In "The Labor of Job," the renowned Marxist political philosopher
Antonio Negri develops an unorthodox interpretation of the Old
Testament book of Job, a canonical text of Judeo-Christian thought.
In the biblical narrative, the pious Job is made to suffer for no
apparent reason. The story revolves around his quest to understand
why he must bear, and why God would allow, such misery.
Conventional readings explain the tale as an affirmation of divine
transcendence. When God finally speaks to Job, it is to assert his
sovereignty and establish that it is not Job's place to question
what God allows. In Negri's materialist reading, Job does not
recognize God's transcendence. He denies it, and in so doing
becomes a co-creator of himself and the world.
"The Labor of Job" was first published in Italy in 1990. Negri
began writing it in the early 1980s, while he was a political
prisoner in Italy, and it was the first book he completed during
his exile in France (1983-97). As he writes in the preface,
understanding suffering was for him in the early 1980s "an
essential element of resistance. . . . It was the problem of
liberation, in prison and in exile, from within the absoluteness of
Power." Negri presents a Marxist interpretation of Job's story. He
describes it as a parable of human labor, one that illustrates the
impossibility of systems of measure, whether of divine justice (in
Job's case) or the value of labor (in the case of
late-twentieth-century Marxism). In the foreword, Michael Hardt
elaborates on this interpretation. In his commentary, Roland Boer
considers Negri's reading of the book of Job in relation to the
Bible and biblical exegesis. "The Labor of Job" provides an
intriguing and accessible entry into the thought of one of today's
most important political philosophers.
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