International relations scholars typically expect political
communities to resemble one another the more they are exposed to
pressures of war, economic competition and the spread of hegemonic
legitimacy standards. However, historically it is heterogeneity,
not homogeneity, that has most often defined international systems.
Examining the Indian Ocean region - the centre of early modern
globalization - Andrew Phillips and J. C. Sharman explain how
diverse international systems can emerge and endure. Divergent
preferences for terrestrial versus maritime conquest, congruent
traditions of heteronomy and shared strategies of localization were
factors which enabled diverse actors including the Portuguese
Estado da India, Dutch and English company sovereigns and mighty
Asian empires to co-exist for centuries without converging on a
common institutional form. Debunking the presumed relationship
between interaction and homogenization, this book radically revises
conventional thinking on the evolution of international systems,
while deepening our understanding of a historically crucial but
critically understudied world region.
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