Existing "command-and-control" spectrum allocations defined by
government regulatory agencies prohibit unlicensed access to
licensed spectrum, constraining them instead to several heavily
populated, interference-prone frequency bands. However, it has been
shown that the spectrum is not utilized efficiently across time and
frequency. Optimal use can be achieved by dynamic spectrum access
(DSA) - the concept of unlicensed users "borrowing" spectrum from
incumbent license holders temporarily to improve the spectrum
utilization. Cognitive radios offer versatile, powerful, and
portable wireless transceivers enabling DSA. Spectrum sensing
provides this intelligence for DSA, while pruning techniques
achieve better transmission by proper compression. This work aims
to summarise and improve upon the current techniques in this key
area of communications. Tackling the main issues of spectrum
sensing - identification of empty spectral bands for communication
and using non contigous OFDM as a means of encoding over split
frequency bands, this work reviews existing literature while
proposing a few adaptations to improve the efficiency of the
process.
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