Archibald Henry Sayce (1845-1933) became interested in Middle
Eastern languages and scripts while still a teenager. Old Persian
and Akkadian cuneiform had recently been deciphered, and popular
enthusiasm for these discoveries was running high when Sayce began
his academic career at Oxford in 1869. In this 1895 work, he
considers the history of the Holy Land in the context of the flood
of new documentary and archaeological material which had come to
light in the course of the nineteenth century. Sayce's approach
opposed the 'higher criticism' which sought to demonstrate that the
stories of the Old Testament should not be interpreted literally;
in his opinion, 'in the narrative of the Pentateuch we have history
and not fiction', and he believed that archaeological discoveries
supported his view. Although this approach was already outdated,
his reconstruction of the history of the ancient Near East remains
of interest to historians of archaeology.
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