Most of the technological developments relevant to water supply and
wastewater date back to more than to five thousand years ago. These
developments were driven by the necessity to make efficient use of
natural resources, to make civilizations more resistant to
destructive natural elements, and to improve the standards of life,
both at public and private level. Rapid technological progress in
the 20th century created a disregard for past sanitation and
wastewater and stormwater technologies that were considered to be
far behind the present ones. A great deal of unresolved problems in
the developing world related to the wastewater management
principles, such as the decentralization of the processes, the
durability of the water projects, the cost effectiveness, and
sustainability issues, such as protection from floods and droughts
were intensified to an unprecedented degree. New problems have
arisen such as the contamination of surface and groundwater.
Naturally, intensification of unresolved problems has led to the
reconsideration of successful past achievements. This retrospective
view, based on archaeological, historical, and technical evidence,
has shown two things: the similarity of physicochemical and
biological principles with the present ones and the advanced level
of wastewater engineering and management practices. Evolution of
Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries
presents and discusses the major achievements in the scientific
fields of sanitation and hygienic water use systems throughout the
millennia, and compares the water technological developments in
several civilizations. It provides valuable insights into ancient
wastewater and stormwater management technologies with their
apparent characteristics of durability, adaptability to the
environment, and sustainability. These technologies are the
underpinning of modern achievements in sanitary engineering and
wastewater management practices. It is the best proof that "the
past is the key for the future". Evolution of Sanitation and
Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries is a textbook for
undergraduate and graduate courses of Water Resources, Civil
Engineering, Hydraulics, Ancient History, Archaeology,
Environmental Management and is also a valuable resource for all
researchers in the these fields. Authors: Andreas N. Angelakis,
Institute of Iraklion, Iraklion, Greece and Joan B. Rose, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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