model of a mandibular arch (without first premolars). Mechanical
properties like Young's modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio
were assigned to the model. To this model an orthodontic force was
applied at various degrees on the crown of the tooth model. After
the application of the forces initial stress on the root surface of
mandibular anterior teeth was evaluated. The greatest amount of the
maximum level of stress was found at the cervical margin of the PDL
at all tooth roots, while the maximum stresses occurred at the root
crest region of the canine among them. Bodily movement and tipping
forces produce stress concentrated at the alveolar crest and not at
the root apex This 3-dimensional model is a useful example to
investigate the biomechanics of dental movement analyzing the
mechanical stress on root surfaces.
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