This ethnography focuses on a Chicano community in South Texas and
its struggle to establish school reform during the cultural
nationalist movement of the 70s. During this movement, members of
the Chicano community formed La Raza Unida, an alternative
political party that initiated a variety of reform programs, the
most prominent of which was a comprehensive pre-kindergarten
through 12th grade bilingual/bicultural education program. Through
this program, Chicano leaders sought to reverse the effects of
assimilative Anglo schooling and cultivate a new Chicano worldview.
However, resistance against this new schooled ethnicity developed
within the teaching ranks and among the community.
Many outside of the South Texas region believe Crystal City
continues to be a radical Chicano stronghold where educational
programs have fostered radical ethnic consciousness. This study
shows, however, that as the Raza Unida Party was transformed and
the initial educational reforms institutionalized,
bilingual/bicultural education evolved in a variety of unexpected
ways. While several studies have focused on the Chicano Movement in
relation to schooling during the height of nationalism in the
1970s, none has examined the historical relationship of the
Movement to the continued snuggles for community empowerment since
then. Highlighting the success of the Chicano Movement in creating
and sustaining bilingual/bicultural education and community
empowerment, this study expands our awareness of the role that
bilingual education played in the Movimiento and the empowerment of
a Mexican American community.
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