We live in an "information age," but information is only useful
when it is interpreted by people and applied in the context of
their goals and activities. The volume of information to which
people have access is growing at an incredible rate, vastly
outstripping people's ability to assimilate and manage it. In order
to design technologies that better support information work, it is
necessary to better understand the details of that work. In this
lecture, we review the situations (physical, social and temporal)
in which people interact with information. We also discuss how
people interact with information in terms of an "information
journey," in which people, iteratively, do the following: recognise
a need for information, find information, interpret and evaluate
that information in the context of their goals, and use the
interpretation to support their broader activities. People's
information needs may be explicit and clearly articulated but,
conversely, may be tacit, exploratory and evolving. Widely used
tools supporting information access, such as searching on the Web
and in digital libraries, support clearly defined information
requirements well, but they provide limited support for other
information needs. Most other stages of the information journey are
poorly supported at present. Novel design solutions are unlikely to
be purely digital, but to exploit the rich variety of information
resources, digital, physical and social, that are available.
Theories of information interaction and sensemaking can highlight
new design possibilities that augment human capabilities. We review
relevant theories and findings for understanding information
behaviours, and we review methods for evaluating information
working tools, to both assess existing tools and identify
requirements for the future. Table of Contents: Introduction:
Pervasive Information Interactions / Background: Information
Interaction at the Crossroads of Research Traditions / The
Situations: Physical, Social and Temporal / The Behaviors:
Understanding the "Information Journey" / The Technologies:
Supporting the Information Journey / Studying User Behaviors and
Needs for Information Interaction / Looking to the Future / Further
Reading
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